VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome is an adult-onset, X-linked clonal autoinflammatory disease caused by somatic mutations in the UBA1 gene, characterized by systemic inflammation accompanied by hematologic clonal abnormalities. Somatic UBA1 mutations result in impaired ubiquitination, disruption of protein homeostasis, and sustained activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, including nuclear factor-κB and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT), which together constitute the core pathogenic mechanism. The disease involves multiple systems and tissues including the hematologic system, skin, cartilage and respiratory system, showing remarkable clinical heterogeneity. Diagnosis depends primarily on the combination of characteristic clinical manifestations and molecular confirmation of UBA1 mutations. Current therapeutic strategies lack a unified standard: glucocorticoids can rapidly control inflammation but are associated with high relapse rates, whereas targeted therapies such as JAK inhibitors, interleukin inhibitors, and hypomethylating agents show variable efficacy, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation offers curative potential in patients with concomitant myelodysplastic syndrome. This review systematically summarizes the genetic background, molecular mechanisms, clinical spectrum, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic advances of VEXAS syndrome.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between sleep patterns and myopia progression among younger school-age children at a primary school in Changning District of Shanghai, based on the data from the Shanghai Students’ Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Monitoring System and a sleep-specific survey, so as to provide data support for myopia prevention and control in this age group. MethodsOne primary school was selected from the common diseases and health influencing factors monitoring system for students in Changning District, Shanghai. A total of 230 first-grade students were included in the study. Myopia and refractive parameters were examined, and sleep patterns were investigated. General demographic characteristics and myopia-related behavior data of the students were also collected. Sleep patterns were evaluated in terms of sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and sleep quality, with the latter assessed using the Chinese version of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between sleep patterns and myopia progression among these students. ResultsThe results of the regression analyses revealed that the total CSHQ score of the students at baseline survey was (48.85±7.15) points. Their sleep efficiency was (94.49±8.48)%, sleep duration was (9.58±0.93) hours, and the proportion of those with insufficient sleep (<10 hours) was 78.26%. At baseline survey, students’ higher daytime sleepiness scores were associated with lower spherical equivalent (SE) ( β=-0.18, 95%CI: -0.31 to -0.04) and an increased risk of axial length (AL) / corneal radius (CR) ratio >3 (OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.00 to 2.29), whereas longer sleep duration and higher sleep efficiency were associated with higher SE (β=0.18, 95%CI: 0.05 to 0.32; β=0.17, 95%CI: 0.04 to 0.31, respectively), shorter (AL) (β=-0.15, 95%CI: -0.27 to -0.03; β=-0.13, 95%CI: -0.25 to 0, respectively) and a reduced risk of AL /CR>3 (OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.51 to 0.96; OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.53 to 0.99, respectively). At baseline survey, children’s higher propensity for sleep problems (OR=1.70, 95%CI: 1.04 to 2.78), sleep resistance (OR=2.26, 95%CI: 1.36 to 3.75), and sleep anxiety scores (OR=2.15, 95%CI: 1.33 to 3.48) were all associated with an increased risk of AL/CR >3 at follow-up (all P<0.05). Furthermore, higher sleep anxiety scores predicted prolonged AL at follow-up (β=0.03, 95%CI: 0 to 0.05). According to the mixed-effects model, higher daytime sleepiness scores and prolonged sleep duration were independently linked to reduced right-eye SE (β=-0.05, 95%CI: -0.10 to 0, P<0.05) and shorter right-eye AL (β=-0.05, 95%CI: -0.10 to 0, P<0.05). ConclusionIn this school in Shanghai, there are problems of insufficient and poor-quality sleep among young children. Sleep problems such as sleep resistance, delayed sleep onset, sleep anxiety, and daytime sleepiness among children may accelerate the risk of myopia progression, while longer sleep duration and higher sleep efficiency may serve as protective factors against the occurrence and development of myopia.

