Objective To investigate the effects of implant length,diameter,and abutment angle on bone stress distributions around maxillary central incisors,and determine the optimal parameter combination.Methods A three-dimensional(3D)model of the maxilla was reconstructed based on CBCT data.Using an orthogonal table,a total of 16 dental implant 3D models were established,varying in length,diameter,and abutment angle.These models were assembled with the maxillary and rigid-body models.Finite element analysis was performed using the transient dynamics module of ANSYS.Orthogonal experiments and one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)were conducted on the obtained stress data.Results The implant diameter showed a statistically significant effect on the maximum von Mises stress in cortical bone(P=0.010),while implant length(P=0.229)and abutment angle(P=0.844)did not demonstrate a statistical significance.The optimal parameter combination for cortical bone stress was 5.0 mm implant diameter,12 mm implant length,and 0° abutment angle.In cancellous bone,implant length(P=0.001),diameter(P=0.011),and abutment angle(P=0.013)all had statistically significant effects on the maximum von Mises stress.The optimal parameter combination for cancellous bone stress was 14 mm implant length,5.0 mm implant diameter,and 5° abutment angle.Conclusions Implant diameter significantly affects the stress of both cortical and cancellous bone.Clinically,a larger diameter should be preferred to reduce the stress peak.Implant length is the next most important factor,while abutment angle has the least effect.

Objective To construct a swallowing dynamic model for simulating dysphagia caused by reduced tongue movement am-plitude.Methods A swallowing dynamic model was established based on medical imaging data from CT and videofluoroscopic swallowing study(VFSS).The finite element method was used to simulate soft tissues,while the smoothed parti-cle hydrodynamics method(SPH)was used to simulate bolus.The model's posture at each time point was com-pared with the imaging data of VFSS from twelve patients with dysphagia,and a normalization method was used for quantitative evaluation of the model's validity.By adjusting the tongue movement amplitude under different viscosity conditions,the role of tongue movement in the swallowing process was investigated,and the swallow-ing safety and efficiency were assessed.Results The tongue posture and bolus trajectory presented by the swallowing dynamic model were consistent with the VFSS imaging.The brightness in the epiglottis area in VFSS images correlated with the equivalent brightness of SPH particles in the simulation results(r=0.97).As the tongue movement amplitude reducing by 20%,the num-ber of aspirated particles,swallowing efficiency and the average velocity of bolus particles in the oropharyngeal cavity all performed well.Pudding-like fluids exhibited favorable swallowing characteristics even when tongue movement amplitude reducing significantly.Conclusion The swallowing dynamic model can simulate the human swallowing process,providing good support for re-habilitation training of patients with dysphagia and the development of specialized medical foods,demonstrating significant potential for clinical applications.

Objective To construct a swallowing dynamic model for simulating dysphagia caused by reduced tongue movement am-plitude.Methods A swallowing dynamic model was established based on medical imaging data from CT and videofluoroscopic swallowing study(VFSS).The finite element method was used to simulate soft tissues,while the smoothed parti-cle hydrodynamics method(SPH)was used to simulate bolus.The model's posture at each time point was com-pared with the imaging data of VFSS from twelve patients with dysphagia,and a normalization method was used for quantitative evaluation of the model's validity.By adjusting the tongue movement amplitude under different viscosity conditions,the role of tongue movement in the swallowing process was investigated,and the swallow-ing safety and efficiency were assessed.Results The tongue posture and bolus trajectory presented by the swallowing dynamic model were consistent with the VFSS imaging.The brightness in the epiglottis area in VFSS images correlated with the equivalent brightness of SPH particles in the simulation results(r=0.97).As the tongue movement amplitude reducing by 20%,the num-ber of aspirated particles,swallowing efficiency and the average velocity of bolus particles in the oropharyngeal cavity all performed well.Pudding-like fluids exhibited favorable swallowing characteristics even when tongue movement amplitude reducing significantly.Conclusion The swallowing dynamic model can simulate the human swallowing process,providing good support for re-habilitation training of patients with dysphagia and the development of specialized medical foods,demonstrating significant potential for clinical applications.

