Purpose To investigate the cortical thickness features in Parkinson's disease(PD)patients at various stages and their association with dopamine transporter(DAT)levels in the putamen.Materials and Methods We retrospectively enrolled 30 PD patients and 15 healthy subject who underwent 11C-CFT PET and T1 MRI scans at the Department of Nuclear Medicine/PET Center of Huashan Hospital from August 2016 to October 2020.DAT average radioactivity in the anterior and posterior putamen was analysis using SPM12 software,with the occipital lobe as the reference region.Cortical segmentation and reconstruction were performed on T1 images using Freesurfer v7.2.The differences in cortical thinning between the groups were compared using a general linear model.Additionally,the relationship between cortical thickness in various brain regions and DAT uptake in the putamen were assessed.Results Compared to healthy subjects,significant cortical thinning was observed in the left inferior parietal lobule and the right and left inferior middle frontal gyrus of PD patients(all P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between the cortical thickness of the left inferior parietal lobule and right inferior middle frontal gyrus and DAT uptake in the corresponding anterior/posterior parts of the putamen(r=0.30-0.47,all P<0.05).Furthermore,the DAT uptake in the right precentral gyrus was positively correlated with the ipsilateral posterior putamen,exhibiting a stronger correlation than on the contralateral side(r=0.32,P=0.029).Conclusion The results show that the thickness of the thinning cortex area in the PD patients correlates significantly positively with DAT levels in the putamen,highlighting the importance of the basal ganglia cortical circuit and providing a basis for further research into the neural mechanisms of PD.

Objective:To investigate the potential value of cerebral glucose metabolism characteristics in anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) antibody-related encephalitic patients during acute phase as the clinical indicator of disease outcomes.Methods:From October 2019 to December 2023, 28 patients (18 males, 10 females; age (56.6±11.9) year) with anti-LGI1 antibody-related encephalitis diagnosed at Huashan Hospital, Fudan University were prospectively enrolled. All patients received baseline brain 18F-FDG PET imaging and were divided into different subgroups according to the prognosis (good prognosis and poor prognosis groups) and recurrence (recurrence and non-recurrence groups) after follow-up. The difference of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score between the two groups was compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis was used to analyze the PET images of different groups by independent-sample t test, and the characteristics of cerebral glucose metabolism of patients with different outcomes were obtained. Results:MoCA scores between the recurrence group ( n=6) and the non-recurrence group ( n=22; 14.0(9.8, 20.5) vs 22.0(18.0, 24.0); Z=2.17, P=0.030), and between the poor prognosis group ( n=13) and the good prognosis group ( n=15; 14.0(10.0, 22.0) vs 22.0(19.8, 25.3); Z=2.47, P=0.013) were significantly different. Compared with the good prognosis group, the cerebral glucose metabolism in the poor prognosis group was decreased in the bilateral frontal lobe, lateral temporal lobe, inferior parietal lobule and cingulate gyrus, but increased in the brainstem, bilateral lentiform nucleus and bilateral paracentral lobule/postcentral gyrus (all t=1.71, all P<0.05). Compared with the non-recurrence group, the metabolism of bilateral medial frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, bilateral insula, superior temporal gyrus and thalamus decreased in the recurrence group, while the metabolism of bilateral precentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral lentiform nucleus increased (all t=1.71, all P<0.05). Conclusion:18F-FDG PET imaging reveals the differences in brain metabolism of anti-LGI1 antibody-related encephalitic patients at baseline with different outcomes (prognosis, recurrence or not), which can provide a new perspective for the clinical evaluation of the disease at baseline.

Purpose To investigate the cortical thickness features in Parkinson's disease(PD)patients at various stages and their association with dopamine transporter(DAT)levels in the putamen.Materials and Methods We retrospectively enrolled 30 PD patients and 15 healthy subject who underwent 11C-CFT PET and T1 MRI scans at the Department of Nuclear Medicine/PET Center of Huashan Hospital from August 2016 to October 2020.DAT average radioactivity in the anterior and posterior putamen was analysis using SPM12 software,with the occipital lobe as the reference region.Cortical segmentation and reconstruction were performed on T1 images using Freesurfer v7.2.The differences in cortical thinning between the groups were compared using a general linear model.Additionally,the relationship between cortical thickness in various brain regions and DAT uptake in the putamen were assessed.Results Compared to healthy subjects,significant cortical thinning was observed in the left inferior parietal lobule and the right and left inferior middle frontal gyrus of PD patients(all P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between the cortical thickness of the left inferior parietal lobule and right inferior middle frontal gyrus and DAT uptake in the corresponding anterior/posterior parts of the putamen(r=0.30-0.47,all P<0.05).Furthermore,the DAT uptake in the right precentral gyrus was positively correlated with the ipsilateral posterior putamen,exhibiting a stronger correlation than on the contralateral side(r=0.32,P=0.029).Conclusion The results show that the thickness of the thinning cortex area in the PD patients correlates significantly positively with DAT levels in the putamen,highlighting the importance of the basal ganglia cortical circuit and providing a basis for further research into the neural mechanisms of PD.

