Background and aims:Noninvasive assessments play a crucial role in ruling out high-risk esophageal varices(HREV)in cirrhotic patients.However,the value of sound touch elastography(STE)in predicting HREV has not been comprehensively investigated.Therefore,this study aimed to establish prediction models based on liver and spleen stiffness measurements obtained by STE and provide assessment strategies and cutoff values tailored for different clinical situations.Methods:This prospective study included cirrhotic patients who underwent esophagogastroduodeno-scopy(EGD).Liver and spleen stiffness measurements by STE were performed within six months of EGD examination.Various prediction models and their corresponding cutoff values were established for different clinical situations,incorporating spleen diameter and laboratory parameters.Results:A total of 154 cirrhotic patients were included in the study and stratified into training(n=119)and validation(n=35)sets.Multivariable analysis revealed platelet,spleen diameter and spleen stiffness measurement as independent predictors of HREV.The model incorporating spleen stiffness measurement,platelet,and spleen diameter demonstrated superior performance in predicting HREV,yielding an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.878 and 0.853 in the training set and validation set,respectively.Application of this model for screening cirrhotic patients could avoid EGDs in 39.7％(27/68)and 35.3％(6/17)of patients in the training and validation sets,respectively.Conclusions:Liver and spleen stiffness measurements obtained through STE are valuable for predicting HREV in cirrhotic patients.The developed prediction models and their corresponding cutoff values provide tailored solutions for various clinical situations,thereby effectively reducing the need for un-necessary endoscopies.

Objective To explore the impact of the TINCR-MAF:MAFB transcription factor network on the expression of proliferation and differentiation-related genes in keratinocytes,to verify the role of this network in the occurrence and development of psoriasis and its potential mechanisms.Methods Employed RNA interference technology to knock down TINCR gene expression,and the proliferation ability of keratinocytes was assessed using the CCK-8 method.Additionally,qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses were conducted to evaluate the RNA and protein expression levels of TINCR,MAFB,and KLF4 genes.Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of KLF4 protein in psoriasis tissues.Results After TINCR gene siRNA interference,the proliferation ability of keratinocytes significantly decreased at 24,48,and 72 hours(P<0.001),indicating that the TINCR gene plays a critical role in cell proliferation.The results of qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that the RNA and protein expression levels of TINCR,MAFB,and KLF4 genes were significantly reduced(P<0.001),suggesting that TINCR may influence the differentiation of keratinocytes by regulating the expression of MAFB transcription factor and KLF4 differentiation-related genes.Furthermore,immunohistochemical results indicated that the expression of KLF4 protein was significantly elevated in psoriasis tissues compared to normal skin tissues,suggesting that KLF4 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.Conclusions The TINCR-MAF:MAFB transcription factor network may participate in the occurrence and development of psoriasis by affecting the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes.This finding provides a new perspective on the pathogenesis of psoriasis and potential targets for future therapeutic strategies.

Objective To explore the impact of the TINCR-MAF:MAFB transcription factor network on the expression of proliferation and differentiation-related genes in keratinocytes,to verify the role of this network in the occurrence and development of psoriasis and its potential mechanisms.Methods Employed RNA interference technology to knock down TINCR gene expression,and the proliferation ability of keratinocytes was assessed using the CCK-8 method.Additionally,qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses were conducted to evaluate the RNA and protein expression levels of TINCR,MAFB,and KLF4 genes.Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of KLF4 protein in psoriasis tissues.Results After TINCR gene siRNA interference,the proliferation ability of keratinocytes significantly decreased at 24,48,and 72 hours(P<0.001),indicating that the TINCR gene plays a critical role in cell proliferation.The results of qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that the RNA and protein expression levels of TINCR,MAFB,and KLF4 genes were significantly reduced(P<0.001),suggesting that TINCR may influence the differentiation of keratinocytes by regulating the expression of MAFB transcription factor and KLF4 differentiation-related genes.Furthermore,immunohistochemical results indicated that the expression of KLF4 protein was significantly elevated in psoriasis tissues compared to normal skin tissues,suggesting that KLF4 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.Conclusions The TINCR-MAF:MAFB transcription factor network may participate in the occurrence and development of psoriasis by affecting the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes.This finding provides a new perspective on the pathogenesis of psoriasis and potential targets for future therapeutic strategies.

