Objective: To investigate the awareness rate of non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) for AIDS and its influencing factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Methods: From January to June 2024, MSM aged ≥16 years in Yangzhou City were recruited using the snowball sampling method. Basic information, sexual behavior characteristics, awareness and usage of nPEP, and awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for AIDS were collected through questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting awareness of nPEP among MSM were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 740 participants were enrolled, with a median age of 29 (interquartile range, 14) years. There were 497 participants with a college degree and above educational level, accounting for 67.16%. A total of 541 participants resided in urban areas, accounting for 73.11%. The awareness rate of nPEP was 57.30%. The primary channels for awareness were the internet and healthcare institution promotions, with 159 and 119 participants, accounting for 37.50% and 28.07%, respectively. A total of 57 participants had utilized nPEP, with a usage rate of 7.70%. The main reason for using nPEP was having unprotected sex, with 21 participants, accounting for 36.84%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that unmarried MSM (OR=2.369, 95%CI: 1.236-4.540) and those who were aware of PrEP (OR=28.067, 95%CI: 17.664-44.597) had a significantly higher likelihood of being aware of nPEP. Conclusions The awareness rate and usage rate of nPEP among MSM in Yangzhou City are both relatively low. Awareness of nPEP is mainly influenced by marital status and whether participants are aware of PrEP.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that affects the vision of elderly individuals worldwide. Although current therapeutics have shown effectiveness against AMD, some patients may remain unresponsive and continue to experience disease progression. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of the mechanism underlying AMD pathogenesis is urgently required to identify potential drug targets for AMD treatment. Recently, studies have suggested that dysfunction of mitochondria can lead to the aggregation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) innate immunity pathways, ultimately resulting in sterile inflammation and cell death in various cells, such as cardiomyocytes and macrophages. Therefore, combining strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory mediators may hold great potential in facilitating AMD management. Notably, emerging evidence indicates that natural products targeting mitochondrial quality control (MQC) and the cGAS/STING innate immunity pathways exhibit promise in treating AMD. Here, we summarize phytochemicals that could directly or indirectly influence the MQC and the cGAS/STING innate immunity pathways, as well as their interconnected mediators, which have the potential to mitigate oxidative stress and suppress excessive inflammatory responses, thereby hoping to offer new insights into therapeutic interventions for AMD treatment.

CD8⁺ T cell-based immune-therapeutics, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), T cell receptor-engineered T cells (TCR-T), chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T)), have achieved significant successes and prolonged patient survival to varying extents and even achieved cure in some cases. However, immunotherapy resistance and tumor insusceptibility frequently occur, leading to treatment failure. Recent evidences have highlighted the ponderance of tumor cells metabolic reprogramming in establishing an immunosuppressive milieu through the secretion of harmful metabolites, immune-inhibitory cytokines, and alteration of gene expression, which suppress the activity of immune cells, particularly CD8⁺ T cells to evade immune surveillance. Therefore, targeting tumor cell metabolic adaptations to reshape the immune microenvironment holds promise as an immunomodulatory strategy to facilitate immunotherapy. Here, we summarize recent advances in the crosstalk between immunotherapy and tumor reprogramming, focusing on the regulatory mechanisms underlying tumor cell glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism in influencing CD8⁺ T cells to provide promising metabolic targets or combinational strategies for immunotherapy.

Objective To achieve non-invasive and precise prediction of mean arterial pressure(MAP)based on a fully convolutional neural network(FCNN).Methods A high-precision blood pressure data acquisition system compliant with international metrological standards was used in conjunction with the'gold standard'auscultation method to collect blood pressure and pulse waveform data from patients.True MAP values were derived via Gaussian fitting of pulse waveform data,constructing a traceable dataset.The FCNN was applied to this dataset to develop a novel MAP prediction method.Additionally,the predictive accuracy of the FCNN was compared with linear regression and conventional empirical formulas.Results The mean squared errors(MSE)for MAP prediction using the FCNN,linear regression,and empirical formulas were 19.76,21.40,and 30.97,respectively.The coefficients of determination(R2)were 0.90,0.89,and 0.84,and the prediction accuracies were 0.90,0.89,and 0.85,respectively.Conclusions By using systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,age,and arm circumference as input parameters,the FCNN-based MAP prediction method significantly reduces the bias of empirical formulas.This approach not only improves the accuracy of hemodynamic boundary condition acquisition but also contributes to refining the metrological traceability system of non-invasive blood pressure measurement.

