ObjectiveTo elucidate the chemical composition of Danshenyin and its blood components in rats after oral administration. MethodsUltra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） coupled with PeakView 1.2 software was used to systematically characterize and identify the components of Danshenyin aqueous extract and its migratory components in rat blood after oral administration based on the retention time， quasi-molecular ion peaks， secondary fragmentation ions， and literature reports， and a preliminary compounds identification of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma aqueous extract， the co-decoction of Santali Albi Lignum and Amomi Fructus was carried out to attribute the chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of Danshenyin. ResultsA total of 73 compounds， including 21 phenolic acids， 23 diterpenes， 6 flavonoids， 7 organic acids， 3 volatile oils and 13 others， were identified from the aqueous extract of Danshenyin. And 36 prototypes and 15 metabolites were identified in rat plasma， the major metabolic pathways included reduction， hydration， hydroxylation， demethylation， methylation， sulfation and others， these metabolites were mainly derived from tanshinones and salvianolic acids. ConclusionThe main blood components of the aqueous extract of Danshenyin are salvianolic acids and tanshinones， which may be the material basis of the efficacy. This study can provide reference for pharmacological research， quality control， and clinical application of Danshenyin.

Objective To investigate the behavioral changes and monoamine neurotransmitter levels in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced depression and explore the potential effects of Vitamin B12(VitB12)on CUMS model rats and the underlying mechanisms.Methods A total of 72 Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups,a control group,a CUMS group(subjected to three weeks of CUMS),and a CUMS+VitB12 group(CUMS rats receiving microinjections of VitB12 in the neck).The body mass of the rats was measured,and behavioral assessments were conducted using the sucrose preference test,open field test,and forced swimming test.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to analyze the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters,including 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),norepinephrine(NE),and dopamine(DA),in each group of rats.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was performed to observe pathological changes in hippocampal neurons.Western blot was performed to detect the expression of signal pathway-related proteins,including brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB),and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)response element-binding protein(CREB)in the hippocampal tissue.Results Starting from week 5,rats in the CUMS group exhibited lower average body mass compared to the control group,while the CUMS+VitB12 group showed a significant increase in body mass compared to the CUMS group(P＜0.05).At weeks 3 and 6,sucrose preference of rats in the CUMS group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.001).At week 3,sucrose consumption in the CUMS+VitB12 group was significantly higher than that in the CUMS group(P＜0.01),with a more pronounced increase observed in week 6(P＜0.001).Starting from week 4,the CUMS group showed reduced scores in grid crossing,grooming,and rearing activities in the open field test compared to the control group,indicating reduced locomotor activity and exploratory behavior(P＜0.001).The CUMS+VitB12 group showed improved behavioral performance compared to the CUMS group(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).In the forced swimming test at weeks 3 and 6,the immobility time of rats in the CUMS group was significantly longer than that in the control group(P＜0.01).At week 6,the immobility time of rats in the CUMS+VitB12 group was significantly shorter compared to that of the CUMS group(P＜0.01).HPLC results showed that the levels of 5-HT,NE,and DA in the cerebral cortex of rats in the CUMS group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.01,P＜0.001),while these neurotransmitter levels were significantly higher in the CUMS+VitB12 group compared to those in the CUMS group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).HE staining results showed that the number of hippocampal cells in the CUMS group was significantly reduced,with shrunken nuclei,while the CUMS+VitB12 group showed an increased number of neurons with intact morphology compared to the CUMS group(P＜0.05).Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of BDNF,TrkB,and CREB proteins in the hippocampus were significantly lower in rats in the CUMS group than those in the control group(P＜0.05),while the expression levels of BDNF,TrkB,and phosphorylated CREB(p-CREB)were significantly higher in the CUMS+VitB12 group compared to the CUMS group(P＜0.05).Conclusion In CUMS rats,the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters(5-HT,NE,and DA)in the cerebral cortex of the brain are decreased,accompanied by a decrease in neuronal cells,which results in anxiety-and depression-like behaviors.VitB12 can upregulate the levels of these neurotransmitters,ameliorate the cytopathological conditions,and regulate the BDNF/TrkB/p-CREB signaling pathway,thereby alleviating depressive symptoms.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of holographic imaging-based digital localization technology in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy（RAPN）for the treatment of completely endophytic renal tumors.