Aromatic Chinese medicinal essential oils are volatile oils extracted from aromatic Chinese herbs， which can prevent and treat respiratory infectious diseases through multiple synergistic mechanisms including pathogen inhibition， immune regulation， and inflammatory response regulation. Essential oils are primarily used externally on the body to prevent infections and alleviate symptoms through methods like inhalation， smearing， topical application， bathing， gargling or as a suppository. They can also be utilized in the environment for disinfection and air purification， through methods like diffusion， vaporization， or spraying. The external application of essential oils extracted from Chinese aromatic herbs has the advantages of convenience， quick absorption， and simultaneous influence on both the body and mind. However， there are still challenges and deficiencies in aspects such as the positioning of functions， indications， safety， and the research on the mechanism of action. It has been proposed to combine the theory of aromatic Chinese medicinals with the characteristics of essential oils， and formulate prescriptions of Chinese medicinal essential oils under the principles of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation， and prevent and treat respiratory infectious diseases efficiently， accurately， and safely， thereby expanding the clinical application of aromatic Chinese medicinals and the preventive theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors affecting the early diagnosis of ABO-hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (ABO-HDFN) in neonates with maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility, and to develop a risk prediction model and validate its predictive performance, so as to provide a reference for the early diagnosis of neonates with ABO-HDFN in primary hospitals. Methods: A total of 1 229 neonates with maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility suspected of ABO-HDFN, admitted to our hospital between between June 2021 and September 2024, were enrolled. The sample size was calculated by using the events per variable (EPV) method. The cohort was divided into a modeling group (n=860) and a validation group (n=369), and the results and clinical information of laboratory examination indicators were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors affecting the early diagnosis of ABO-HDFN in neonates with maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility. The risk prediction model was developed and internally validated by the Bootstrap method. The goodness-of-fit of the model was evaluated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) test, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive performance of the model. The prediction model was validated by using the validation group data, and the predictive performance of the model was evaluated. Results: Among the 860 neonates with maternal-fetal incompatibility in the modeling group, 346 (346/860, 40.23%) were diagnosed with ABO-HDFN. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified the following as significant risk factors for early diagnosis: the number of postnatal days at specimen collection, maternal type O blood group, parity >1, time of onset for pathologic jaundice, maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility due to A antigen, the level of total bilirubin, and the immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF). A risk prediction model was established, and the calibration degree of the model was validated by the Bootstrap internal validation method, Brier=0.143. The results of H-L test showed that χ =3.464, P=0.902. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.885. The maximum value of the Youden index was 0.611, the sensitivity was 0.832, and the specificity was 0.778. The results of the validation group showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.863, with a sensitivity of 0.875 and specificity of 0.735. Conclusion: The risk prediction model developed based on these risk factors has good predictive performance for ABO-HDFN, facilitating early diagnosis of suspected ABO-HDFN cases by clinicians in primary hospitals.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors affecting the early diagnosis of ABO-hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (ABO-HDFN) in neonates with maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility, and to develop a risk prediction model and validate its predictive performance, so as to provide a reference for the early diagnosis of neonates with ABO-HDFN in primary hospitals. Methods: A total of 1 229 neonates with maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility suspected of ABO-HDFN, admitted to our hospital between between June 2021 and September 2024, were enrolled. The sample size was calculated by using the events per variable (EPV) method. The cohort was divided into a modeling group (n=860) and a validation group (n=369), and the results and clinical information of laboratory examination indicators were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors affecting the early diagnosis of ABO-HDFN in neonates with maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility. The risk prediction model was developed and internally validated by the Bootstrap method. The goodness-of-fit of the model was evaluated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) test, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive performance of the model. The prediction model was validated by using the validation group data, and the predictive performance of the model was evaluated. Results: Among the 860 neonates with maternal-fetal incompatibility in the modeling group, 346 (346/860, 40.23%) were diagnosed with ABO-HDFN. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified the following as significant risk factors for early diagnosis: the number of postnatal days at specimen collection, maternal type O blood group, parity >1, time of onset for pathologic jaundice, maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility due to A antigen, the level of total bilirubin, and the immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF). A risk prediction model was established, and the calibration degree of the model was validated by the Bootstrap internal validation method, Brier=0.143. The results of H-L test showed that χ =3.464, P=0.902. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.885. The maximum value of the Youden index was 0.611, the sensitivity was 0.832, and the specificity was 0.778. The results of the validation group showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.863, with a sensitivity of 0.875 and specificity of 0.735. Conclusion: The risk prediction model developed based on these risk factors has good predictive performance for ABO-HDFN, facilitating early diagnosis of suspected ABO-HDFN cases by clinicians in primary hospitals.

