Neonatal diabetes mellitus （NDM） is a rare monogenic disorder primarily caused by insufficient insulin secretion resulting from mutations in the KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes. Sulfonylureas， represented by glibenclamide， have become the standard therapy for this type of NDM by precisely closing the mutated ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic β cells， thereby restoring insulin secretion. Clinical studies confirm that sulfonylureas enable over 90% of patients to successfully transition from insulin to oral treatment， achieving long-term stable glycemic control and improving neurological outcomes to a certain extent. In terms of safety， severe hypoglycemia induced by sulfonylureas is relatively rare and gastrointestinal reactions are mild； moreover， sulfonylureas show good long-term tolerability， and have no adverse effects on child growth and development. In the future， by further refining the full-chain management pathway of “rapid genetic diagnosis-early intervention-specialized dosage forms-long-term follow-up”， the clinical application of sulfonylureas is expected to provide NDM patients with an optimized treatment regimen and maximize their health benefits.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） is a malignant tumor originating from the mucosal epithelium of the nasopharynx. In recent years， its incidence and mortality rates have shown a continuous upward trend， and there is still a lack of therapeutic regimens with both favorable efficacy and safety in clinical practice. Mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway plays a key regulatory role in biological processes such as cell proliferation， differentiation， apoptosis and invasion. It is widely involved in the occurrence and progression of NPC， and serves as an important target in the research field of anti-NPC therapy. This article systematically elaborates on the mechanism of action of the MAPK signaling pathway in NPC， and reviews the research status regarding the anti-NPC effect of active components of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and TCM compound prescriptions by regulating this signaling pathway. The results show that TCM active components， including flavonoids （luteolin， maackiain， baicalein， etc.）， alkaloids （picrasidine Ⅰ， tetrandrine， etc.）， terpenoids （bakuchiol， cantharidic acid）， as well as traditional Chinese medicine compound formulas （such as Biyan jiedu capsules and Yiqi jiedu formula） can exert effects including inducing autophagy and apoptosis of NPC cells， promoting pyroptosis， reversing drug resistance， blocking epithelial-mesenchymal transition， weakening cell stemness and arresting cell cycle progression by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway， thereby inhibiting the occurrence and development of NPC through multiple pathways.

Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of refractory nephrotic syndrome （RNS） in children. The first- generation rituximab is the most widely used in clinical practice； it shows definite efficacy in children with RNS， is recommended by guidelines， particularly for achieving a high remission rate in minimal change nephrosis， and can significantly reduce the cumulative use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants. The second-generation ofatumumab has potential as an alternative treatment for patients who are intolerant or resistant to rituximab， while the third-generation obinutuzumab has shown efficacy in complex cases such as rituximab resistance or post-transplant recurrence. However， there is still controversy regarding the optimization of rituximab treatment dosage and whether ofatumumab and obinutuzumab offer greater advantages than rituximab for the treatment of RNS in children. The most common adverse reaction induced by anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies is infusion reactions， and long-term adverse events mainly include increased risks of sustained immunosuppression and infections. Rituximab has significant economic advantages for the treatment of RNS， but additional pharmacoeconomic research based on China’s healthcare environment is needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of ofatumumab and obinutuzumab in this population. Given that the current use of ofatumumab and obinutuzumab in this field is considered off-label use， clinical application should only proceed after a rigorous evaluation of the patient’s benefits and risks.

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of psychological distress associated with weight loss among young and middle-aged adults with obesity,so as to provide a theoretical basis for developing personalized interventions and improving psychological well-being.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select young and middle-aged obese patients who visited the weight management clinic of a Grade A tertiary hospital in Jiangxi Province from October 2024 to May 2025.Data were collected using a general information questionnaire,the distress thermometer,the perceived social support scale,the brief illness perception questionnaire,and the simplified coping style questionnaire.Binary logistic regression was applied to identify factors influencing psychological distress.Results A total of 204 valid questionnaires were collected.The detection rate of significant psychological distress was 58.82%(120 cases).Regarding weight loss methods,32.84%of participants opted for medication.The top five issues reported on the psychological distress problem list were:appearance/body image,work/studies,lack of time/energy to care for elderly parents or children,bathing/dressing,and relationship with a partner.Binary logistic regression indicated that age,body mass index,waist circumference,history of chronic disease,perceived social support,illness perception,and negative coping style were significant influencing factors of psychological distress(P﹤0.05).Conclusions The rate of significant psychological distress is relatively high among young and middle-aged obese patients and is influenced by multiple factors.Medical staff may develop personalized interventions based on these factors to reduce the incidence of psychological distress.