Objective To explore the effects of exosomes loaded with ginsenoside Rh2 on the biological functions of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Methods Both Huh7 and PLC/PRF/5 cell were equally divided into control group, exosome group (Exos group), drug group (G-Rh2 group), and exosomes-loaded-with-ginsenoside Rh2 group (Exos@G-Rh2 group). The effects of each group on the viability, clonogenic ability, migration ability, invasion ability, and apoptotic level of hepatocellular carcinoma cells were detected through CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, cell scratch assay, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry. Results Compared with the control group, the Exos@G-Rh2 group and G-Rh2 group showed significantly decreased cell viability, clonogenic ability, and migration and invasion capabilities, along with a markedly increased cell apoptosis rate (P<0.05). These changes were more pronounced in the Exos@G-Rh2 group than in the G-Rh2 group (P<0.05). Conclusion Exos@G-Rh2 can effectively inhibit the viability and clonogenic, migration, and invasion abilities of liver cancer cells and induce cell apoptosis. This effect is stronger than that of free G-Rh2 at the same concentration.

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of remote robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery utilizing 5G technology. Methods Clinical data from five patients who underwent 5G remote robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery at the Thoracic Surgery Center of Gansu Provincial People's Hospital from May to October 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Finally, five patients were included. There were 2 males and 3 females at median age of 50 (42-63) years. All five surgeries (including 1 patient of lobectomy, 3 patients of partial lung resection and 1 patient of mediastinal lesion resection) were successfully completed without conversion to thoracotomy, complications, or mortality. The median intraoperative signal delay across the patients was 39 (37-42) ms. The median psychological load score for the surgeons was 9 (3-13). The median operation time was 100 (80-122) minutes with a median intraoperative blood loss of 100 (30-200) mL. Catheter drainage lasted a median of 4 (3-5) days, and the median drainage volumes on the first, second, and third postoperative day were 200 (100-300) mL, 150 (60-220) mL, and 80 (30-180) mL, respectively. The median postoperative hospital stay was 4 (3-7) days, and the median pain scores on the third postoperative day were 3 (1-4), 3 (0-3), and 1 (0-3), respectively. Conclusion 5G remote robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is safe and effective, with good surgical experience, smooth operation and small intraoperative delay.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of auricular electroacupuncture for post-stroke dysphagia in the pharyngeal phase. METHODS: Eighty-two patients with post-stroke dysphagia in the pharyngeal phase were randomized into an auricular electroacupuncture group (41 cases) and a swallowing electrical stimulation group (41 cases, 1 case dropped out). In the auricular electroacupuncture group, electroacupuncture was applied at auricular points, i.e. Xin (CO₁₅) and Yanhou (TG₃), using disperse-dense wave, in frequency of 2 Hz/10 Hz, 30 min a time. In the swallowing electrical stimulation group, swallowing electrical stimulation was delivered for 30 min a time. Both groups were treated once daily for 4 weeks. The functional oral intake scale (FOIS) grade, as well as the hyolaryngeal complex displacement, the pharyngeal constriction rate (PCR) and the pharyngeal delay time (PDT) under video fluoroscopic study of swallowing (VFSS) were observed before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated in the two groups. RESULTS: Compared before treatment, the FOIS grade was improved (P<0.01), the forward and upward displacement amplitude of hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage was increased (P<0.05), and the PCR and PDT were decreased (P<0.05) after treatment in the two groups. After treatment, compared with the swallowing electrical stimulation group, the FOIS grade was superior (P<0.01), the upward displacement amplitude of hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage was larger (P<0.05) and the PCR and PDT were lower (P<0.05) in the auricular electroacupuncture group. The total effective rate was 85.4% (35/41) in the auricular electroacupuncture group, which was higher than 62.5% (25/40) in the swallowing electrical stimulation group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Auricular electroacupuncture can effectively trigger pharyngeal initiation and improve post-stroke dysphagia in the pharyngeal phase.