Objective: To understand current state of physical health levels of first year students in different body mass index (BMI) categories in Ningxia universities, and to explore the correlation between BMI and physical fitness index (PFI), so as to provide a reference for enhancing physical health levels of university students. Methods: In November 2024, physical fitness test data from 16 631 first year students across four universities in Yinchuan City, Ningxia from 2019 to 2023 were collected by adopting convenience and stratified cluster random sampling methods. The PFI was calculated using the Z score of the physical fitness test results, and a nonlinear quadratic model was established via least squares regression to examine the relationship between BMI and PFI among university students. Results: The BMI for males was (21.69±3.53)kg/m 2, while for females was (20.78±2.94)kg/m 2. The composite score for males physical fitness (69.86±9.25) was lower than that for females (72.24± 8.15 ), with a statistically significant difference ( t =-17.54, P <0.01). Moreover, the failure rates of various physical fitness indicators (vital capacity, sit and reach, standing long jump, pull ups/1 minute sit ups, 1 000 m/800 m run) were higher among males than females ( χ 2=103.48, 72.45, 14.38, 5 134.85, 188.89, all P <0.01). Comparisons across BMI categories revealed that among males, the normal weight group outperformed other groups in the 50 m sprint, standing long jump, 1 000 m sprint, composite score, and PFI ( F =89.17, 113.90, 179.02, 573.35, 593.08); among female students, the normal weight group outperformed other groups in the 50 m sprint, sit and reach, 800 m run, composite score, and PFI ( F =10.67, 19.58 , 96.45, 294.05, 183.45) (all P <0.01). The relationship between BMI and PFI among first year students exhibited a parabolic change trend, students with a moderate BMI demonstrated higher PFI, and as BMI increased, PFI decreased (all P <0.01). Conclusions The physical health level of male students in Ningxia universities is lower than that of female students. There is a correlation between BMI classification and PFI. Tailored intervention measures should be implemented according to the physical characteristics of students across different genders and BMI classifications to enhance university students physical health.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild rodents in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, so as to provide insights into formulation of technical guidelines for monitoring of and the precise control strategy for S. japonicum infections in wild rodents during the elimination phase. Methods Two administrative villages where schistosomiasis was historically highly prevalent were selected each from Dongzhi County, Anhui Province, and Duchang County, Jiangxi Province as study villages. Wild rodents were captured from study villages with baited traps or cages at night in June and September, 2021. The number of rodents captured was recorded, and the rodent species was characterized based on morphologi-cal characteristics. Liver tissues were sampled from captured rodents for macroscopical observation of the presence of egg granu- lomas, and S. japonicum infection was detected simultaneously using liver tissue homogenate microscopy, examinations of mesenteric tissues for parasites, and modified Kato-Katz thick smear technique (Kato-Katz technique). A positive S. japonicum infection was defined as detection of S. japonicum eggs or adult worms by any of these methods. The rate of wild rodent capture and prevalence of S. japonicum infections in wild rodents were compared in different study villages and at different time periods, and the detection of S. japonicum infections in wild rodents was compared by different assays. Results The overall rate of wild ro- dent capture was 8.28% (237/2 861) in Dongzhi County, and the wild rodent capture rates were 9.24% (133/1 439) and 7.31% (104/1 422) in two study villages (χ² = 3.503, P = 0.061), and were 8.59% (121/1 409) and 7.99% (116/1 452) in June and September, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.337, P = 0.561). The overall rate of wild rodent capture was 3.72% (77/2 072) in Duchang County, and the wild rodent capture rates were 6.91% (67/970) and 0.91% (10/1 102) in two study villages (χ² = 51.901, P < 0.001), and were 4.13% (39/945) and 3.37% (38/1 127) in June and September, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.815, P = 0.365). Rattus norvegicus was the predominant rodent species captured in both counties, accounting for 70.04% (166/237) of all captured wild rodents in Dongzhi County and 88.31% (68/77) in Duchang County. No S. japonicum infection was detected in wild rodents captured in Duchang County. Nevertheless, the overall prevalence of S. japonicum infections was 51.05% (121/237) in wild rodents captured in Dongzhi County, with prevalence rates of 50.38% (67/133) and 51.92% (54/104) in two study villages (χ² = 0.098, P = 0.755), and 54.31% (63/116) and 47.93% (58/121) in September and June, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.964, P = 0.326). Of 237 wild rodents captured in Dongzhi County, there were 140 (59.07%) rodents with visible hepatic egg granulomas, 117 (49.47%) tested positive for S. japonicum eggs by liver tissue homogenate microscopy, 34 (14.35%) tested positive for S. japonicum eggs with Kato-Katz technique; however, no adult S. japonicum worms were detected in mesenteric tissues. In addition, hepatic egg granulomas were found in all wild rodents tested positive for S. japonicum eggs with liver tissue homogenate microscopy. Conclusions The rate of wild rodent capture and prevalence of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents vary greatly in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, and the prevalence of S. japonicum infection is slightly higher in wild rodents captured in autumn than in summer. Liver tissue is recommended as the preferred sample for surveillance of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents, and a combination of macroscopical observation of hepatic egg granulomas and liver tissue homogenate microscopy may be a standard method for surveillance of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents.