Purpose: This study compared the efficacy of heat insulation between 5% dextrose and 0.9% saline in radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Accordingly, temperature variations and maximum temperatures were assessed at identical distances and heat field distributions. Methods: Cubes of porcine liver tissue, measuring 10 mm across, were selected to precisely align the ablation boundary with the tissue boundary. An 18-gauge electrode with a 7-mm tip was inserted into each cube (10 per group) in a stainless-steel cup containing 40 mL of 5% dextrose or 0.9% saline. Fixed ablation was performed for 3 minutes using continuous mode at 30 W, simulating the typical thermal environment during thyroid RFA. Real-time temperature measurements were recorded by sensors positioned 0, 1, 3, and 5 mm from the cube’s edge. A comparative analysis was conducted to assess the maximum temperature, temperature variation, and duration of temperatures exceeding 42℃. Results: In both groups, the temperature curve declined with increasing distance from the edge of the ablated tissue. However, 0.9% saline exhibited higher maximum temperatures at 1, 3, and 5 mm compared to 5% dextrose (1 mm: 44.55°C±5.25°C vs. 34.68°C±3.07°C; 3 mm: 39.64°C±2.53°C vs. 29.22°C±2.21°C; 5 mm: 38.86°C±2.14°C vs. 28.74°C±2.51°C; all P<0.001). Considering a nerve injury threshold of 42°C, the 0.9% saline also displayed a greater proportion of samples reaching this temperature and a longer duration of temperatures exceeding it (P<0.05). Conclusion The heat insulation efficacy of 5% dextrose at 1-5 mm exceeds that of 0.9% saline at identical distances and in a common thermal environment during thyroid RFA.

Purpose: This study compared the efficacy of heat insulation between 5% dextrose and 0.9% saline in radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Accordingly, temperature variations and maximum temperatures were assessed at identical distances and heat field distributions. Methods: Cubes of porcine liver tissue, measuring 10 mm across, were selected to precisely align the ablation boundary with the tissue boundary. An 18-gauge electrode with a 7-mm tip was inserted into each cube (10 per group) in a stainless-steel cup containing 40 mL of 5% dextrose or 0.9% saline. Fixed ablation was performed for 3 minutes using continuous mode at 30 W, simulating the typical thermal environment during thyroid RFA. Real-time temperature measurements were recorded by sensors positioned 0, 1, 3, and 5 mm from the cube’s edge. A comparative analysis was conducted to assess the maximum temperature, temperature variation, and duration of temperatures exceeding 42℃. Results: In both groups, the temperature curve declined with increasing distance from the edge of the ablated tissue. However, 0.9% saline exhibited higher maximum temperatures at 1, 3, and 5 mm compared to 5% dextrose (1 mm: 44.55°C±5.25°C vs. 34.68°C±3.07°C; 3 mm: 39.64°C±2.53°C vs. 29.22°C±2.21°C; 5 mm: 38.86°C±2.14°C vs. 28.74°C±2.51°C; all P<0.001). Considering a nerve injury threshold of 42°C, the 0.9% saline also displayed a greater proportion of samples reaching this temperature and a longer duration of temperatures exceeding it (P<0.05). Conclusion The heat insulation efficacy of 5% dextrose at 1-5 mm exceeds that of 0.9% saline at identical distances and in a common thermal environment during thyroid RFA.