Humans ; Electroacupuncture ; Male ; Deglutition Disorders/etiology* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Stroke/physiopathology* ; Pharynx/physiopathology* ; Acupuncture, Ear ; Acupuncture Points ; Deglutition ; Treatment Outcome ; Adult

ObjectiveChinese patent medicines for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are diverse and complex in their efficacy. The traditional classification method based on efficacy categories has certain limitations and cannot meet the clinical needs for individualized drug selection and variety comparison. This article， based on the formulation compatibility analysis technology of "Tangye Jingfa Tu"， clarifies the composition and efficacy characteristics of common Chinese patent medicines used for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， providing support for the precise selection of these medicines. MethodsFifty-six representative Chinese patent medicines， covering all the efficacy subcategories of "stasis-resolving agents" in the National Basic Medical Insurance， Work Injury Insurance， and Maternity Insurance Drug Catalogue （2023） （more than 50% of the total）， were selected for the study. Within the knowledge system of "Tangye Jingfa Tu"， the compatibility structure of herbal flavors and the proportion structure of herbal quantities for each Chinese patent medicine were determined. The correlation between these structures and the efficacy categories was analyzed to identify the similarities and differences among the selected Chinese patent medicines. Additionally， the efficacy was reclassified and compared according to the theoretical framework of tonifying and purging methods of five Zang organs in the "Tangye Jingfa Tu". ResultsThe representative Chinese patent medicines included in the analysis were Shexiang Baoxin pills， Danshen tablets， Qili Qiangxin capsules， Breviscapine tablets， etc.， covering all the efficacy subcategories of "stasis-resolving agents". Among the 56 representative Chinese patent medicines， salty flavor was the most common （48）， followed by pungent （33）， and sweet （26）. According to the dominant herbal flavor， salty flavor was the most common （37）， followed by pungent （9）， and sour （5）. According to the dominant herbal quantity， salty flavor was the most common （27）， followed by sour （7）， and pungent （5）. Furthermore， Chinese patent medicines with different efficacy subtypes showed different flavor characteristics. For example， most Qi-invigorating and blood-activating agents contained sweet drugs for tonifying the spleen （9/10）， most Qi-moving and blood-activating agents contained pungent drugs for tonifying the liver （7/8）， and all kidney-invigorating and blood-activating agents contained bitter drugs for tonifying the kidneys （6/6）. However， the efficacy classification of individual medicines did not always align with the compatibility characteristics of their formulas， as seen with Dengyin Naotong capsules. ConclusionThe formulations of Chinese patent medicines for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases predominantly feature salty， sour， and pungent flavors， which largely conform to the therapeutic principles of "nourishing the heart with salt and soothing the heart with sour" and the liver-heart， heart-spleen mother-child treatment relationship shown in the "Tangye Jingfa Tu". Using the "Tangye Jingfa Tu" framework to conduct research on the structure and efficacy characteristics of Chinese patent medicines is objective and effective.

ObjectiveChinese patent medicines for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are diverse and complex in their efficacy. The traditional classification method based on efficacy categories has certain limitations and cannot meet the clinical needs for individualized drug selection and variety comparison. This article， based on the formulation compatibility analysis technology of "Tangye Jingfa Tu"， clarifies the composition and efficacy characteristics of common Chinese patent medicines used for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， providing support for the precise selection of these medicines. MethodsFifty-six representative Chinese patent medicines， covering all the efficacy subcategories of "stasis-resolving agents" in the National Basic Medical Insurance， Work Injury Insurance， and Maternity Insurance Drug Catalogue （2023） （more than 50% of the total）， were selected for the study. Within the knowledge system of "Tangye Jingfa Tu"， the compatibility structure of herbal flavors and the proportion structure of herbal quantities for each Chinese patent medicine were determined. The correlation between these structures and the efficacy categories was analyzed to identify the similarities and differences among the selected Chinese patent medicines. Additionally， the efficacy was reclassified and compared according to the theoretical framework of tonifying and purging methods of five Zang organs in the "Tangye Jingfa Tu". ResultsThe representative Chinese patent medicines included in the analysis were Shexiang Baoxin pills， Danshen tablets， Qili Qiangxin capsules， Breviscapine tablets， etc.， covering all the efficacy subcategories of "stasis-resolving agents". Among the 56 representative Chinese patent medicines， salty flavor was the most common （48）， followed by pungent （33）， and sweet （26）. According to the dominant herbal flavor， salty flavor was the most common （37）， followed by pungent （9）， and sour （5）. According to the dominant herbal quantity， salty flavor was the most common （27）， followed by sour （7）， and pungent （5）. Furthermore， Chinese patent medicines with different efficacy subtypes showed different flavor characteristics. For example， most Qi-invigorating and blood-activating agents contained sweet drugs for tonifying the spleen （9/10）， most Qi-moving and blood-activating agents contained pungent drugs for tonifying the liver （7/8）， and all kidney-invigorating and blood-activating agents contained bitter drugs for tonifying the kidneys （6/6）. However， the efficacy classification of individual medicines did not always align with the compatibility characteristics of their formulas， as seen with Dengyin Naotong capsules. ConclusionThe formulations of Chinese patent medicines for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases predominantly feature salty， sour， and pungent flavors， which largely conform to the therapeutic principles of "nourishing the heart with salt and soothing the heart with sour" and the liver-heart， heart-spleen mother-child treatment relationship shown in the "Tangye Jingfa Tu". Using the "Tangye Jingfa Tu" framework to conduct research on the structure and efficacy characteristics of Chinese patent medicines is objective and effective.