Objective To achieve non-invasive and precise prediction of mean arterial pressure(MAP)based on a fully convolutional neural network(FCNN).Methods A high-precision blood pressure data acquisition system compliant with international metrological standards was used in conjunction with the'gold standard'auscultation method to collect blood pressure and pulse waveform data from patients.True MAP values were derived via Gaussian fitting of pulse waveform data,constructing a traceable dataset.The FCNN was applied to this dataset to develop a novel MAP prediction method.Additionally,the predictive accuracy of the FCNN was compared with linear regression and conventional empirical formulas.Results The mean squared errors(MSE)for MAP prediction using the FCNN,linear regression,and empirical formulas were 19.76,21.40,and 30.97,respectively.The coefficients of determination(R2)were 0.90,0.89,and 0.84,and the prediction accuracies were 0.90,0.89,and 0.85,respectively.Conclusions By using systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,age,and arm circumference as input parameters,the FCNN-based MAP prediction method significantly reduces the bias of empirical formulas.This approach not only improves the accuracy of hemodynamic boundary condition acquisition but also contributes to refining the metrological traceability system of non-invasive blood pressure measurement.

CD8+T cell-based immune-therapeutics,including immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies(tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs),T cell receptor-engineered T cells(TCR-T),chimeric antigen receptor T cells(CAR-T)),have achieved significant successes and prolonged patient survival to varying extents and even achieved cure in some cases.However,immunotherapy resistance and tumor insusceptibility frequently occur,leading to treatment failure.Recent evidences have highlighted the ponderance of tumor cells metabolic reprogramming in establishing an immunosuppressive milieu through the secretion of harmful metabolites,immune-inhibitory cytokines,and alteration of gene expression,which suppress the activity of immune cells,particularly CD8+T cells to evade immune surveillance.Therefore,targeting tumor cell metabolic adaptations to reshape the immune microenvi-ronment holds promise as an immunomodulatory strategy to facilitate immunotherapy.Here,we summarize recent advances in the crosstalk between immunotherapy and tumor reprogramming,focusing on the regulatory mechanisms underlying tumor cell glucose metabolism,amino acid meta-bolism,and lipid metabolism in influencing CD8+T cells to provide promising metabolic targets or combinational strategies for immunotherapy.

Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a disease that affects the vision of elderly individuals worldwide.Although current therapeutics have shown effectiveness against AMD,some patients may remain unresponsive and continue to experience disease progression.Therefore,in-depth knowledge of the mechanism underlying AMD pathogenesis is urgently required to identify potential drug targets for AMD treatment.Recently,studies have suggested that dysfunction of mitochondria can lead to the ag-gregation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes(STING)innate immunity pathways,ultimately resulting in sterile inflammation and cell death in various cells,such as cardiomyocytes and macrophages.Therefore,combining strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory mediators may hold great potential in facilitating AMD management.Notably,emerging evidence indicates that natural products targeting mitochondrial quality control(MQC)and the cGAS/STING innate immunity pathways exhibit promise in treating AMD.Here,we summarize phytochemicals that could directly or indirectly influence the MQC and the cGAS/STING innate immunity pathways,as well as their interconnected mediators,which have the potential to mitigate oxidative stress and suppress excessive inflammatory responses,thereby hoping to offer new insights into therapeutic interventions for AMD treatment.