Objective To observe the correlation between cortical thickness and pathological deposition of β-amyloid(Aβ)in patients with Alzheimer disease(AD)induced mild cognitive impairment(MCI)or dementia.Methods Totally 22 AD patients were prospectively enrolled and divided into dementia group(n=12)and MCI group(n=10)based on the degree of cognitive impairment,while 17 healthy individuals without cognitive impairment were recruited as control group.MR examination and 18F-florbutaben(18F-FBB)PET imaging were performed,the cortical thickness and Aβ deposition value(Centiloid[CL]value)were calculated and compared among 3 groups and between each 2 groups,then the correlation between the above two indexes was analyzed.Results The cortical thickness in dementia group,MCI group and control group was(2.18±0.14),(2.35±0.08)and(2.36±0.09)mm,respectively,with significant difference among 3 groups(P＜0.05).The cortical thickness in dementia group was significantly thinner than that in MCI group and control group(both P＜0.05).CL value in dementia group,MCI group and control group was 77.97(63.07,95.55),65.51(54.54,90.50)and-1.17(-9.66,4.88),respectively,with significant difference among 3 groups(P＜0.05).CL value in dementia group and MCI group were significantly higher than in control group(both P＜0.05).The cortical thickness was moderately negatively correlated with CL value in MCI group(r=-0.580,P=0.048)but not in the other 2 groups(both P＞0.05).Conclusion The cortical thickness was moderately negatively correlated with abnormal deposition of Aβ in patients with AD induced MCI,but was not during dementia.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of Femoral Artery Compression-Related Skin Complications Around the Puncture Site(FACR-SCAPS)in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)undergoing transarterial chemoembolization(TACE).Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling.A total of 1 573 HCC patients who underwent TACE between April 2023 and October 2024 were recruited from interventional radiology departments,oncology units,and specialized centers across 10 hospitals in Beijing,Tianjin,Shandong,Hebei,Qinghai,and Inner Mongolia.Descriptive statistics,univariate analysis,and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of FACR-SCAPS in this population.Results Among the 1 573 primary HCC patients undergoing TACE interventional therapy,FACR-SCAPS occurred in 28.99％(456/1 573),with a total of 476 complication instances recorded(30.26 per 100 patients).Patients with a single complication accounted for 96.93％,whereas those with multiple complications constituted 3.07％.The most prevalent types of complications were skin erythema,skin ecchymosis,and hard lumps formation,collectively accounting for 96.49％of all complications.Hematoma,blisters,and rupture complications collectively accounted for only 4.61％.Logistic regression analysis revealed that peak diastolic blood pressure during compression(OR=1.024,95％CI:1.013-1.035,P＜0.001),use of rotary compression hemostasis devices(OR=3.220,95％CI:2.120-4.891,P＜0.001),elevated PT-INR(OR=19.630,95％CI:6.039-63.810,P＜0.001),and anticoagulant use within the last three months(OR=1.909,95％CI:1.064-3.427,P=0.030)were significant influencing factors associated with FACR-SCAPS post-TACE.Conclusion FACR-SCAPS is commonly seen among primary HCC patients after TACE,its risk factors include peak diastolic blood pressure during compression,use of rotary compression devices,elevated PT-INR,and recent anticoagulant use.

Objective To observe the correlation between cortical thickness and pathological deposition of β-amyloid(Aβ)in patients with Alzheimer disease(AD)induced mild cognitive impairment(MCI)or dementia.Methods Totally 22 AD patients were prospectively enrolled and divided into dementia group(n=12)and MCI group(n=10)based on the degree of cognitive impairment,while 17 healthy individuals without cognitive impairment were recruited as control group.MR examination and 18F-florbutaben(18F-FBB)PET imaging were performed,the cortical thickness and Aβ deposition value(Centiloid[CL]value)were calculated and compared among 3 groups and between each 2 groups,then the correlation between the above two indexes was analyzed.Results The cortical thickness in dementia group,MCI group and control group was(2.18±0.14),(2.35±0.08)and(2.36±0.09)mm,respectively,with significant difference among 3 groups(P＜0.05).The cortical thickness in dementia group was significantly thinner than that in MCI group and control group(both P＜0.05).CL value in dementia group,MCI group and control group was 77.97(63.07,95.55),65.51(54.54,90.50)and-1.17(-9.66,4.88),respectively,with significant difference among 3 groups(P＜0.05).CL value in dementia group and MCI group were significantly higher than in control group(both P＜0.05).The cortical thickness was moderately negatively correlated with CL value in MCI group(r=-0.580,P=0.048)but not in the other 2 groups(both P＞0.05).Conclusion The cortical thickness was moderately negatively correlated with abnormal deposition of Aβ in patients with AD induced MCI,but was not during dementia.