Assessment is an indispensable and critical activity in the educational process. In the recent decades, with the birth and development of competence-based educational paradigm, the rationale behind assessment is shifting from "assessment of learning" to "assessment for learning". Workplace-based assessment (WPBA), which aims to improve the quality of both learning and teaching through assessment in real workplace circumstances, is a set of assessment tools that conforms to the new concepts of medical education. In this article, with the purpose to promote the application of WPBA and thus enhance the quality of dental education in our country, a thorough discussion is performed regarding the core principles, tools, advantages of WPBA as well as attentions that should be noted when applying WPBA. It is recommended to establish a longitudinal assessment system which employs various WPBA tools and assesses the development of students' competencies through the whole educational process. Such a dynamic assessment system may be helpful to provide all-rounded and competent dental talents who can eventually benefit the society.

Aim To explore the mechanism of the effect of rosiglitazone(Rsg)on the pancreatic cancer in diabetic mice based on the impact of PPARγ on glu-cose transport and metabolism.Methods A high-fat and high sugar diet combined with STZ was used to construct T2DM model;T2DM mice and normal mice were subcutaneously injected with PANC02 cells to construct a transplanted tumor model.T2DM trans-planted tumor mice and normal transplanted tumor mice were divided into the following groups:Rsg,PPARy inhibitor(PIN-2),rosiglitazone+PPARγ in-hibitor(Rsg+PIN-2),and normal transplanted tumor mice(NDM)and T2DM transplanted tumor mice(DM)were used as control groups,respectively.Tis-sue samples were collected after intervention.Tissue pathological changes were observed by HE staining.The expressions of Ki67 and PCNA proteins were de-tected by immunohistochemistry.Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay.The expression of PPARγwas detected by immunofluorescence.The expressions of Glucokinase,GLUT2,Nkx6.1,PDX-1RT-PCR were determined by Western blot.Results Rsg could significantly reduce the tumor mass,pathological chan-ges,Ki67 and PCNA expression of transplanted tumors(P＜0.05),increase cell apoptosis and the expression of PPARγ,Glucokinase,GLUT2,Nkx6.1,PDX-1 proteins in NDM and DM mice(P＜0.05).PIN-2 could reverse the indicator changes caused by Rsg in NDM and DM mice.However,compared with NDM mice,the above related indicators of the DM group mice were more sensitive to Rsg and PIN-2.Conclu-sions Compared to non-diabetic pancreatic cancer,rosiglitazone can more sensitively inhibit the prolifera-tion of pancreatic cancer with T2DM,induce apopto-sis,and reprogram the metabolism of pancreatic cancer with T2DM by activating PPA Rγ and altering the ex-pression of glucose and lipid metabolism genes,there-by exerting an anti-cancer effect.