Objective: o analyze the epidemic characteristics of five sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including syphilis, gonorrhea, condyloma acuminatum, genital herpes and genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2023, so as to provide the reference for the prevention and control strategies of STDs. Methods: Data of the onset time and diagnostic types of STDs cases in Yangzhou City from 2019 to 2023 were collected from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The temporal, regional and population characteristics of five types of STDs was analyzed using the descriptive epidemiological method. Results: A total of 10 895 cases of STDs were reported in Yangzhou City from 2019 to 2023, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 47.83/105. The average annual reported incidence rates of syphilis, gonorrhea, condyloma acuminatum, genital herpes and genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections were 41.11/105, 2.83/105, 2.59/105, 0.43/105 and 0.85/105, respectively. The reported incidence rate of STDs showed a decreasing trend from 2019 to 2023 (P<0.05), with an average annual growth rate of -3.44%. The reported incidence rates of syphilis and gonorrhea showed a decreasing trend (both P<0.05), with average annual growth rates of -4.26% and -6.47%, respectively. The reported incidence rate of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection showed an increasing trend (P<0.05), with an average annual growth rate of 22.32%. Baoying County, Guangling District and Hanjiang District had the top three reported incidence rates of STDs, at 56.61/105, 55.61/105 and 46.50/105, respectively. The average annual reported incidence rate of STDs among males was higher than that among females (53.19/105 vs. 42.54/105, P<0.05). The STD cases were primarily people aged 50 years and above, with 6 641 cases accounting for 60.95%. The occupations of STD cases were mainly farmers, housekeepers and unemployed, with 4 670 and 3 273 cases accounting for 42.86% and 30.04%, respectively. Conclusions The overall reported incidence of STDs in Yangzhou City from 2019 to 2023 showed a downward trend, while the reported incidence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection showed an upward trend. The individuals aged 50 years and above, farmers, housekeepers and the unemployed were identified as high-risk groups for STDs.

Objective To explore the correlation of MET status in patients with advanced prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma with the clinical pathological parameters and prognosis. Methods The specimen from 135 patients with advanced prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma was included. The expression of c-MET protein was detected via immunohistochemistry, and MET gene amplification was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The relationships of c-MET expression and gene amplification with clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of c-MET was 52.60% (71/135). Compared with the c-MET expression in adjacent tissues, that in tumor tissues showed lower heterogeneous expression. Among the cases, 1.71% (2/117) exhibited MET gene polyploidy, but no gene amplification was detected. Positive c-MET expression was significantly correlated with high Gleason scores and grade groups (P=0.0073). However, no significant relationship was found between c-MET expression and progression-free survival or post-treatment t-PSA levels. Conclusion c-MET protein is expressed at a relatively low level in advanced prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma, suggesting that c-MET may not be a viable target for ADC drug development in prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma.

Hepatic fibrosis is the common key pathological link of various chronic liver diseases and can progress to malignant diseases such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma； however， there is still a lack of effective targeted therapeutic drugs at present. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a marked clinical effect in the prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis， yet its precise clinical application and global promotion are greatly limited by the complex components of compound prescriptions and unclear mechanism of action. In recent years， multimodal high-throughput omics technology has achieved rapid development， providing strong technical support for elaborating on the scientific connotation of TCM in the treatment of complex diseases due to its advantages of systematic profiling， big-data analytics， and precise target prediction. In particular， integrated transcriptomic， proteomic， and metabolomic strategies comprehensively elucidate key signaling networks， cellular phenotypic transitions， and extracellular matrix metabolic homeostasis modulated by TCM compounds and monomers and assist in the screening and assessment of effective component groups and novel biomarkers. This article systematically reviews the advances in basic research on TCM prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis based on multi-omics technologies in the past five years， summarizes the “drug-target-pathway-phenotype” regulatory network， and elaborates on the core mechanisms of TCM in regulating hepatic stellate cell activation and reversing hepatic fibrosis. Future studies should further delve into the interdisciplinary integration and dynamic analytical methodologies of multi-omics technologies， precisely identify the core regulatory target networks modulated by TCM， and systematically unravel the scientific connotation of compatibility rule in compound prescriptions， in order to provide a theoretical basis for developing efficient targeted drugs for hepatic fibrosis and individualized diagnosis and treatment strategies.