The liver is closely associated with inflammation and the redox response， and inflammation is the body's innate defense system for clearing away harmful stimuli and participating in the liver's wound-healing response.Oxidative stress is associated with the activation of inflammatory pathways， and sustained inflammation and the corresponding regenerative wound healing response can induce fibrosis， cirrhosis， progression to end-stage liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma， and ultimately death.Some "medicine and food homology" traditional Chinese medicine has been used in clinical effect， showing the ability to protect the liver.This paper reviewed the relationship between liver and oxidative stress response and inflammation response， and sorted out 110 "medicine and food same origin" traditional Chinese medicines based on the Chinese Pharmacopoeia（2020 edition） and the Chinese materia medica.The results showed that common floweringqince fruit， licorice root， cassia seed， emblic，seabuckthorn fruit，Chinese date， honeysuckle， ginger， cape jasmine fruit， platycodon root， lotus leaf， dandelion， reed root， honey， mountain honeysuckle， milkvetch root， glossy ganoderma， Gastrodia gastrodia and eucommia leaf were recorded to have liver protection effects.The liver protection mechanism is mainly anti-inflammatory， antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibition. Some Chinese herbs can also play a liver protection role by inhibiting the growth of hepatitis virus and liver cancer cells and regulating bile acid metabolism.In addition， the biological mechanism of its liver protection effect through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in animal experiments was analyzed， and it was found that it plays a role through multiple pathways and multiple targets， providing new ideas for the role of "medicine and food homology" traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment strategy of liver diseases.

The liver is closely associated with inflammation and the redox response， and inflammation is the body's innate defense system for clearing away harmful stimuli and participating in the liver's wound-healing response.Oxidative stress is associated with the activation of inflammatory pathways， and sustained inflammation and the corresponding regenerative wound healing response can induce fibrosis， cirrhosis， progression to end-stage liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma， and ultimately death.Some "medicine and food homology" traditional Chinese medicine has been used in clinical effect， showing the ability to protect the liver.This paper reviewed the relationship between liver and oxidative stress response and inflammation response， and sorted out 110 "medicine and food same origin" traditional Chinese medicines based on the Chinese Pharmacopoeia（2020 edition） and the Chinese materia medica.The results showed that common floweringqince fruit， licorice root， cassia seed， emblic，seabuckthorn fruit，Chinese date， honeysuckle， ginger， cape jasmine fruit， platycodon root， lotus leaf， dandelion， reed root， honey， mountain honeysuckle， milkvetch root， glossy ganoderma， Gastrodia gastrodia and eucommia leaf were recorded to have liver protection effects.The liver protection mechanism is mainly anti-inflammatory， antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibition. Some Chinese herbs can also play a liver protection role by inhibiting the growth of hepatitis virus and liver cancer cells and regulating bile acid metabolism.In addition， the biological mechanism of its liver protection effect through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in animal experiments was analyzed， and it was found that it plays a role through multiple pathways and multiple targets， providing new ideas for the role of "medicine and food homology" traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment strategy of liver diseases.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the relationship of exposure to five heavy metals, namely lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury and aluminum with obesity in children and adolescents, so as to provide a scientific basis for subsequent research in the area. Methods: Four Chinese databasesc (CBM, VIP, CNKI and Wanfang) and four foreign databases (OVID, PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO), were searched to collect relevant studies, and the search period was from the establishment of the database to May 5, 2024. After 2 investigators independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies, the results were analyzed quantitatively and summarized qualitatively. Results: A total of 5 cohort studies on lead exposure and 17 cross sectional studies involving exposure to lead ( n =13), cadmium ( n =8), mercury ( n =8), arsenic ( n =4), and aluminum ( n =1) were included. Meta analysis of the 2 cohort studies showed that lead exposure was not associated with the risk of overweight and obesity in children ( RR=0.76, 95%CI=0.50-1.16, P ＞0.05). The cross sectional study Meta-analysis results showed that lead exposure was negatively associated with the risk of childhood overweight ( OR=0.70, 95%CI =0.59-0.84, 2 studies) and obesity ( OR=0.71, 95%CI =0.58-0.87, 3 studies); cadmium exposure was negatively associated with the risk of childhood overweight ( OR=0.83, 95%CI =0.73-0.95, 2 studies) and obesity risk( OR=0.70, 95%CI =0.63-0.78, 3 studies); mercury exposure increased the risk of overweight/obesity ( OR=1.42, 95%CI =1.14-1.76, 2 studies) and abdominal obesity ( OR= 1.99, 95%CI =1.45-2.73, 2 studies) in children; the group with the highest concentration of arsenic in urine had a lower risk of developing obesity compared to the group with the lowest concentration ( OR=0.39, 95%CI =0.23-0.65, 1 study), and the group with the highest concentration of aluminum in urine had a lower risk of obesity compared with the group with the lowest concentration ( OR=0.52, 95%CI =0.31-0.86, 1 study)(all P <0.05). Conclusion Heavy metal exposure may be a risk factor for overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, but the conclusions are inconsistent and need to be validated in further high quality prospective cohort studies.

