To summarize the distribution characteristics of human papillomavirus(HPV) infection types in patients with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion(SIL) and cervical cancer(CC), and to explore the impact of HPV vaccination, HPV infection types, and general clinical data on different grades of cervical lesions.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the pathological accumulation ofα‑synuclein. Although extensive progress has been made in elucidating its pathogenesis, current therapeutic approaches remain largely symptomatic, and effective disease-modifying treatments are still unavailable. Increasing evidence indicates that PD is driven by the interaction of multiple pathological processes, including neuroinflammation, iron homeostasis dysregulation and ferroptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and impaired protein homeostasis, which together contribute to neuronal vulnerability and degeneration. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) comprise a family of 22 ligands that play important roles in neural development, stress responses, metabolic regulation, and the maintenance of nervous system homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that several FGF family members, such as FGF1, FGF2, FGF9, and FGF21, exert neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal models of PD. These effects include the regulation of inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, iron homeostasis, cellular stress adaptation, and neuronal survival. Compared with therapeutic strategies targeting a single pathogenic pathway, FGFs appear to influence multiple disease-related processes, suggesting their potential relevance to the complex pathophysiology of PD. Experimental evidence indicates that altered FGF signaling may contribute to dopaminergic neuron dysfunction through the coordinated regulation of several interconnected mechanisms. FGFs have been reported to modulate neuroinflammation by affecting the activation of microglia and astrocytes, thereby influencing the inflammatory environment in the central nervous system. In addition, FGFs are involved in the regulation of iron homeostasis and ferroptosis, partly through antioxidant signaling pathways associated with NRF2, SLC7A11, and GPX4. Moreover, FGFs can alleviate ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction by activating intracellular signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, AMPK-PGC-1α, as well as SIRT1-dependent programs, which support cellular energy metabolism and redox balance. Recent advances in single-cell and spatial transcriptomic studies further suggest that FGF signaling is not limited to neuron-intrinsic mechanisms but also involves interactions among different glial cell types. Altered FGF ligand-receptor communication between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes has been observed in PD models and is associated with increased susceptibility of dopaminergic neurons to oxidative stress and ferroptosis. These findings indicate that the biological effects of FGFs are influenced by cell type and disease stage and may vary under different pathological conditions. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the roles of FGF family members in PD, with a focus on their involvement in iron homeostasis dysregulation and ferroptosis, neuroinflammation, cellular stress responses, and neuronal protection and regeneration. By integrating current evidence, this review aims to provide a clearer understanding of how FGFs participate in PD pathogenesis and to offer a theoretical basis for future studies exploring their potential value in disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.

ObjectiveGastric hemorrhage is one of the most common and life-threatening emergencies of the upper digestive tract. Early identification and continuous monitoring are essential for reducing rebleeding rates and mortality, particularly within the critical early hours after onset. Although endoscopy and radiological imaging can accurately localize bleeding sites, these approaches are invasive, resource-intensive, and unsuitable for continuous bedside monitoring. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT), as a noninvasive and radiation-free functional imaging technique, offers real-time visualization of conductivity distribution and has the potential for detecting intragastric bleeding based on the electrical contrast between blood and surrounding gastric tissues. In this study, a three-dimensional gastric EIT (3D-gEIT) framework is proposed to achieve noninvasive, real-time, and dynamic monitoring of gastric hemorrhage, with emphasis on spatial localization and quantitative volume assessment. MethodsA three-dimensional upper-abdominal simulation model incorporating the stomach, gastric wall, gastric contents, and surrounding tissues was established. Three electrode configurations, namely the dual layer ring, the four layer staggered ring, and the opposed dual plane array, were designed and systematically compared to evaluate their influence on depth sensitivity and spatial resolution. Based on the Tikhonov-Noser hybrid regularization scheme, a region-clustering constraint was introduced to develop the TK-Noser-RCC algorithm. This approach aggregates spatially adjacent elements with similar conductivity variations, thereby enhancing structural continuity and suppressing isolated noise artifacts. To validate the proposed framework, an upper-abdominal physical phantom was constructed using agar to simulate background tissue conductivity. Hemispherical high-conductivity inclusions with volumes ranging from 10 ml to 50 ml were attached to the inner gastric wall to mimic localized bleeding under different gastric filling states. Boundary voltages were acquired under a 120 kHz excitation current and reconstructed using the TK-Noser-RCC algorithm. Furthermore, an in vivo animal experiment was performed using a porcine model with adult-scale abdominal dimensions. A total of 100 ml of autologous blood was injected incrementally into the stomach to simulate progressive gastric hemorrhage, and time-difference EIT reconstruction was conducted at each injection stage to assess the dynamic system response under physiological conditions. ResultsSimulation results demonstrated that the opposed dual-plane electrode array achieved superior depth sensitivity distribution and spatial resolution. For a 40 ml hemorrhage model, the average ICC and SSIM improved by 55.9% and 38.8% compared with the dual-layer ring configuration, and by 64.0% and 39.5% compared with the four-layer staggered configuration. The proposed region-clustering constraint significantly enhanced reconstruction stability. Under added Gaussian noise of 40 dB and 30 dB, ICC values remained approximately 0.85, indicating effective artifact suppression and preservation of boundary integrity. In physical phantom experiments, reconstructed hemorrhage volumes increased approximately linearly with the preset hemispherical volumes, and the reconstructed high-conductivity regions closely matched the actual bleeding locations. Both empty-stomach and full-stomach conditions were evaluated, demonstrating that the opposed dual-plane configuration maintained stable imaging performance across varying gastric contents. In the animal experiment, reconstructed low-impedance regions expanded progressively with increasing injected blood volume. The spatial localization of the hemorrhage remained stable throughout the procedure, and no significant artifacts were observed. Quantitative analysis showed that reconstructed volume and average conductivity variation exhibited an approximately linear growth trend with injected blood volume, confirming the sensitivity of the system to dynamic intragastric conductivity changes. ConclusionThe proposed 3D-gEIT framework enables quantitative reconstruction of gastric hemorrhage volume and spatial distribution with improved depth sensitivity, structural continuity, and noise robustness compared with conventional EIT approaches. By integrating optimized electrode configuration and a region-clustering-constrained reconstruction algorithm, the system provides stable dynamic monitoring under both controlled phantom conditions and in vivo physiological environments. This method offers a noninvasive, real-time, and low-cost imaging strategy for early diagnosis, postoperative monitoring, and bedside surveillance of gastric bleeding.