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 23 patients with completely endophytic renal tumors who underwent RAPN at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University between December 2022 and December 2024. Patients were divided into two groups based on the use of holographic imaging：the holographic imaging group（16 cases）and the conventional group（7 cases）. There was no statistically significant difference between the holographic imaging group and the conventional group in terms of age［（41.9 ± 13.4）years vs.（46.9 ± 13.4）years］，body mass index［（25.6 ± 4.8）kg/m2 vs.（24.7 ± 3.1）kg/m2］，maximum tumor diameter［（3.1 ± 0.9）cm vs.（3.0 ± 9.0）cm］，tumor volume［（13.2 ± 9.0）cm3 vs.（34.9 ± 9.9）cm3］，R.E.N.A.L. score［（9.4 ± 1.2）points vs.（9.9 ± 0.7）points］，PADUA score［（10.4 ± 0.7）points vs.（9.4 ± 0.7）points］，proportion of T 1a stage patients［12 cases（75.0%）vs. 6 cases（85.7%）］and preoperative serum creatinine［（67.4 ± 9.5）μmol/L vs.（78.0 ± 16.0）μmol/L］. In the holographic group，holographic models were reconstructed based on preoperative enhanced CT or MRI images and used for preoperative planning and intraoperative localization. In the conventional group，surgeons relied on preoperative CT or MRI images for cognitive fusion during RAPN. Perioperative parameters such as warm ischemia time，operative time，tumor localization time，positive surgical margin rate，and renal function were compared between the two groups. Results:The operative time in the holographic group was significantly shorter than that in the conventional group［（152.8 ± 12.9）min vs.（218.4 ± 105.5）min， P = 0.001］. Warm ischemia time［（26.9 ± 3.4）min vs.（30.7 ± 3.8）min， P < 0.001］，localization time［（4.2 ± 0.9）min vs.（8.9 ± 1.7）min， P < 0.001］，and estimated blood loss［（47.0 ± 17.7）ml vs.（128.6 ± 87.8）ml， P < 0.001］were also significantly lower in the holographic group. In the conventional group，one patient underwent radical nephrectomy，while no patient in the holographic imaging group required conversion to radical nephrectomy. No cases of positive surgical margins were identified in either group. Serum creatinine levels measured one month after surgery showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups［（79.5 ± 15.7）μmol /L vs.（104.9 ± 22.5）μmol /L］. Conclusions:The application of holographic imaging-based digital localization technology in RAPN for completely endophytic renal tumors significantly reduces operative time，localization time，warm ischemia time，and intraoperative blood loss. This technology improves surgical efficiency and success rates，offering distinct clinical advantages.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of holographic imaging-based digital localization technology in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy（RAPN）for the treatment of completely endophytic renal tumors.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 23 patients with completely endophytic renal tumors who underwent RAPN at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University between December 2022 and December 2024. Patients were divided into two groups based on the use of holographic imaging：the holographic imaging group（16 cases）and the conventional group（7 cases）. There was no statistically significant difference between the holographic imaging group and the conventional group in terms of age［（41.9 ± 13.4）years vs.（46.9 ± 13.4）years］，body mass index［（25.6 ± 4.8）kg/m2 vs.（24.7 ± 3.1）kg/m2］，maximum tumor diameter［（3.1 ± 0.9）cm vs.（3.0 ± 9.0）cm］，tumor volume［（13.2 ± 9.0）cm3 vs.（34.9 ± 9.9）cm3］，R.E.N.A.L. score［（9.4 ± 1.2）points vs.（9.9 ± 0.7）points］，PADUA score［（10.4 ± 0.7）points vs.（9.4 ± 0.7）points］，proportion of T 1a stage patients［12 cases（75.0%）vs. 6 cases（85.7%）］and preoperative serum creatinine［（67.4 ± 9.5）μmol/L vs.（78.0 ± 16.0）μmol/L］. In the holographic group，holographic models were reconstructed based on preoperative enhanced CT or MRI images and used for preoperative planning and intraoperative localization. In the conventional group，surgeons relied on preoperative CT or MRI images for cognitive fusion during RAPN. Perioperative parameters such as warm ischemia time，operative time，tumor localization time，positive surgical margin rate，and renal function were compared between the two groups. Results:The operative time in the holographic group was significantly shorter than that in the conventional group［（152.8 ± 12.9）min vs.（218.4 ± 105.5）min， P = 0.001］. Warm ischemia time［（26.9 ± 3.4）min vs.（30.7 ± 3.8）min， P < 0.001］，localization time［（4.2 ± 0.9）min vs.（8.9 ± 1.7）min， P < 0.001］，and estimated blood loss［（47.0 ± 17.7）ml vs.（128.6 ± 87.8）ml， P < 0.001］were also significantly lower in the holographic group. In the conventional group，one patient underwent radical nephrectomy，while no patient in the holographic imaging group required conversion to radical nephrectomy. No cases of positive surgical margins were identified in either group. Serum creatinine levels measured one month after surgery showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups［（79.5 ± 15.7）μmol /L vs.（104.9 ± 22.5）μmol /L］. Conclusions:The application of holographic imaging-based digital localization technology in RAPN for completely endophytic renal tumors significantly reduces operative time，localization time，warm ischemia time，and intraoperative blood loss. This technology improves surgical efficiency and success rates，offering distinct clinical advantages.