Objective:To explore the perceived stress and coping experience of spouses of elderly people with long-term disability and empty nest.Methods:Using phenomenological research methods, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 spouses of disabled elderly people in a community in Beijing from February to June 2023, and data analysis was conducted using Colaizzi's 7-step analysis method.Results:The perceived stress and coping experience of spouses of long-term disabled empty nest elderly people were summarized into three themes and ten sub-themes, namely, the dynamic and variable stress perception of spouses (stress changed synchronously with the state of disabled elderly people, stress changed in a "U" shape, and pressure increased in a progressive manner), the challenges for spouses in long-term care of disabled elderly people (difficult in unifying opinions and views, incomprehensible inner emotions, difficulty in ensuring their elderly care, and coexistence of multiple roles and identities) and positive coping experiences and strategies of spouses (actively seeking external support, respecting the subjective wishes of disabled elderly people, and improving dyadic coping abilities) .Conclusions:Community nursing staff should support and guide spouses who undertake care work based on changes in perceived stress characteristics of long-term disabled empty nest elderly people. At the same time, it is necessary to understand the various challenges they face in long-term care, draw on positive coping experiences of spouses, so as to provide a basis for building a friendly family support system for home-based elderly care.

Objective:To analyze the research status, hotspots, and trends in dental implant nursing based on bibliometrics and knowledge graph.Methods:Literature on dental implant nursing was searched in the Web of Science Core Collection. The search period was from January 1, 2001, to September 1, 2023. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software was used to analyze publication volume, country, institution, keywords, and so on.Results:A total of 1 832 articles on dental implant nursing were obtained, and the number of publications on dental implant nursing increased yearly from 2001 to 2023. The country, institution, author, and journal with the highest number of publications were the United States (576), the University of Bern (73), Sorsa (17), and Clinical Oral Implants Research (75). The main research hotspots in dental implant nursing were the nursing of peri-implantitis and the classification management of risk factors. Conclusions:The research on dental implant nursing is increasingly receiving attention. Researchers, institutions, and different disciplines in related fields should strengthen cooperation.

Objective:To develop a virtual reality (VR) exercise rehabilitation system for home-based patients with spinal cord injury, and test patients' acceptance and experience.Methods:The VR exercise rehabilitation system for home-based patients with spinal cord injury was developed by a multidisciplinary team based on the home rehabilitation needs, evidence, and clinical experience of spinal cord injury patients, and further improved after recommendations from experts and patients. From February to July 2024, convenience sampling was used to select 148 patients with spinal cord injuries admitted to the Department of Spinal Cord and Neurological Function Reconstruction at the China Rehabilitation Research Center. Acceptance Questionnaire was used to investigate patients' acceptance of the system. Thirteen patients with spinal cord injuries were selected for semi-structured interviews to explore the themes of their experiences using VR exercise rehabilitation system for home-based patients with spinal cord injury.Results:A VR exercise rehabilitation system for home-based patients with spinal cord injury was developed, which includes four aspects of personal profile, personal assessment, training selection, and care knowledge. The total acceptance score of this system among 148 patients was (87.69±1.59). Through semi-structured interviews, three themes were identified involving excellent experience, expectation of rehabilitation effects, satisfaction with functionality and hope for continuous system updates.Conclusions:The design of VR exercise rehabilitation system for home-based patients with spinal cord injury is scientifically reasonable, which can further verify the rehabilitation effect of the system.

