OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between the polygenic risks for various psychiatric disorders and clinical and neuropsychological characteristics in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, 285 children with ADHD and 107 healthy controls were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function for parents, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition, and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Blood samples were collected for genetic data. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for various psychiatric disorders were calculated using the PRSice-2 software. RESULTS: Compared with the healthy controls, the children with ADHD displayed significantly higher PRSs for ADHD, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (P<0.05). In terms of daily-life executive function, ADHD-related PRS was significantly correlated with the working memory factor; panic disorder-related PRS was significantly correlated with the initiation factor; bipolar disorder-related PRS was significantly correlated with the shift factor; schizophrenia-related PRS was significantly correlated with the inhibition, emotional control, initiation, working memory, planning, organization, and monitoring factors (P<0.05). The PRS related to anxiety disorders was negatively correlated with total IQ and processing speed index (P<0.05). The PRS related to obsessive-compulsive disorder was negatively correlated with the processing speed index and positively correlated with the stop-signal reaction time index of the stop-signal task (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS PRSs for various psychiatric disorders are closely correlated with the behavioral and cognitive characteristics in children with ADHD, which provides more insights into the heterogeneity of ADHD.
Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/genetics* ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Adolescent ; Mental Disorders/etiology* ; Executive Function ; Genetic Risk Score

Panic disorder has the characteristics of early onset, late detection, high comorbidity rate and low treatment rate, which have a lasting impact on the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. Early intervention can reduce the risk of various mental disorders in adulthood. Cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT), as a routine social psychological treatment, is also recommended as a first-line intervention for the treatment of panic disorder in children and adolescents. However, due to diagnostic and application difficulties, CBT has not received sufficient attention in the field of panic disorder in children and adolescents. Through a systematic review of the application of CBT in children and adolescents with panic disorder, it found that panic control therapy(PCT)and intensified CBT(iCBT) therapy are the main methods for treating panic disorder in children and adolescents, both of which can effectively alleviate the symptoms of panic disorder in children and adolescents.Cognitive restructuring, exposure, respiratory training and parental involvement are effective components of CBT treatment for panic disorder.In the future, it is necessary to increase attention to underage panic disorder, improve CBT cultural adaptation, use diverse treatment methods, objectively evaluate standards, and optimize research design, to promote the improvement of treatment effectiveness and the development of clinical research.

Panic disorder has the characteristics of early onset, late detection, high comorbidity rate and low treatment rate, which have a lasting impact on the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. Early intervention can reduce the risk of various mental disorders in adulthood. Cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT), as a routine social psychological treatment, is also recommended as a first-line intervention for the treatment of panic disorder in children and adolescents. However, due to diagnostic and application difficulties, CBT has not received sufficient attention in the field of panic disorder in children and adolescents. Through a systematic review of the application of CBT in children and adolescents with panic disorder, it found that panic control therapy(PCT)and intensified CBT(iCBT) therapy are the main methods for treating panic disorder in children and adolescents, both of which can effectively alleviate the symptoms of panic disorder in children and adolescents.Cognitive restructuring, exposure, respiratory training and parental involvement are effective components of CBT treatment for panic disorder.In the future, it is necessary to increase attention to underage panic disorder, improve CBT cultural adaptation, use diverse treatment methods, objectively evaluate standards, and optimize research design, to promote the improvement of treatment effectiveness and the development of clinical research.

Hypertension is a risk factor for a variety of cardiovascular diseases, which is an important public health problem in the world today. MiRNAs are a class of highly conserved non-coding small RNAs. In recent years, studies have found that miRNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of hypertension through a variety of ways, causing damage to the important target organs of hypertension, such as heart, brain and kidney. This article reviews the research progress of miRNA in hypertension in recent years, in order to clarify its role in the process of hypertension and target organ damage, and provide ideas for exploring new therapeutic targets of hypertension.

Objective:To investigate basic characteristics of diabetes prevalence and associated factors in centenarians in Hainan province of China.Methods:All the subjects were from China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study. A total of 1 002 centenarians were included in the final analysis, who were divided into three groups: diabetes group, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) group, and normal glucose group according to the guideline.Results:The average age of centenarians was (102.77±2.55) years, and the proportion of females was 82.0%. There were 95 centenarians who suffered from diabetes, and the prevalence rate was 9.5%. There were 81 centenarians who had IFG, and the prevalence rate was 8.1%. The mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of centenarians was (5.12±1.44) mmol/L, while 43.5% of centenarians had FPG levels ranging from 4.00 to 5.00 mmol/L and 22.1% of centenarians had the FPG levels ranging from 5.00 to 6.00 mmol/L. Increased triglyceride level and abdominal obesity might be associated with the risk for diabetes.Conclusion:The glycometabolism in centenarians in Hainan was better than that in other age groups, and no gender specific difference was observed.

