Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of fluoxetine hydrochloride capsules and escitalopram oxalate tablets in the treatment of first-episode depression disorder.Methods Eighty patients with first-episode depression disorder who were hospitalized in the 14th district of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Xiamen Xianyue Hospital from February to November 2023 were selected,and divided into fluoxetine hydrochloride capsules group(n=40)and escitalopram oxalate tablets group(n=40)according to random number method;Conducted the Hamilton depression scale(HAMD)estimates before treatment and four weeks after treatment,to analyze and compare the clinical efficacy of two groups.Results After four weeks of treatment,the HAMD scores of all patients significantly decreased compared to before treatment in this group(P＜0.01);There was no statistically significant difference between two groups(P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the total effective rate between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Escitalopram oxalate tablets and fluoxetine hydrochloride capsules were both effective in treatment of the first-episode depression disorder patients,and the total effective rates of them were similar.

Objective:To investigate the changes in synaptic transmission function of hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells in depression model mice induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and to explore the effect of exercise on it.Methods:Totally 48 SPF grade 7-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly compartmentalised into control group (CTRL group), model group (CUMS group), model + exercise group (CUMS+ EXE group), and model + fluoxetine group (CUMS+ FLX group), with 12 mice in each group. CUMS method was used for preparating the depression model for 21 d. Mice in the CUMS+ EXE group were given roller locomotion training and mice in the CUMS+ FLX group were given fluoxetine intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg) daily during the modelling period, and the other two groups were administrated intraperitoneally with equal volume of 0.9% NaCl solution.Sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) were used to detect depressive-like behavior, and open field test (OFT) was used to detect anxiety-like behavior. Whole-cell recordings were used to detect spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC), spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC), miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC), and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSC) in hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells.One-way ANONA was performed to analyze the data by SPSS 23.0.Results:(1) There were statistically significant differences among the 4 groups of mice in terms of activity time in the center, total distance of OFT and sugar preference rate( F=37.85, 18.41, 28.81 all P<0.01). The activity time in the center((47.81±3.51)s) and total distance((19.63±1.24)m) of OFT and sugar preference rate((55.63±9.11)%) in the CUMS group were lower than those in the CTRL group (all P<0.01), while those in the CUMS+ EXE group((59.87±3.25)s, (23.18±1.24)m, (69.03±8.22)% respectively) were higher than those in the CUMS group (all P<0.05).The sugar preference rate of the CUMS+ EXE group was lower than that in the CTRL group and CTRL+ FLX group (both P<0.01). The differences in immobility time of TST and FST were statistically significant among the 4 groups of mice ( F=113.70, 56.97, both P<0.01). The immobility time of TST and FST of the CUMS group was lower than that of mice in the CTRL group (both P<0.01), while that in the CUMS+ EXE group were lower than that in the CUMS group (both P<0.05) and higher than that in the CTRL group (both P<0.01). (2)There were statistically significant differences in frequency, amplitude and quantification of sEPSC among the 4 groups of mice ( F=22.02, 17.98, 179.00, all P<0.01). The sEPSC frequency, amplitude, and quantification of mice in the CUMS group were lower than those in the CTRL group (all P<0.05), while those in the CUMS+ EXE group were higher than those in the CUMS group (all P<0.05) and lower than those in the CTRL group and CUMS+ FLX group (all P<0.05). The differences in frequency and quantification of sIPSC among the 4 groups of mice were statistically significant ( F=22.12, 184.80, both P<0.01). The sIPSC frequency and quantification of mice in the CUMS group were higher than those in the CTRL group (both P<0.05), while those in the CUMS+ EXE group were lower than those in the CUMS group (both P<0.05) and higher than those in the CTRL group (all P<0.05).The difference in quantification of sEPSC/sIPSC ratios among the 4 groups of mice was statistically significant ( F=267.10, P<0.01). The quantification of sEPSC/sIPSC ratio of mice in the CUMS group was lower than that in the CTRL group ( P<0.05). The quantification of sEPSC/sIPSC ratio of mice in the CUMS+ EXE group was higher than that in the CUMS group ( P<0.05) and lower than that in the CTRL group and CUMS+ FLX group(both P<0.05). (3) The differences in mEPSC frequency and amplitude among the 4 groups of mice were statistically significant ( F=25.07, 23.57, both P<0.01). The mEPSC frequency and amplitude in the CUMS group were lower than those in the CTRL group (both P<0.05), while those in the CUMS+ EXE group were higher than those in the CUMS group (both P<0.05) and lower than those in the CTRL group and CUMS+ FLX group(all P<0.05). The difference in mIPSC frequency among the 4 groups of mice was statistically significant ( F=13.79, P<0.01). The mIPSC frequency of mice in the CUMS+ EXE group was lower than that in the CUMS group ( P<0.05) and higher than that in the CTRL group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Exercise can partially improve depressive-like behaviours and enhances hippocampus granule cell synaptic transmission in depression model mice.