To explore the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and integrative TCM-Western medicine approaches in the treatment of diabetic microvascular complications （DMC）， refine key pathophysiological insights and treatment principles， and promote academic innovation and strategic research planning in the prevention and treatment of DMC. The 38th session of the Expert Salon on Diseases Responding Specifically to Traditional Chinese Medicine， hosted by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， was held in Beijing， 2024. Experts in TCM， Western medicine， and interdisciplinary fields convened to conduct a systematic discussion on the pathogenesis， diagnostic and treatment challenges， and mechanism research related to DMC， ultimately forming a consensus on key directions. Four major research recommendations were proposed. The first is addressing clinical bottlenecks in the prevention and control of DMC by optimizing TCM-based evidence evaluation systems. The second is refining TCM core pathogenesis across DMC stages and establishing corresponding "disease-pattern-time" framework. The third is innovating mechanism research strategies to facilitate a shift from holistic regulation to targeted intervention in TCM. The fourth is advancing interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the role of TCM in new drug development， research prioritization， and guideline formulation. TCM and integrative approaches offer distinct advantages in managing DMC. With a focus on the diseases responding specifically to TCM， strengthening evidence-based support and mechanism interpretation and promoting the integration of clinical care and research innovation will provide strong momentum for the modernization of TCM and the advancement of national health strategies.

Objective To provide a scientific basis for vector prevention and control in port areas, vector monitoring has been conducted continuously to characterize the composition, density, and seasonal fluctuations of vectors across 21 port-areas of Shandong province from 2017 to 2023. Methods In accordance with the Regional Vector Monitoring Plan for Frontier Ports, vector surveillance of mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, rodents, and other disease vectors was performed. Data were analyzed to describe vector community composition and identify seasonal fluctuations. Results A total of 601 rodents belonging to 1 family, 4 genera, and 4 species were captured. Three dominant rodent species inhabit port areas. In addition, 88 104 mosquitoes were captured and classified into 3 subfamilies, 4 genera, and 12 species; 38 959 flies were trapped and classified into 8 families,31 genera, and 51 species, including 9 dominant fly species in port-areas; and 54 672 captured cockroaches were classified into 2 families,4 genera, and 4 species, with Blattella germanica as the dominant species. Conclusions Significant vector community changes(P＜0.005)have been identified after the epidemic. To improve the pertinence and efficacy of port health quarantine work, continuous and strong attention should be paid to vector compositions and population densities at Shandong ports.

The combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy is not merely a superposition of therapeutic effects but rather a dynamic competition involving radiation-induced damage, tissue repair programs, and antitumor immune amplification. Accumulating evidence indicates that heme metabolism does more than supply prosthetic groups. It acts as a critical interface connecting radiation stress, mitochondrial homeostasis, redox imbalance, iron metabolism, and tumor immune remodeling. Focusing on the "radiation-heme-immunotherapy" axis, this review systematically examines how radiation reshapes the heme synthesis-degradation network via reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts, Nrf2/BACH1 responses, mitochondrial damage, and disruption of iron homeostasis. In turn, these changes reprogram the cGAS-STING-type I interferon axis, myeloid cell polarization, T-cell function, and the hypoxic/stromal state of the tumor microenvironment. We pay special attention to the functional paradox of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1): it protects normal tissues from radiation injury yet promotes tumor tolerance. We propose that HO-1 outcomes are not determined solely by its expression level but are collectively shaped by the expressing cell type, the intensity and duration of induction, subcellular localization, and the microenvironmental context. Accordingly, HMOX1/HO-1 and related heme metabolic features may serve as novel biomarkers for patient stratification and sensitization of radioimmunotherapy combinations. The key to its clinical translation lies in establishing detection systems with spatial and temporal resolution and developing localized, temporally sequenced, and population-selective targeted therapeutic strategies.