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of psychological distress associated with weight loss among young and middle-aged adults with obesity,so as to provide a theoretical basis for developing personalized interventions and improving psychological well-being.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select young and middle-aged obese patients who visited the weight management clinic of a Grade A tertiary hospital in Jiangxi Province from October 2024 to May 2025.Data were collected using a general information questionnaire,the distress thermometer,the perceived social support scale,the brief illness perception questionnaire,and the simplified coping style questionnaire.Binary logistic regression was applied to identify factors influencing psychological distress.Results A total of 204 valid questionnaires were collected.The detection rate of significant psychological distress was 58.82%(120 cases).Regarding weight loss methods,32.84%of participants opted for medication.The top five issues reported on the psychological distress problem list were:appearance/body image,work/studies,lack of time/energy to care for elderly parents or children,bathing/dressing,and relationship with a partner.Binary logistic regression indicated that age,body mass index,waist circumference,history of chronic disease,perceived social support,illness perception,and negative coping style were significant influencing factors of psychological distress(P﹤0.05).Conclusions The rate of significant psychological distress is relatively high among young and middle-aged obese patients and is influenced by multiple factors.Medical staff may develop personalized interventions based on these factors to reduce the incidence of psychological distress.

Objective:To investigate the effects of brace masks on controlling facial hypertrophic scars. Method:Totally 63 patients with 286 post-bum facial hypertrophic scars samples were recruited for the study.And they were divided into the brace mask group with 28 cases(152 scars),cloth mask group with 26 cases(100 scars),and control group with 9 cases(34 scars).Patients in the brace mask group and cloth mask group received eight weeks of pressure therapy,while the control group did not receive pressure therapy interven-tion.Pre-and post-treatment,chromatography was used to evaluate the scar color(lightness,redness and yel-lowness).An ultrasonic measuring instrument was used to evaluate the scar thickness.The Vancouver scar scale(VSS)was used.Patient satisfaction with eight weeks of treatment was evaluated with satisfaction scale. Result:①Pre-and post-treatment comparison:The brightness decreased in control group and increased in mask group(P＜0.001).The redness increased in control group and decreased in mask group(P＜0.001).The thick-ness and VSS score increased in three groups bu more in control group(P=0.001).There was no change in yel-lowness for all the three groups(P=0.981).②compared the two mask groups,there was no significant differ-ence for all parameters(P＞0.05).③satisfaction:the overall satisfaction of the brace mask group and the cloth mask group are 75％and 69.2％respectively.The comfort and appearance satisfaction of the brace mask group is better than the cloth mask group.The price satisfaction of the mask group is lower. Conclusion:For the facial hypertrophic scars,this short-term efficacy study showed that the brace mask and cloth mask could improve the lightness and redness and inhibit the thickness of it.The overall satisfaction of patients is high after using brace masks and cloth masks.

African swine fever(ASF),caused by the African swine fever virus(ASFV),is a highly contagious infectious disease of pigs.This disease has been spread rapidly in China since 2018,po-sing a huge threat to China's pig farming industry.To rapid detect the ASFV,a loop-mediated iso-thermal amplification(LAMP)combined with the disposable nucleic acid visualization test strip was established for visual detection of the nucleic acid of ASFV B646L gene.The method was easy to operate without special instruments and equipment,while it effectively avoided the disadvantage of false positives caused by aerosol contamination.The method was able to detect 1.16 copies/μL of the recombinant plasmid in 50 min at 65 ℃.In addition,the method was specific with no cross-re-action with classical swine fever virus,porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,por-cine parvovirus,transmissible gastroenteritis virus.The results in this study provides a rapid,con-venient,sensitive and reliable method for early diagnosis and screening for ASFV suspected infec-tion cases.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of CT-guided drilling,hematoma aspiration and drainage for senile cerebellar hemorrhage.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 89 very old patients(75-89 years old)with cerebellar hemorrhage admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2022.According to their wishes,different surgical treatments were adopted,and thus they were divided into puncture group(42 cases,CT-guided drilling,aspi-ration and drainage for hematoma)and craniotomy group(47 cases,craniotomy).GCS,preopera-tive hematoma volume,length of ICU stay,postoperative complications,mortality rate and the mRS score in 3 months postoperatively in the survival were compared between the 2 groups.Re-sults There were no significant differences in age,male ratio,GCS score,preoperative hematoma volume,recurrence rate at 24 h postoperatively and mortality rate at 3 months postoperatively be-tween 2 groups(P＞0.05).The puncture group had significantly shorter length of ICU stay(7.10±1.43 dvs 8.87±1.39 d,P=0.000)and lower intracranial infection rate(4.76％vs 19.15％,P=0.040)than the craniotomy group.In 3 months of follow-up after surgery,the rate of good mRS score was higher in the puncture group than the craniotomy group,and the mRS score was lower in the former group than the latter one(P＜0.05).Conclusion CT-guided drilling,aspiration and drainage for hematoma can reduce the infection rate and improve the prognosis,and is an effective approach in the treatment of patients over 75 years old with cerebellar hemorrhage.