Objective:To investigate the effects of enriched environment on the behavior of depressive-like mice induced by chronic stress and the synaptic transmission function of hippocampal pyramidal neurons.Methods:Thirty-six 7-week-old SPF grade male C57BL/6J mice were divided into control group, model group and enriched environment group according to the random zone method, with 12 mice in each group.The mice in model group and enriched environment group were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress to establish depression models.During the modeling period, the mice in enriched environment group lived in the enriched environment for 6 hours per day, and lived in the routine environment for the rest time just like the mice in control group and model group.The depressive behaviors of mice were detected by sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST).The motor function and anxious behavior of mice were detected by open field test (OFT) and the cognitive function was detected by Morris water maze test.In vitro electrophysiological techniques were used to record field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSP) in the hippocampus, and whole-cell recording was used to record spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSC) and miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents (mEPSC) in hippocampal pyramidal neurons.Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS 23.0 software.Multiple group comparisons of data were conducted by one-way ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA.Results:(1) Behavioral results showed statistically significant differences among the three groups in terms of total activity time in the central area of OFT, sugar water preference rate of SPT and immobility time of TST and FST ( F=17.12, 26.07, 41.13, 60.18, all P<0.01).The activity time in the central area of OFT and sugar water preference rate of model group were lower than those in the control group (both P<0.01), and the immobility time of TST and FST were higher than those in the control group (both P<0.01).The activity time in the central area of OFT ((56.56±3.47) s) and sugar water preference rate ((71.22±8.37) %) of enriched environment group were higher than those in the model group((52.56±3.47) s, (59.53±8.72)%) (all P<0.05), and the immobility time of TST ((94.19±10.77) s) and FST ((76.98±12.10) s) were lower than those in the model group ((104.58±8.24) s, (111.41±9.56) s)(all P<0.05).(2)The results of spatial learning memory showed that there was a significant difference of group and time interaction effects for latency to find the platform ( F=12.02, P<0.01), and the latency to find the platform in model group was higher than that in control group and enriched environment group (both P<0.01).The results of spatial exploration showed that there were statistically significant differences in the target quadrant residence time and the times crossing the platform among the three groups( F=19.67, 20.27, both P<0.01).The both indexes in the model group were lower than those in control group and enriched environment group (all P<0.01).(3) The results of electrophysiological experiment showed that the interaction effect of fEPSP between groups and stimulations intensity among the three groups was significant( F=1.86, P<0.01).At the stimulation level of 150 mA and 200 mA, the fEPSP of the model group was lower than those of control group and enriched environment group (all P<0.05).(4)The results of the long-term potentiation(LTP) showed a statistically significant difference among the three groups( F=15.32, P<0.01).The LTP of the model group mice ((137.42±4.48)%) was lower than those of the control group ((156.62±4.79)%) and the enriched environment group ((147.86±9.14)%) (both P<0.05).(5) The whole-cell recordings results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the frequencies of sEPSC and mEPSC among the three groups ( F=15.30, 13.72, both P<0.01).The sEPSC and mEPSC frequencies of the model group mice ((0.60±0.31) Hz, (0.63±0.26) Hz) were lower than those of the control group ((1.27±0.46) Hz, (1.02±0.28) Hz) and the enriched environment group ((0.96±0.45) Hz, (0.83±0.22) Hz) (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Environmental enrichment can alleviate the depressive behaviors induced by chronic stress and enhance cognitive performance, hippocampal pyramidal neuron synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in depressive-like mice.