Objective:To investigate the potential value of cerebral glucose metabolism characteristics in anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) antibody-related encephalitic patients during acute phase as the clinical indicator of disease outcomes.Methods:From October 2019 to December 2023, 28 patients (18 males, 10 females; age (56.6±11.9) year) with anti-LGI1 antibody-related encephalitis diagnosed at Huashan Hospital, Fudan University were prospectively enrolled. All patients received baseline brain 18F-FDG PET imaging and were divided into different subgroups according to the prognosis (good prognosis and poor prognosis groups) and recurrence (recurrence and non-recurrence groups) after follow-up. The difference of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score between the two groups was compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis was used to analyze the PET images of different groups by independent-sample t test, and the characteristics of cerebral glucose metabolism of patients with different outcomes were obtained. Results:MoCA scores between the recurrence group ( n=6) and the non-recurrence group ( n=22; 14.0(9.8, 20.5) vs 22.0(18.0, 24.0); Z=2.17, P=0.030), and between the poor prognosis group ( n=13) and the good prognosis group ( n=15; 14.0(10.0, 22.0) vs 22.0(19.8, 25.3); Z=2.47, P=0.013) were significantly different. Compared with the good prognosis group, the cerebral glucose metabolism in the poor prognosis group was decreased in the bilateral frontal lobe, lateral temporal lobe, inferior parietal lobule and cingulate gyrus, but increased in the brainstem, bilateral lentiform nucleus and bilateral paracentral lobule/postcentral gyrus (all t=1.71, all P<0.05). Compared with the non-recurrence group, the metabolism of bilateral medial frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, bilateral insula, superior temporal gyrus and thalamus decreased in the recurrence group, while the metabolism of bilateral precentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral lentiform nucleus increased (all t=1.71, all P<0.05). Conclusion:18F-FDG PET imaging reveals the differences in brain metabolism of anti-LGI1 antibody-related encephalitic patients at baseline with different outcomes (prognosis, recurrence or not), which can provide a new perspective for the clinical evaluation of the disease at baseline.

Purpose To investigate the characteristics of 18F-Florbetaben(18F-FBB)β-amyloid(Aβ)PET imaging in different brain regions of Alzheimer's disease(AD)patients with different degrees of cognitive impairment,and to explore the correlation between Aβ deposition and cognitive dysfunction.Materials and Methods A total of eighteen patients with a clinical diagnosis of probable AD from August 2022 to October 2023 were retrospectively included in Huashan Hospital.All patients had Aβ abnormal deposition in the brain as confirmed by 18F-FBB PET imaging.According to the severity of symptoms,they were divided into the AD-induced mild cognitive impairment(MCI)group(8 cases)and the dementia group(10 cases).In addition,12 healthy controls were included.First,the standardized uptake value ratio of abnormal Aβ deposition in the frontal lobe,lateral parietal lobe,lateral temporal lobe,anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus,and compound cortex was semi-quantitatively calculated and compared among the three groups based on the subjects'brain MRI and automated anatomical labeling template.The correlation between the degree of Aβ deposition in the brains of AD patients and cognitive scale scores(mini-mental state examination,Montreal cognitive assessment)was then further analyzed.Results The standardized uptake value ratio values of Aβabnormal deposition in the frontal lobe,lateral temporal lobe,lateral parietal lobe,anterior and posterior cingulate cortex and compound cortex in the AD-induced MCI and dementia groups were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls(t=7.442-9.151,all P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the standardized uptake value ratio values of Aβ abnormal deposition in the above brain regions between the MCI and dementia groups(t=0.312-0.996,all P＞0.05).In addition,there was no significant correlation between the degree of Aβ deposition in the brain and the cognitive scale scores(mini-mental state examination,Montreal cognitive assessment)in the AD-induced MCI and dementia groups(r=-0.049-0.050,all P＞0.05).Conclusion Aβ deposition in the brains of AD-induced MCI and dementia is significantly higher than in the healthy controls.However,Aβ deposition cannot identify AD patients with different degrees of cognitive impairment,reflecting that Aβ deposition has certain limitations in assessing the severity of clinical symptoms of AD.