Objective To investigate the relationship between mean platelet volume/lymphocyte ratio(MPVLR)and left atrial thrombosis in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation(NVAF).Methods A total of 178 elderly patients with NVAF admitted to the hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were enrolled in the study.The patients were divided into thrombosis group(28 cases)and non-throm-bosis group(150 cases)according to the left atrial thrombosis judged by using esophageal echocardiography(TEE).The white blood cell count(WBC),red blood cell count(RBC),lymphocyte count,lymphocyte pro-portion,platelet count(PLT)and mean platelet volume(MPV)were detected by automatic blood cell analy-zer,and MPVLR was calculated.The liver and kidney function indicators and blood lipid indicators were detec-ted by automatic biochemical analyzer.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of MPV,lymphocyte ratio and MPVLR for left atrial thrombosis in NVAF patients.Multiva-riate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of left atrial thrombosis in elderly NVAF patients.Results MPV,lymphocyte proportion and MPVLR in the thrombosis group were higher than those in the non-thrombosis group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of MPV,lymphocyte ratio and MPVLR for predicting left atrial thrombosis in NVAF patients were 0.821(95％CI:0.764-0.882),0.771(95％CI:0.714-0.842)and 0.901(95％CI:0.861-0.949).respectively.The course of disease in the thrombosis group was longer than that in the non-thrombosis group,the proportion of patients with chronic heart failure,the proportion of patients with stroke,CH A2DS2-VASc score,LAEF,LAD,LVEDV,MPVLR,serum uric acid,MPV,lymphocyte proportion and MPVLR were higher than those in the non-thrombosis group,and LVEF was lower than that in the non-thrombosis group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression a-nalysis showed that disease duration ≥1.93 years(OR=3.050,95％CI:1.928-4.824),chronic heart failure(OR=3.333,95％CI:1.808-6.144),MPVLR≥3.10(OR=3.873,95％CI:1.734-8.650)were independ-ent risk factors for left atrial thrombosis in elderly NVAF patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion The increase of MPVLR is associated with left atrial thrombosis in elderly patients with NVAF,and it can be used as a an in-dicator to predict left atrial thrombosis in patients with NVAF.

Background::Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects approximately 10% of adults worldwide. CM310 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-4 receptor alpha that blocks interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling. This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CM310 in Chinese adults with moderate-to-severe AD.Methods::This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial was conducted in 21 medical institutions in China from February to November 2021. Totally 120 eligible patients were enrolled and randomized (1:1:1) to receive subcutaneous injections of 300 mg CM310, 150 mg CM310, or placebo every 2 weeks for 16 weeks, followed by an 8-week follow-up period. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving ≥75% improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI-75) score from baseline at week 16. Safety and pharmacodynamics were also studied.Results::At week 16, the proportion of EASI-75 responders from baseline was significantly higher in the CM310 groups (70% [28/40] for high-dose and 65% [26/40] for low-dose) than that in the placebo group (20%[8/40]). The differences in EASI-75 response rate were 50% (high vs. placebo, 95% CI 31%–69%) and 45% (low vs. placebo, 95% CI 26%–64%), with both P values <0.0001. CM310 at both doses also significantly improved the EASI score, Investigator’s Global Assessment score, daily peak pruritus Numerical Rating Scale, AD-affected body surface area, and Dermatology Life Quality Index compared with placebo. CM310 treatment reduced levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, total immunoglobulin E, lactate dehydrogenase, and blood eosinophils. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was similar among all three groups, with the most common TEAEs reported being upper respiratory tract infection, atopic dermatitis, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia. No severe adverse events were deemed to be attributed to CM310. Conclusion::CM310 at 150 mg and 300 mg every 2 weeks demonstrated significant efficacy and was well-tolerated in adults with moderate-to-severe AD.Trial Registration::ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04805411.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic mucosal resection with ligation device (EMR-L) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the rectal neuroendocrine neoplasm (rNEN) ( ≤ 10 mm).Methods Databases such as the Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,SinoMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Weipu and Wanfang database were searched by computer.The retrieval time limit was December 13,2023.The literatures on the efficacy of EMR-L and ESD in treatment of rNEN patients were collected.Two researchers independently screened the literatures and extracted the data,evaluated the methodological quality by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).The Rev Man 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis and funnel plot,and STATA 18.0 was used for publication bias detection.Results 14 literatures were included in the study involving 1,234 patients,including 488 patients in the EMR-L group,518 patients in the ESD group and other operation types 228 cases.Meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in