Objective:To investigate the effect of ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on oxidative stress in medial prefrontal cortex and excitatory/inhibitory balance of pyramidal neurons in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive model mice.Methods:Totally 48 SPF grade 7-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups according to random number table method: control+ saline group (CTRL+ Veh), control+ GBE group (CTRL+ GBE), model+ saline group (CUMS+ Veh), model+ GBE group (CUMS+ GBE), with 12 mice in each group.Mice in CUMS+ Veh group and CUMS+ GBE group were established by CUMS method, and mice in CTRL+ GBE group and CUMS+ GBE group were intraperitoneally injected with GBE (70 mg/kg) once a day, and mice in CTRL+ Veh group and CUMS+ Veh group were injected intraperitoneally with 0.9% sodium chloride solution.Then, the sucrose preference test, forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were performed to evaluate the depressive-like behavior of mice, and open field test (OFT) was performed to evaluate the autonomous locomotion and exploration ability and anxiety-like behavior.The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mPFC were determined by ELISA.Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC) and spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC) were detected by whole-cell recording.SPSS 23.0 was used for data analysis and two-factor analysis of variance(whether to get GBE, whether to mold, show as GBE×CUMS) was used for statistical analysis.Results:(1) Behavioral results: the the time spent in center and total distance of OFT and sugar preference rate of the four groups of mice were compared, and the interaction of GBE×CUMS was significant( F=24.90, 4.82, 3.91, all P<0.05). The results of simple effect analysis showed that the time spent in center ((47.15±3.58) s), the total distance((19.33±0.86) m) and the sugar preference rate((59.11±8.79)%) of the mice in CUMS+ Veh group were lower than those in the CTRL+ Veh group((61.55±2.49) s, (23.24±1.21) m, (84.02±7.45) %) (all P<0.01), and the above indexes in CUMS+ GBE group ((56.51±3.53) s, (20.75±1.31) m, (70.80±11.79)%) were higher than those in CUMS+ Veh group (all P<0.05). In the immobility time of FST and TST of mice in the 4 groups, the interaction of GBE×CUMS were significant( F=85.53, 83.39, both P<0.01). The immobility time of FST and TST in CUMS+ Veh group were higher than those in CTRL+ Veh group (both P<0.01 ), and the above indexes in CUMS+ GBE group were lower than CUMS+ Veh group(both P<0.05). (2)The results of ELISA showed that the interaction of GBE×CUMS of SOD level of mice in the 4 groups was not significant ( F=3.52, P=0.07), but the main effects of GBE factor and CUMS factor were both significant ( F=4.69, 46.93, both P<0.05). The interaction of GBE×CUMS of MDA level was significant( F=16.61, P<0.01). The level of SOD in the CUMS+ Veh group was lower than that in the CTRL+ Veh group ( P<0.01), and the level of SOD in the CUMS+ GBE group was higher than that in the CUMS+ Veh group ( P<0.05). The level of MDA in the CUMS+ Veh group was higher than that of the CTRL+ Veh group ( P<0.01), and the level of MDA in CUMS+ GBE group was lower than that of the CUMS+ Veh group ( P<0.01). (3) The results of whole-cell recording showed that the interaction of GBE×CUMS of frequency and quantification of sEPSC in the four groups were significant ( F=5.45, 6.94, both P<0.05). The sEPSC frequency and quantification in the CUMS+ Veh group were lower than those in the CTRL+ Veh group (both P<0.01), and the sEPSC frequency and quantification in CUMS+ GBE group were higher than those of CUMS+ Veh group (both P<0.05). The interaction of GBE×CUMS of frequency and quantification of sIPSC in the four groups were significant ( F=7.78, 8.96, both P<0.01). The sIPSC frequency and quantification of the CUMS+ Veh group were higher than those of CTRL+ Veh group (both P<0.01), and the above indexes of CUMS+ GBE group were lower than those of CUMS+ Veh group (both P<0.01). As for the sEPSC/sIPSC ratio, GBE×CUMS interaction was significant ( F=5.45, P=0.02). The sEPSC/sIPSC ratio of CUMS+ Veh group (0.09±0.01) was lower than that of CTRL+ Veh group (0.28±0.04) ( P<0.01), and the sEPSC/sIPSC ratio of CUMS+ GBE group (0.14±0.03) was higher than that of CUMS+ Veh group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Ginkgo biloba extract can improve the depression-like behavior of mice induced by CUMS, reduce the oxidative stress of mPFC and improve the excitation/inhibition balance of pyramidal neurons in depressive model mice.