Objective To investigate the effects of implant length,diameter,and abutment angle on bone stress distributions around maxillary central incisors,and determine the optimal parameter combination.Methods A three-dimensional(3D)model of the maxilla was reconstructed based on CBCT data.Using an orthogonal table,a total of 16 dental implant 3D models were established,varying in length,diameter,and abutment angle.These models were assembled with the maxillary and rigid-body models.Finite element analysis was performed using the transient dynamics module of ANSYS.Orthogonal experiments and one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)were conducted on the obtained stress data.Results The implant diameter showed a statistically significant effect on the maximum von Mises stress in cortical bone(P=0.010),while implant length(P=0.229)and abutment angle(P=0.844)did not demonstrate a statistical significance.The optimal parameter combination for cortical bone stress was 5.0 mm implant diameter,12 mm implant length,and 0° abutment angle.In cancellous bone,implant length(P=0.001),diameter(P=0.011),and abutment angle(P=0.013)all had statistically significant effects on the maximum von Mises stress.The optimal parameter combination for cancellous bone stress was 14 mm implant length,5.0 mm implant diameter,and 5° abutment angle.Conclusions Implant diameter significantly affects the stress of both cortical and cancellous bone.Clinically,a larger diameter should be preferred to reduce the stress peak.Implant length is the next most important factor,while abutment angle has the least effect.

Liver cancer has a high degree of malignancy, and many oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes play an important regulatory role in the development and progression of liver cancer. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process in which epithelial cells transform into mesenchymal cells, which can increase the migration and invasion abilities of tumor cells. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate EMT process in various ways. This article reviews the research advances in the main biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of EMT-related lncRNAs in liver cancer.

Objective To study the association between statins use and liver-injury through prescription sequence symmetry analysis (PSSA) and evaluate the feasibility of the method to be used in Chinese Medical Insurance Database.Methods The data of the patients who prescribed both statins and liver-proactive drugs in Chinese Basic Medical Insurance Database in 2013 were selected as study subjects to calculate the adjusted sequence ratio (ASR) with signal detection methods to determine the study parameters and investigate the potential association between statins use and liver-injury.Results In 5 649 individuals which met the inclusion criteria,the washout period was set as one month and interval period was set as 60 days.The overall ASR of statins was 1.471(95％CI:1.395-1.550),the ASR of atorvastatin was 1.419 (95％CI:1.335-1.508),the ASR of simvastatin was 1.307 (95％CI:1.164-1.467).The positive signal was strong in 30 days interval period.Conclusions PSSA indicated that there might be potential association between statins use and liver-injury,especially the uses of atorvastatin and simvastatin.This signal detection method may be a fast and effective method in drug safety evaluation and can be used in Chinese Medical Insurance Database.

Objective:To understand the impact of adjusting national drug reimbursement list(NDRL) have on the benefits of patient covered by Basic Health Insurance ( BHI ) , medical insurance fund expenditure and specific drug marketing . Methods: Based on the survey data of medical service utilization situation of national inpatients participated BHI, to summarize and analyze the change of drug usage from 2009 to 2011. Results: In 2011, the drug expense of the national inpatient covered by BHI is approximately 132.7 billion yuan, increased by 37% compared to that of 2009; among which, the expense of entry drug accounts for about 76% out of the total drug use. In 2011, new increased expense on drug use is 13.5 billion, which increased to 98% compared to that of 2009. Conclusion:Adjustment of NDRL had little effect on total drug expenses increasing, but lead changes of the drug expense structure; and expense on some new entry drugs increased obviously. The focus of future adjustment of NRDL could gradually transfer from guaranteeing on basic medicine use to the promotion on clinical rational drug use.

Objective To explore the use of gastroscopy and CT for staging and clinical guiding to the surgical therapy of advanced gastric cancer.Methods The preoperative gastroscopic and CT classification and the results of operative classfication of 182 cases of advanced gastric carcinoma were compared.Results The resection rate for low and undifferentiated adenocarcinoma and mucinous carcinoma on gastroscopic biopsy was low(64.1%),and the rate for diffuse infiltrative gastric carcinoma(6.7%)was significantly lower than that of mass tumor type(66.7%)and ulcerative type(61.8%).The total accuracy rate of CT staging was 91.21%.Sensitivity rate of CT diagnosis of perigastric invasion and/or metastasis was 72.22%.For lymph node staging the accuracy rate of CT was 74.2%,sensitivity rate was 74.1% and specificity rate was 74.3%.CT diagnosis of lymph node groups was blur.Conclusions Gastroscopy has an unreplaceable role in the final diagnosis of advanced gastric cancer and has significance for gross tumor grading,histologic biopsy diagnosis can be as a guide to dicide the treatment modality of advanced gastric cancer.CT has high degree of value for accuracy of clinical staging,and diagnosis of invasion of adjacent organs and lymph node metastasis.CT is superior to gastroscopy for judgement of resectability.Therefore,preoperative CT is a valuable guide for surgical treatment of advanced gastric cancer.