Purpose: This study compared the efficacy of heat insulation between 5% dextrose and 0.9% saline in radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Accordingly, temperature variations and maximum temperatures were assessed at identical distances and heat field distributions. Methods: Cubes of porcine liver tissue, measuring 10 mm across, were selected to precisely align the ablation boundary with the tissue boundary. An 18-gauge electrode with a 7-mm tip was inserted into each cube (10 per group) in a stainless-steel cup containing 40 mL of 5% dextrose or 0.9% saline. Fixed ablation was performed for 3 minutes using continuous mode at 30 W, simulating the typical thermal environment during thyroid RFA. Real-time temperature measurements were recorded by sensors positioned 0, 1, 3, and 5 mm from the cube’s edge. A comparative analysis was conducted to assess the maximum temperature, temperature variation, and duration of temperatures exceeding 42℃. Results: In both groups, the temperature curve declined with increasing distance from the edge of the ablated tissue. However, 0.9% saline exhibited higher maximum temperatures at 1, 3, and 5 mm compared to 5% dextrose (1 mm: 44.55°C±5.25°C vs. 34.68°C±3.07°C; 3 mm: 39.64°C±2.53°C vs. 29.22°C±2.21°C; 5 mm: 38.86°C±2.14°C vs. 28.74°C±2.51°C; all P<0.001). Considering a nerve injury threshold of 42°C, the 0.9% saline also displayed a greater proportion of samples reaching this temperature and a longer duration of temperatures exceeding it (P<0.05). Conclusion The heat insulation efficacy of 5% dextrose at 1-5 mm exceeds that of 0.9% saline at identical distances and in a common thermal environment during thyroid RFA.

Purpose: This study compared the efficacy of heat insulation between 5% dextrose and 0.9% saline in radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Accordingly, temperature variations and maximum temperatures were assessed at identical distances and heat field distributions. Methods: Cubes of porcine liver tissue, measuring 10 mm across, were selected to precisely align the ablation boundary with the tissue boundary. An 18-gauge electrode with a 7-mm tip was inserted into each cube (10 per group) in a stainless-steel cup containing 40 mL of 5% dextrose or 0.9% saline. Fixed ablation was performed for 3 minutes using continuous mode at 30 W, simulating the typical thermal environment during thyroid RFA. Real-time temperature measurements were recorded by sensors positioned 0, 1, 3, and 5 mm from the cube’s edge. A comparative analysis was conducted to assess the maximum temperature, temperature variation, and duration of temperatures exceeding 42℃. Results: In both groups, the temperature curve declined with increasing distance from the edge of the ablated tissue. However, 0.9% saline exhibited higher maximum temperatures at 1, 3, and 5 mm compared to 5% dextrose (1 mm: 44.55°C±5.25°C vs. 34.68°C±3.07°C; 3 mm: 39.64°C±2.53°C vs. 29.22°C±2.21°C; 5 mm: 38.86°C±2.14°C vs. 28.74°C±2.51°C; all P<0.001). Considering a nerve injury threshold of 42°C, the 0.9% saline also displayed a greater proportion of samples reaching this temperature and a longer duration of temperatures exceeding it (P<0.05). Conclusion The heat insulation efficacy of 5% dextrose at 1-5 mm exceeds that of 0.9% saline at identical distances and in a common thermal environment during thyroid RFA.

Purpose: This study compared the efficacy of heat insulation between 5% dextrose and 0.9% saline in radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Accordingly, temperature variations and maximum temperatures were assessed at identical distances and heat field distributions. Methods: Cubes of porcine liver tissue, measuring 10 mm across, were selected to precisely align the ablation boundary with the tissue boundary. An 18-gauge electrode with a 7-mm tip was inserted into each cube (10 per group) in a stainless-steel cup containing 40 mL of 5% dextrose or 0.9% saline. Fixed ablation was performed for 3 minutes using continuous mode at 30 W, simulating the typical thermal environment during thyroid RFA. Real-time temperature measurements were recorded by sensors positioned 0, 1, 3, and 5 mm from the cube’s edge. A comparative analysis was conducted to assess the maximum temperature, temperature variation, and duration of temperatures exceeding 42℃. Results: In both groups, the temperature curve declined with increasing distance from the edge of the ablated tissue. However, 0.9% saline exhibited higher maximum temperatures at 1, 3, and 5 mm compared to 5% dextrose (1 mm: 44.55°C±5.25°C vs. 34.68°C±3.07°C; 3 mm: 39.64°C±2.53°C vs. 29.22°C±2.21°C; 5 mm: 38.86°C±2.14°C vs. 28.74°C±2.51°C; all P<0.001). Considering a nerve injury threshold of 42°C, the 0.9% saline also displayed a greater proportion of samples reaching this temperature and a longer duration of temperatures exceeding it (P<0.05). Conclusion The heat insulation efficacy of 5% dextrose at 1-5 mm exceeds that of 0.9% saline at identical distances and in a common thermal environment during thyroid RFA.