Objective To investigate the expression of S100A16 in endometrial adenocarcinoma and its effect on the proliferation,migration and invasion ability of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells.Methods Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the differences in the expression of S100A16 in endometrial adenocarcinoma and normal controls.According to the expression status,all endometrial ade-nocarcinoma patients were divided into S100A16 high-expression group and low-expression group,and then the differences in clinico-pathological characteristics of endometrial adenocarcinoma patients between the two groups were analyzed.S100A16 lentivirus was trans-fected into human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines Ishikawa and HEC-1A cells.CCK-8,Scratch assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the differences in proliferation,migration and invasive ability between the S100A16-shNC group and the S100A16-shR-NA group,respectively.Western blot was performed to detect the expression of proteins related to the epithelial mesenchymal transforma-tion(EMT)pathway protein expression.Results The expression of S100A16 in endometrial adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in normal controls(P＜0.01).High expression of S100A16 was associated with worse pathological grading in patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma(P＜0.05),independent of age,International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage and lymph node metastasis aspects(P＞0.05).The results of CCK-8 assay showed that knockdown of S100A16 protein reduced the pro-liferation ability of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells(P＜0.01).Scratch assay and Transwell assay showed that the migration and inva-sion ability of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells in the S100A16-shNC group was higher than that in the S100A16-shRNA group(P＜0.05).Western blot revealed that E-cadherin expression was up-regulated,N-cadherin and Vimentin expression was down-regula-ted in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells in the S100A16-shRNA group compared with the S100A16-shNC group(P＜0.05).Conclusion S100A16 is highly expressed in endometrial adenocarcinoma tissues and promotes the malignant biological behaviour of en-dometrial adenocarcinoma cells by inducing EMT.

Objective To investigate the expression of S100A16 in endometrial adenocarcinoma and its effect on the proliferation,migration and invasion ability of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells.Methods Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the differences in the expression of S100A16 in endometrial adenocarcinoma and normal controls.According to the expression status,all endometrial ade-nocarcinoma patients were divided into S100A16 high-expression group and low-expression group,and then the differences in clinico-pathological characteristics of endometrial adenocarcinoma patients between the two groups were analyzed.S100A16 lentivirus was trans-fected into human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines Ishikawa and HEC-1A cells.CCK-8,Scratch assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the differences in proliferation,migration and invasive ability between the S100A16-shNC group and the S100A16-shR-NA group,respectively.Western blot was performed to detect the expression of proteins related to the epithelial mesenchymal transforma-tion(EMT)pathway protein expression.Results The expression of S100A16 in endometrial adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in normal controls(P＜0.01).High expression of S100A16 was associated with worse pathological grading in patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma(P＜0.05),independent of age,International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage and lymph node metastasis aspects(P＞0.05).The results of CCK-8 assay showed that knockdown of S100A16 protein reduced the pro-liferation ability of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells(P＜0.01).Scratch assay and Transwell assay showed that the migration and inva-sion ability of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells in the S100A16-shNC group was higher than that in the S100A16-shRNA group(P＜0.05).Western blot revealed that E-cadherin expression was up-regulated,N-cadherin and Vimentin expression was down-regula-ted in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells in the S100A16-shRNA group compared with the S100A16-shNC group(P＜0.05).Conclusion S100A16 is highly expressed in endometrial adenocarcinoma tissues and promotes the malignant biological behaviour of en-dometrial adenocarcinoma cells by inducing EMT.