Objective To explore syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and medication rules of functional dyspepsia,and to provide reference for modern TCM clinical treatment.Methods The clinical research literature on the treatment of functional dyspepsia with TCM were searched from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed and Web of Science databases,TCM compounds were collected and database was established.Excel 2019,Clementine 12.0 and SPSS 21.0 were used for frequency analysis of TCM syndrome types,drug frequency,efficacy classifications,properties,tastes,and meridian tropisms of functional dyspepsia,and association rule analysis,factor analysis and cluster analysis were performed on high-frequency drugs.Results A total of 428 articles were included,and 442 prescriptions were extracted,involving 225 Chinese medicines and 24 high-frequency drugs,among which Codonopsis Radix,Poria,Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and Bupleuri Radix were most frequently used.Tonic deficiency drugs and regulating qi drugs were the most common efficacy categories.The property was mainly warm,the tastes were mainly bitter,pungent and sweet,most of which belonged to spleen,lung and stomach meridians.Twenty drug combinations were obtained by association rule analysis,nine common factors were extracted by factor analysis,and drugs could be divided into four categories by cluster analysis.Functional dyspepsia with the liver-stomach disharmony is the most common syndrome.Twelve drug combinations were obtained by association rule analysis,three common factors were extracted by factor analysis,and drugs could be divided into two categories by cluster analysis.Conclusion The clinical treatment of functional dyspepsia in TCM is mainly to replenish qi and invigorate spleen,dredge liver and promote qi,replenish deficiency with sweet and warm drugs,disperse pungent and descend bitter,which were compatible with drugs for resolving dampness,relieving external symptoms and clearing heat according to syndrome differentiation.

Objective To summarize the existing animal models of cholelithiasis,and to explore a pathological model that can better reflect the characteristics of clinical syndromes of traditional Chinese and western medicine and meet the needs of the development of clinical and basic research of traditional Chinese medicine. Methods The animal models for experimental research on cholelithiasis at home and abroad were collected and sorted out by searching CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed and other databases. The animal types,modeling methods,modeling cycles,detection indicators and positive drugs of the models were statistically analyzed. Results Among the 128 articles included,the animal types of cholelithiasis models were mainly guinea pigs,rabbits and C57BL/6J mice. The most used modeling method is high-fat diet,and the feeding cycle takes eight weeks to complete. High-frequency detection indicators were stone formation rate,total cholesterol,phospholipids,total bilirubin,total bile acid,etc. The commonly used intervention methods are traditional Chinese medicine compound,western medicine and single Chinese medicine or extract. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is mainly used for western medicine intervention,whereas the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine mainly includes traditional Chinese medicine compound,acupuncture,exercise,diet and other methods. The positive control drug in the experiment was mostly UDCA. Conclusion With the continuous improvement and development of cholelithiasis animal model,there are many kinds of modeling methods to simulate the clinical manifestations of cholelithiasis in Chinese and western medicine,but there are also some limitations. This paper aims to provide reference for the selection,application and improvement of cholelithiasis model through data mining and characteristic analysis.

Objective To analyze the stress distributions of two root canal preparation shapes of oval root canals with micro-crack.Methods Twenty single-canal mandibular premolars with oval canals were expanded to create micro-cracks.Roots were sectioned after staining.The generation and distribution of dentin micro-cracks were observed under microscope.Then a finite element(FE)model of sectioned enlarged oval canal roots with micro-cracks was established.The stress distribution of micro-crack and root were analyzed under lateral loading.Results Cracks always appeared in the buccolingual sides of oval canal roots and extended from the intracanal wall to the root surface.This was consistent with the stress concentration on the buccolingual side of the root canal wall shown by FE analysis.When micro-cracks occurred,stresses were transferred to the crack tip and the peak values increased sharply nearly 5 times.This made the cracks propagate easily along this direction,especially in the long axis direction of the tooth.Conclusions The presence of micro-cracks does not change the general stress concentration on root with two preparation morphologies of oval canals.However,the micro-crack causes an extreme stress concentration in the crack tip.This may be the mechanism of rapid propagation of microcracks into vertical root fracture,and dentists need to pay high attention.

Saponins are widely found in various Chinese medicines such as Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma， and Bupleuri Radix. They possess multiple biological activities， including anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， antitumor， hepatoprotective， lipid-lowering， and hypoglycemic effects. They play an important role in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as acute lung injury， hyperlipidemia， and diabetic cardiovascular complications， and hold significant research potential and value. Metabolism-related fatty liver disease is a prevalent chronic liver disease characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. According to the "multiple hit" theory， its occurrence is the result of systemic homeostasis disorder， influenced by abnormal lipid metabolism， oxidative stress， inflammation， insulin resistance， mitochondrial dysfunction， and intestinal microbiota. However， there is currently no effective treatment available in clinical practice. Recent studies have found that Chinese herbal saponins can alleviate metabolism-related fatty liver disease through various pathways， including regulating abnormal lipid metabolism， inhibiting inflammatory responses， alleviating oxidative stress， reducing insulin resistance， improving mitochondrial dysfunction， modulating intestinal flora， inhibiting hepatocyte programmed death， regulating liver autophagy， and correcting immune imbalances. Therefore， this review summarized the pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of Chinese herbal saponins in improving metabolism-related fatty liver disease in recent years， aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the clinical application and experimental research of Chinese herbal saponins in the prevention and treatment of metabolism-related fatty liver disease.