Objective:To perform harmonization based on the ComBat method for PET brain imaging scanned by different types of scanners from the same manufacturer and explored its effect on center effect.Methods:The three-dimensional (3D) Hoffman brain model was scanned by two different PET/CT instruments (Siemens Biograph64 TruePoint and Biograph128 mCT). Fourteen healthy subjects (8 males, 6 females, age: (57.7±9.5) years) underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT on Siemens Biograph64 TruePoint and 12 healthy subjects (9 males, 3 females, age: (55.8±10.5) years) underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT on Siemens Biograph128 mCT (all from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; from November 2020 to March 2023). The whole brain was divided into 116 brain regions based on the anatomical automatic labeling (AAL) brain template. The ComBat method was applied to harmonized the PET data from brain model and healthy subjects. Mann-Whitney U test was performed on the radioactive counts and SUV ratios (SUVR) before and after homogenization acquired by both PET/CT instruments. Voxel-based statistical parametric mapping (SPM) independent-sample t test was also performed on data of healthy subjects. Results:In 3D Hoffman brain model, radioactivity counts (5 590.33(4 961.67, 6 102.95) vs 6 116.03(5 420.97, 6 660.66); z=-9.35, P<0.001) and SUVR (1.35(1.19, 1.47) vs 1.37(1.21, 1.49); z=-3.63, P<0.001) were significantly different between the two PET/CT scanners before harmonization and not after harmonization (radioactivity counts: 5 845.95(5 192.68, 6 378.63) vs 5 859.17(5 193.84, 6 380.52); SUVR: 1.35(1.20, 1.48) vs 1.36(1.20, 1.49); both z=-0.68, both P=0.498). In the healthy subjects, radioactive counts in 19 brain regions (12 422.78(11 181.60, 13 424.28)-18 166.40(15 882.80, 18 666.27); z values: from -3.24 to -2.06, all P<0.05) and SUVR in 40 brain regions (1.46(1.41, 1.52)-2.28(2.16, 2.36); z values: from -3.65 to -1.70, all P<0.05) were significantly different between the two scanners before harmonization, while after homogenization there were no statistical differences for all 116 brain regions (radioactivity counts: 9 243.55(8 502.38, 9 854.87)-20 419.60(19 931.51, 21 179.43); z values: from -0.72 to 0, all P>0.05; SUVR: 1.04(1.01, 1.09)-2.32(2.24, 2.40); z values: from -0.82 to 0, all P>0.05). SPM showed that significant differences of glucose metabolism in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, midbrain and cerebellum were found in healthy subjects between the two PET/CT scanners before homogenization, and brain regions with obvious differences reduced after homogenization. Conclusion:ComBat harmonization method is efficient at removing the center effect among different types of PET/CT scanners from the same manufacturer and may provide a simple and easy-to-implement homogenization for multicenter brain imaging studies.

Objective:To establish standard spatial brain template and ROIs template of 11C-methyl- N-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (CFT) PET images for automated quantitative analysis of dopamine transporter (DAT) distribution. Methods:From May 2014 to December 2015, 11C-CFT PET and MRI T 1 brain images of 16 healthy volunteers (3 males, 13 females; age (63.3±6.9) years) from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University were co-registered and smoothed using statistical parametric mapping(SPM)5 software based on MATLAB to create a standard spatial brain template. The ROIs template was established by ScAnVp procedures. These templates were clinically verified by using 11C-CFT PET images of 37 healthy volunteers (23 males, 14 females; age (61.7±7.1) years), 32 Parkinson′s disease (PD) patients (20 males, 12 females; age (61.1±5.4) years), 10 multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P) patients (7 males, 3 females; age (60.8±7.1) years) and 10 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients (5 males, 5 females; age (58.4±6.1) years) from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University between January 2014 and March 2019. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze data. Results:Based on the 11C-CFT PET images and MRI T 1 images of healthy volunteers, a standard spatial brain template for normalization of 11C-CFT PET images was created. The ROIs template was established including seven regions: bilateral caudate, anterior putamen, posterior putamen (along the long axis) and the occipital cortex. The ROIs template was accurately aligned in each verification group. The normal reference values of semi-quantitative DAT distribution in caudate, anterior putamen and posterior putamen were obtained (1.84±0.13, 2.18±0.16, 1.77±0.11). The semi-quantitative values of 11C-CFT uptake in each ROI in patients were significantly lower than those in healthy volunteers ( F values: 49.79-283.83, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The established brain templates with accurate spatial alignment for 11C-CFT image analysis can provide foundational tools for the application of 11C-CFT PET imaging in clinical practice and scientific research.