Objective:To express prokaryotically GII.4 human norovirus (HuNoV) VP2 protein and to prepare polyclonal antibody against VP2.Methods:Design specific primers to amplify the VP2 gene of GII.4 HuNoV, digest and connect to the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-6P-1, transform the correctly identified recombinant plasmid into BL21 ( DE3) competent cells.Pick out and shake the monoclonal bacteria, and add IPTG to induce recombinant GST-VP2. The fusion protein was expressed, purified by GST affinity chromatography and digested to obtain GII.4 HuNoV VP2 protein. The relative molecular mass (Mr.×10 3) of the purified HuNoV VP2 protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. BALB/c mice were immunized with purified GII.4 HuNoV VP2 protein (0.5 mg/ml) to prepare polyclonal antibodies. Results:The VP2 protein of GII.4 HuNoV was successfully expressed and purified, with a relative molecular mass (Mr.×10 3) of about 29; the VP2 polyclonal antibody of GII.4 HuNoV was successfully prepared and its titer was as high as 1∶1 280 000. Western blot and indirect ELISA analysis showed that the polyclonal antibody could specifically bind to the VP2 antigen of GII.4 HuNoV. Conclusions:The purified GII.4 HuNoV VP2 after prokaryotic fusion expression can be used to prepare high titer polyclonal antibody.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of tigecycline plus prolonged high-dose meropenem infusion in the prevention and treatment of early carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection after renal transplantation .Methods From January 2016 to December 2018 ,clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for 13 renal transplant recipients with graft-carried CRKP .The relevant clinical data included treatments and outcomes of grafts and recipients .KPC-2 gene was the only resistance gene detectable in all isolates of CRKP . Among 13 CRKP positive recipients ,there were positive cultures of graft preservation solution ,recipient blood & urine (n=1) , positive cultures of graft preservation solution & urine (n=1) ,positive cultures of graft preservation solutions & peri-graft drainage (n=3) ,continuous positive cultures of peri-graft drainage more than twice (n= 3) and positive culture of graft preservation solution (n= 5).All patients received tigecycline plus prolonged high-dose meropenem infusion-based antibiotics .Results Five patients with CRKP positive in preservation solution were successfully prevented from infection after a treatment period of (12 .4 ± 2 .1)days .Among another 8 cases ,additional topical medications (n= 3) and surgical debridement (n= 1) were used .It took a median time of 16 (7～60) days until a negative culture and the total antibiotic treatment course was 20 (10～93) days .The average hospitalization duration was (50 ± 35) days .During a median follow-up period of 25 (6～28) months ,there was no onset of renal arterial rupture ,graft nephrectomy or death .The survival rate was 100％ for recipients and 92 .3％ for grafts .Conclusions For post-transplant infections due to graft-carried KPC-2 producing CRKP ,rapid diagnostics and tigecycline plus prolonged high-dose meropenem infusion may optimize clinical outcomes by decreasing the rate of graft nephrectomy and the recipient mortality .