Erythropoietin-producing hepatoma receptor A2 （EphA2） is a member of the erythropoietin-producing hepatoma （Eph） subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases. As a critical regulator of cancer development and progression， EphA2 can promote tumor initiation， growth， invasion， metastasis， stemness， and angiogenesis by activating or enhancing the oncogenic signaling pathways. High expression of EphA2 in tumor tissues is closely associated with poor prognosis， thus it is a very promising potential target for cancer treatment. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms by which EphA2 promotes cancer development and progression， aiming to provide clues and theoretical basis for EphA2-targeted cancer treatment.

Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among malignant tumors worldwide, posing a severe threat to human health. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers unique advantages in treating lung cancer, with disease-syndrome-integrated animal models serving as a critical component of TCM lung cancer research. According to TCM pathogenesis, lung cancer is classified as a pattern of underlying deficiency with superficial excess. Clinically, it is often categorized into syndromes such as qi and yin deficiency, lung-spleen qi deficiency, lung yin deficiency, qi stagnation and blood stasis, and phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs. Treatment should fundamentally adhere to the principle of "strengthening the healthy qi and expelling pathogenic factors". This paper systematically reviews literature from 2005 to 2025 on disease-syndrome-integrated animal models for lung cancer. It summarizes the theoretical basis and establishment methods of four core disease-syndrome-integrated models: qi-yin deficiency pattern, spleen qi deficiency pattern, qi stagnation and blood stasis pattern, and kidney deficiency pattern. Further discussion covers their evaluation systems and limitations. Additionally, modeling approaches for other patterns including yang deficiency, spleen deficiency, and qi deficiency with blood stasis are summarized, with evaluation methods categorized by behavioral characteristics and biochemical indicators. Analysis reveals that current models predominantly use C57BL/6 mice, exhibiting issues such as insufficient clinical relevance, complex modeling procedures, numerous confounding factors, and a low degree of standardization. Future improvements to disease-syndrome-integrated lung cancer animal models could include using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology to establish organoid–patient-derived xenograft models; developing controllable composite stress systems and standardized stimulus models, such as gradient-controlled alternating cold/heat chambers and programmed dietary regulation systems, to reduce nonspecific interference; and developing multidimensional dynamic modeling techniques by integrating clinical big data, including metabolomics and imaging features, to design dynamic intervention protocols, thereby providing more precise and reliable experimental tools for elucidating the mechanisms of TCM in lung cancer prevention and treatment.

Lung cancer constitutes the most prevalent and lethal malignant tumor in China. Approximately 85% of lung cancer diagnoses correspond to the non-small cell histological subtype [non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)]. Despite surgery being the mainstay for early-stage disease, postoperative recurrence remains high and adjuvant chemotherapy offers limited benefit. In recent years, targeted therapy has demonstrated substantial advantages in driver mutation-positive NSCLC. To this end, the Lung Cancer Medical Education Committee of the Chinese Medical Education Association developed guidelines based on a systematic review of evidence through November 2025, using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach and a modified Delphi method. Focusing on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and addressing ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) V600E mutation, and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) exon 14 (METex14) skipping, the guideline covers molecular testing, neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy, perioperative strategies, minimal residual disease monitoring, and postoperative surveillance. It defines testing requirements, specifies stage-directed and subtype-specific treatments, and standardizes minimal residual disease monitoring. These recommendations emphasize precision and feasibility to improve survival and quality of life.

Objective: To investigate the current status of institutional review board construction in blood collection and supply institutions in China, and to provide evidence for standardized management of transfusion medicine ethics. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the development of institutional review boards in blood collection and supply institutions in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country, excluding hong kong, macao and taiwan. Data were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Among 83 blood collection and supply institutions, the establishment rate of institutional review boards was 66.27% (55/83), with a higher rate in blood centers than in central blood stations. Of the 55 ethics review committees, 83.64% (46/55) uploaded information and completed registration in the National Medical Research Registration and Filing Information System. The registration rate was higher in blood centers than in central blood stations. On average, each institutional review board conducted 3 initial reviews and approved 2 research projects. The number of initial review items and the number of approved research projects were higher in blood centers than in central blood stations. Common problems in both blood centers and central blood stations included the appointment of the main leader as the director or deputy director, insufficient allocation of ethics professionals, and the general absence of an ethical review system for emergencies. Most committees lacked independent venues, and continuous training coverage was incomplete. Meanwhile, blood collection and supply institutions generally showed high level of ethical recognition of existing blood donation incentive measures. Conclusion: Progress has been made in the construction of transfusion medicine ethics in China; however, shortcomings remain in independence, professional composition of committee members, continuous training, and emergency response systems, requiring targeted improvements.