Objective:To investigate the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods:The clinicopathological data of 106 DLBCL patients with detailed follow-up data in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from January 2009 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, including 30 cases (28%) of germinal center B cell-1ike (GCB) and 76 cases (72%) of non-GCB; and 11 cases of reactive lymph nodes were selected as the control group. EnVision method was used to detect the expressions of EZH2 and c-myc. The correlation of the expressions of EZH2 and c-myc proteins was analyzed, and the association of EZH2 protein with clinicopathological characteristics, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients was also analyzed.Results:The positive expression rates of EZH2 and c-myc proteins were 78.3% (83/106) and 48.1% (51/106), respectively, and neither was expressed in the control group. The positive expression rate of EZH2 protein in non-GCB was higher than that in GCB ( P < 0.01). The expression of EZH2 was correlated with clinical staging, serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level and international prognostic index (IPI) score (all P < 0.01). EZH2 expression was positively correlated with the c-myc protein expression in GCB ( r = 0.74, P < 0.001). Moreover, OS and PFS of EZH2 negative in DLBCL were better than those of EZH2 positive (all P < 0.001). Conclusions:EZH2 overexpression is correlated with advanced clinical staging, increased serum LDH level, high IPI score and non-GCB phenotype. The high expression of EZH2 may be related to the high expression of c-myc, suggesting the poor prognosis of patients with DLBCL.

OBJECTIVE To compare the dosage forms and specifications of over-the-counter drug （OTC）（chemical drugs ） for children at home and abroad ，and to provide reference for the addition of new dosage forms and specifications of OTC for children in China . METHODS Data analysis was used to comb the active ingredients of OTC single -ingredient preparation for children in China . The similarities and differences of the dosage forms and specifications of OTC for children with the same active ingredients among China and 8th edition of WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children （WHO EMLc ）and US/UK/EU （this article refers specifically to EU countries ）/Japan were analyzed by comparative analysis . RESULTS There were 72 active ingredients of OTC single -ingredient preparation for children in China ，corresponding to 34 dosage forms and 216 specifications； 39 same active ingredients of OTC for children were retrieved in WHO EMLc and US/UK/EU/Japan ，corresponding to 38 dosage forms and 258 specifications. Among OTC for children corresponding to 39 active ingredients ，there were 10 unique dosage forms in China ，and 16 unique dosage forms in WHO EMLc and US/UK/EU/Japan ，of which some dosage forms have advantages for children（such as chewing gums ，gels for external use ，spray for oral liquid ，etc.），were included in the latter while not included in China . There were 107 unique specifications in China ，and 214 unique specifications in WHO EMLc and US/UK/EU/Japan ，of which the division of applicable age groups for specifications was more detailed . In addition ，the dosage forms and specifications corresponding to a few active ingredients （such as ibuprofen ，cetirizine hydrochloride ）were not included in OTC for children in China， while included in UK/EU . CONCLUSIONS The dosage forms and specifications of OTC for children in WHO EMLc and US/UK/EU/Japan are generally more abundant and E-mail：zjfyouyou@163.com flexible than in China . Relevant departments in China should learn from the advanced experience of WHO and foreign countries and increase the research and development of dosage forms and specifications of OTC for children .