Objective To analyze the reasons and treatment methods of high transprothetic pressure gradient after aortic valve replacement. Methods The clinical data of 45 patients with high transprothetic pressure gradient after aortic valve replacement were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were followed up for average 24.6 (12 - 40) months. The postoperative effective orifice area (EOA) of artificial valve was measured by transthoracic color Doppler ultrasound. Compared with published referred EOA of different artificial valve, there were 2 kinds results:measured EOA=referred EOA and measured EOA0.85 cm2/m2 and EOAI<0.85 cm2/m2. The reasons of high transprothetic pressure gradient were analyzed according to the above different standard. Results In the 45 patients with high transprothetic pressure gradient after aortic valve replacement, prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) was in 33 cases, and prosthetic dysfunction was in 10 cases, among whom 5 cases were because of thrombus (3 cases improved after increasing the dosage of warfarin, 2 cases underwent re-aortic valve replacement), 3 cases were because of severe bioprosthetic calcification (underwent re-aortic valve replacement), and 2 cases were because of prosthetic ring pannus and influenced movement of the leaflets (underwent re-aortic valve replacement). High flow in the left ventricular outflow tract occurred in 2 cases. The patients had no obvious discomfort, and did not receive special treatment. Four cases died, among whom 2 cases were because of severe PPM, and the other 2 cases were because of noncardiac. Conclusions Many reasons can result to the high transprothetic pressure gradient, and the PMM is the most common reason. Choosing the right treatment plan can improve the survival rate of patients.

Objective To investigate the phototoxicity effects of the nanocompound of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) on rat astrocytes in vitro.Methods The spinal astrocytes cells were cultured successfully in vitro and then incubated with the UCNPs-MC540 of various concentrations and exposured 980 nm infrared laser irradiation of different energy densities.The cell survival rates of each group were detected by MTT assay.The cellular morphology was observed via transmission electron microscope after photodynamic therapy.Results UCNPs-MC540 of different concentrations without laser irradiation or laser of different energy had no significant effects on cell survival rates.when cells incubated with 100 μg/ml UCNPs-MC540 for 12 h underwent laser irradiation of different energy,the cellular survival rates significantly decreased with the increased energy densities.when the cells incubated with UCNPs-MC540 of various concentrations for 12 h underwent laser irradiation of 2 000 J/cm2,the cellular survival rates significantly decreased with the increased concentrations.Compared with controls,the TEM show the apoptosis sign in the cells incubated with 200 μg/ml UCNPs-MC540 after laser irradiation of 2 000 J/cm2.Conclusion The UCNPs-MC540 mediated photodynamic therapy have effective killing effect on astrocytes by the mechanism of induction the apoptosis.

Objective To explore the feasibility of tubular model based segmentation method for cystic artery and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction model of Calot's triangle.Methods A tubular model based 3D region growing algorithm was proposed for the segmentation of cystic arteries and its adjacent vessels from 13 patients' CT images in DICOM format.The data was transferred to 3D visualization workstation based on a set of CalotShow1.0 software for 3D reconstruction.Results The method could effectively segment cystic artery and obtain the 3D model of Calot's triangle.Conclusions The 3D reconstruction model based on tubular model related vessel segmentation method and CalotShow1.0 can accurately display the spatial positions and adjacent relationships of cystic artery and Calot's triangle.

Objective Sylvian Veins morphology analysis contributes to cortex veins protection for clear surgical fields, a better choice for operation plan evaluation. Methods 33 cases diagnosed as epilepsy, male∶female=19∶14, mean ages 18.7y (9-52). Results 4 types of Sylvian Veins spreading were observed from the procession of functional surgery: long stem pattern 49%(16/33), short stem pattern 15%(5/33), long truncks pattern 33%(11/33), and absent stem pattern 3%(1/33). Conclusion Sylvian Veins morphology analysis shows that there exist 4 main patterns, which may contribute to functional surgery about frontal operculum, temporal operculum and insular lobe or intracranial electrode placement.