histological complete resection rate between the EMR-L group and the ESD group (O(R)=1.24,95％CI:0.54～2.86,P=0.610);The difference was not statistically significant of lesion diameter (WMD=-0.27,95％CI:-0.77～0.23,P=0.290);The operative time of EMR-L group was significantly shorter than that of ESD (WMD=-12.71,95％CI:-17.51～-7.92,P=0.000);There was no significant difference in the positive rate of horizontal and vertical margins between groups (P>0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidence of total complications,postoperative delayed bleeding and intestinal perforation among the groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Compared with ESD,the treatment of rNEN with diameter ≤ 10 mm by EMR-L is comparable effective and save more time.EMR-L is suitable for extensive using because of simple technical requirements for surgical instruments and endoscopists.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic mucosal resection with ligation device (EMR-L) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the rectal neuroendocrine neoplasm (rNEN) ( ≤ 10 mm).Methods Databases such as the Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,SinoMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Weipu and Wanfang database were searched by computer.The retrieval time limit was December 13,2023.The literatures on the efficacy of EMR-L and ESD in treatment of rNEN patients were collected.Two researchers independently screened the literatures and extracted the data,evaluated the methodological quality by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).The Rev Man 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis and funnel plot,and STATA 18.0 was used for publication bias detection.Results 14 literatures were included in the study involving 1,234 patients,including 488 patients in the EMR-L group,518 patients in the ESD group and other operation types 228 cases.Meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in histological complete resection rate between the EMR-L group and the ESD group (O(R)=1.24,95％CI:0.54～2.86,P=0.610);The difference was not statistically significant of lesion diameter (WMD=-0.27,95％CI:-0.77～0.23,P=0.290);The operative time of EMR-L group was significantly shorter than that of ESD (WMD=-12.71,95％CI:-17.51～-7.92,P=0.000);There was no significant difference in the positive rate of horizontal and vertical margins between groups (P>0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidence of total complications,postoperative delayed bleeding and intestinal perforation among the groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Compared with ESD,the treatment of rNEN with diameter ≤ 10 mm by EMR-L is comparable effective and save more time.EMR-L is suitable for extensive using because of simple technical requirements for surgical instruments and endoscopists.

【Objective】 To investigate the clinical value of transrectal contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in different total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) intervals. 【Methods】 According to serum tPSA levels, 96 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were divided into 3 groups:4-10 ng/mL, >10-20 ng/mL and >20 ng/mL groups. All patients underwent transrectal CEUS. With pathological results as reference, the diagnostic value of transrectal CEUS in different tPSA intervals was evaluated. 【Results】 Of the 96 cases, 62 were confirmed by pathology as prostate cancer and 34 as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The main perfusion characteristics of prostate cancer under CEUS were rapid enhancement (64.52%), rapid clearance (70.97%), uneven enhancement (83.87%) and high enhancement (61.29%);the main characteristics of BPH were non-rapid enhancement (70.59%), non-rapid clearance (73.53%), uniform enhancement (76.47%) and non-high enhancement (52.94%). There were significant differences in terms of enhancement speed, clearance speed and enhancement uniformity between prostate cancer and BPH (P<0.05), but no significant difference in the enhancement intensity. The sensitivity of transrectal CEUS in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in low, medium and high tPSA groups were 58.33%, 70.37% and 95.65%, the specificity were 83.33%, 76.92% and 66.67%, and the accuracy were 73.33%, 72.50% and 92.31%, respectively. Transrectal CEUS showed consistency at different serum tPSA levels for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, with statistical significance. Moreover, in the 4.0 ng/mL ≤tPSA<10.0 ng/mL group, the diagnostic specificity was the highest. 【Conclusion】 Transrectal CEUS is helpful in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant prostatic lesions, especially for patients with different serum tPSA levels.

Five new racemic N-acetyldopamine (NADA) trimers, asponchimides A-E (1-5), were isolated from Aspongopus chinensis, a prominent traditional Chinese medicinal insect employed for alleviating pain, treating indigestion, and addressing kidney ailments. Compounds 1-5 were successfully resolved by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), yielding five pairs of enantiomers: (+)- and (-)-asponchimides A-E (1a/1b-5a/5b). Their structural identities were discerned by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1-5 are pioneering instances of NADA trimers featuring a Δ⁷ double bond. When subjected to a series of bioassays, a majority of the compounds exhibited weak inhibitory activity against nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.
Molecular Structure ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Dopamine ; Nitric Oxide