Objective:To investigate the effect of intensive lipid-lowering therapy on carotid artery intima-media thickness and plaque area in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods:Eighty-two patients with acute cerebral infarction who received treatment at the Changzhi Mental Health Center from July 2021 to July 2022 were included in this study. Using a randomized controlled trial design, the patients were randomly divided into an intensive treatment group ( n = 41) and a conventional treatment group ( n = 41) using the random number table method. All patients had surpassed the recommended time window for thrombolysis and were given conventional treatments, including antiplatelet aggregation and neuroprotection. The conventional treatment group received conventional lipid-lowering therapy, while the intensive treatment group underwent intensive lipid-lowering therapy. All treatments lasted 6 months. The levels of blood lipids (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol), inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6), and atherosclerosis indicators (carotid artery intima-media thickness and plaque area) were measured and compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Adverse reactions occurring during the treatment period, including myalgia, nausea, vomiting, and abnormal liver function were also recorded. Results:Before treatment, there were no significant differences in blood lipids, inflammatory factors or atherosclerosis indicators between the conventional treatment and intensive treatment groups (all P > 0.05). After treatment, the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol in the intensive treatment group were significantly lower than those in the conventional treatment group [(3.44 ± 0.42) mmol/L vs. (4.81 ± 0.53) mmol/L, (3.46 ± 0.35) mmol/L vs. (2.41 ± 0.27) mmol/L, t = 12.97, 15.21, both P < 0.05]. After treatment, serum levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in the intensive treatment group were significantly lower than those in the conventional treatment group [(4.79 ± 0.53) mg/L vs. (6.97 ± 0.81) mg/L, (38.45 ± 4.14) pg/L vs. (49.66 ± 5.07) pg/L, t = 14.42, 10.97, both P < 0.05]. Carotid artery intima-media thickness and plaque area in the intensive treatment group were significantly smaller than those in the conventional treatment group [(0.98 ± 0.10) mm vs. (1.17 ± 0.12) mm, (13.04 ± 1.37) mm 2vs. (17.96 ± 1.89 mm 2, t = 7.79, 13.50, both P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the overall incidence of adverse reactions during treatment between the intensive treatment and conventional treatment groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Intensive lipid-lowering therapy is highly effective in patients with acute cerebral infarction. It can reduce inflammatory reactions, delay the progression of atherosclerosis, and provide a safety profile similar to that of conventional lipid-lowering therapy.

Vaccines are among the most effec-tive measures for preventing infectious diseases and play a crucial role in controlling the spread of these diseases.Adjuvants,serving as auxiliary com-ponents in vaccines,are indispensable in the vac-cine development process.Ideal adjuvants not only enhance the immune response,enabling the body to achieve optimal protective immunity but also play important roles in reducing the dosage of im-munogens and lowering vaccine production costs.To meet the demands of novel vaccines,many new types of adjuvants have been developed.However,there is still a lack of adjuvants that are safe,effec-tive,easy to prepare,highly pure,and suitable for a variety of vaccines in clinical settings.This article categorizes adjuvants and summarizes their mecha-nisms of action and characteristics,focusing on tra-ditional aluminum salt adjuvants and more modern lipid-based and nucleic acid-based adjuvants.The summary is based on a computer search of data-bases including PubMed,Embase,The Cochrane Li-brary,CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastruc-ture),VIP Database,and Wanfang Database,using English search keywords such as Adjuvants,Vac-cine,Vaccine Adjuvant,aluminum salts,MF59,AS03,Toll-like receptor agonist,etc.,and corre-sponding Chinese search terms.The aim is to pro-vide references for the development and applica-tion of adjuvants.

Objective:To study the common pathogenesis of gout and rheumatoid arthritis(RA)by bioinformatics analysis.Methods:Microarray expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in gout and RA were obtained from the GEO public da-tabase.R language and other tools were used to re-annotates the chip,and then the differential genes(DEGs)of the two were screened and the intersection was taken.The protein-protein interaction(PPI)network and topology analysis of common differential genes(CO-DEGs)were constructed by STRING database and Cytoscape software(including CytoNCA plug-in).The HubGene was screened and validated by ROC curve.Finally,the DAVID online analysis tool was used to perform GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis of HubGene.Results:There were 9 HubGene screened,they were TNF,RGS1,CD69,IL7R,DDX3X,SOCS3,IFIT1,IFIT3,CCL3.GO enrichment showed that HubGene was mainly involves the regulation of virus,STAT receptor signaling pathway and positive regu-lation of neuroinflammatory response.KEGG enrichment showed that HubGene was mainly involved in Toll like receptor signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,JAK-STAT signaling pathway,adipocytokine signaling pathway,RIG-Ⅰ-like receptor signaling pathway and osteoclast differentiation.Conclusion:Using bioinformatics analysis,nine HubGene and related signaling pathways in-volved in the pathogenesis of gout and RA have been identified,which may serve as novel biomarkers and potential targets.