Objective:To explore the blood pressure levels and the influencing factors of hypertension among Hainan centenarians, and provide basic data for the further blood pressure related studies of the centenarian population.Methods:The baseline data were from China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study (CHCCS). This cross-sectional data, based on the community population, was a complete sample study of centenarians, including questionnaire survey, physical examination and physiological index detection. A total of 1 002 centenarians were recruited to describe the blood pressure level. According to the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of hypertension in Chinese adults in 2018, the prevalence of hypertension was analyzed.Results:The median levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure and pulse pressure were 152.0, 76.0 and 76.5 mmHg, respectively. Blood pressure level was higher in females than in males. The prevalence of hypertension was 71.9%, mainly in isolated systolic hypertension with the prevalence of 60.1%. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the risk of hypertension in women was higher than that in men ( OR=1.624, 95% CI: 1.155-2.283), and the risk of hypertension in the northern ( OR=0.625, 95% CI: 0.434-0.901) and central areas ( OR=0.586, 95% CI: 0.346-0.993) was lower than that of the Eastern. Conclusion:The prevalence of hypertension, mainly in isolated systolic hypertension, showing gender and regional distribution differences.

Objective:To explore the prevalence of lipid profile and the influencing factors of dyslipidemia in centenarians in Hainan province, and provide basic data for the study of the lipid profile in centenarians.Methods:The data of this study were from the baseline data of China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study from June 2014 to December 2016. A total of 1 002 centenarians were recruited. According to the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults in 2016, the prevalence of lipid profile were described and the prevalence of dyslipidemia with different clinical classifications were compared, and the main influencing factors were analyzed.Results:The median levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C were 4.60 mmol/L, 1.05 mmol/L, 2.77 mmol/L and 1.41 mmol/L, respectively, in centenarians in Hainan. Blood lipid profile level was higher in females than in males. With the increase of BMI, TC, TG and LDL-C increased significantly, while HDL-C decreased significantly. The total prevalence of dyslipidemia was 19.1%. Smoking, BMI and area distribution were the main influencing factors of dyslipidemia.Conclusion:The prevalence of dyslipidemia in centenarians in Hainan was at a low level compared with other countries, and the blood lipid profile level was higher in females than in males.

Objective:To analyze the association of waist circumference, BMI, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, calf circumference and waist-calf circumference ratio (WCR) with depression risk in centenarians in Hainan province.Methods:A total of 1 002 centenarians in Hainan were selected by cluster sampling. GDS-15 was used to investigate the depression. Multivariate linear regression and logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the correlation between anthropometric indicators and depression risk. Restricted cubic spline was used to analyze and visualize the linear relationship.Results:After adjusting demographic characteristics (gender, age, ethnic group, marital status, educational level and type of residence) and lifestyle (smoking and drinking), the standard β of BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR, calf circumference and WCR associated with GDS-15 were -0.069, -0.032,0.009, -0.009, -0.099 and 0.060, respectively, and the P values of BMI and calf circumference were <0.05. With the increase of calf circumference, the risk of depression decreased, OR value was 0.94 (95% CI:0.90-0.98), and after adjustment, the results were still significant. Classified variable analysis indicated with the decrease of calf circumference and the increase of WCR, the risk of depression increased gradually, the trend P values were 0.038 and 0.042, respectively. Conclusion:Central obesity (waist circumference and WCR) and periphery obesity (calf circumference) have differed effects on depression in centenarians, and increased calf circumference is a protective factor for depression in female centenarians, attention should be paid to the mental health of the elderly women with lower calf circumference.

Objective To explore the sensitivity of Culex pipiens pallens to common chemical insecticides in the southwestern region of Shandong Province, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of reasonable and effective mosquito control measures. Methods The resistance of Cx. pipiens pallens larvae to 5 chemical insecticides, such as cypermethrin, deltamethrin, DDVP, propoxur, and acetofenate were tested by using the WHO biological test method in 2018, and the co-toxicity coefficients after compounding the above-mentioned insecticides were tested by using a drug compounding method. Results The resistance indexes of Cx. pipiens pallens to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, DDVP, propoxur, and acetofenate in 3 cities were 144.43–557.54, 118.17–445.33, 6.44–19.00, 2.37–8.10, and 0.88–2.98, respectively, and expect the difference between the DDVP resistances of Cx. pipiens pallens in Jining City and Heze City was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), all the other differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The synergistic coefficients of cypermethrin + DDVP, cypermethrin + propoxur, DDVP + acetofenate, and propoxur + acetofenate were 199.58 – 456.95, 190.56 – 292.37, 123.32 – 319.24, and 192.31 – 367.32, respectively. The lower synergism was observed by using the mixture of DDVP + propoxur (synergistic coefficient: 99.87–108.36) . Conclusions After decades of chemical control, Cx. pipiens pallens in the southwestern region of Shandong Province has produced different degrees of resistance to common chemical insecticides. Therefore, comprehensive control measures should be taken to control mosquito breeding and prevent the development of insecticide resistance.