Objective:To quantitatively evaluate the changes of the sciatic nerve of rabbits following acute cold exposure and intraperitoneal lavage rewarming therapy by applying shear wave elastography（SWE）technology.Methods:Thirty healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits，weighing approximately（4.0 ± 0.2）kgResults:Body temperature comparison：the body temperature of all 3 groups decreased at T2 compared to T1，with statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. By T4，the body temperature of all groups had returned to normal，showing no significant differences compared to T1（ P>0.05）. The peritoneal lavage + rewarming platform group showed a faster recovery rate in body temperature during T2-T3 compared to both the rewarming platform group and the blank control group，with statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. There were no significant differences in the recovery rate between the rewarming platform group and the blank control group during T2-T3（all P>0.05）. Comparison of conventional ultrasound parameters：the longitudinal width，cross-sectional area，and perimeter of the sciatic nerve showed statistically significant differences between T2 and T1（all P<0.05）. No significant differences were observed between T3 and T4，or between T1 and T4（all P>0.05）. Comparison of SWE parameters：T2 phase showed an increase in SWE values of the sciatic nerve，with statistically significant differences in the maximum（Emax）and average（Emean）Young's modulus compared to T1 and T4（all P<0.05）. No significant differences were observed between T1 and T4（all P>0.05）. Transmission electron microscopy results：under acute cold exposure，the sciatic nerve showed swelling，with vacuole formation visible in the axons. After peritoneal lavage rewarming therapy，the morphology of the sciatic nerve returned to normal. Conclusions:Following acute cold exposure，the rabbit's sciatic nerve exhibits contraction，with increased stiffness，which can be quantitatively assessed using conventional ultrasound combined with SWE. Peritoneal lavage therapy is an effective rewarming method that significantly enhances the rewarming rate.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety profile of antaitasvir phosphate combined with yiqibuvir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) of various genotypes, without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.Methods:394 cases with CHC from 22 centers were collected from October 2021 to April 2023. They were randomly assigned to receive either the experimental drugs (antaitasvir phosphate 100 mg+yiqibuvir 600 mg) or placebo treatment in a 3∶1 ratio. The patients were administered drugs once a day for 12 consecutive weeks, and then followed up for 24 weeks after treatment cessation. All subjects were unblinded at the four-week follow-up following drug discontinuation, with the experimental drug group continuing to complete subsequent post-discontinuation follow-up. The placebo group was switched to receive the experimental drugs for a repeated 12-week treatment period and followed up for another 24 weeks after discontinuation of the drug (placebo delayed treatment phase).The sustained virologic response rate (SVR12) was observed for subjects in the double-blind phase and the placebo delayed-treatment phase at 12 weeks after treatment cessation.Virological resistance analysis was performed on subjects who failed treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR12. The number and percentage of subjects who achieved "HCV RNA

Objective To explore the feasibility,safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided biopsy of pancreatic lesions with exophytic and backward growth morphology.Methods Fifty-three patients with pancreatic lesions with exophytic and backward growth morphology who underwent ultrasound-guided biopsy were retrospectively collected.Conventional ultrasonic manifestations of lesions were observed,and the technical success rate,complication rate,repeat puncture rate,as well as the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of biopsy were recorded.Results Totally 61 lesions were detected,with the maximum diameter of 1.4-7.3 cm and the median maximum diameter of 2.7 cm,located in pancreatic uncinate process(26/61,42.62％),head(12/61,19.67％),neck(13/61,21.31％)and body(10/61,42.62％),respectively,mainly presented as hypoechogenic(61/61,100％)and borderless(60/61,98.36％)masses tending to invade blood vessels(51/61,83.61％)and pancreatic ducts(40/61,65.57％).The technical success rate,complication rate and repeat puncture rate of ultrasound-guided biopsy was 100％(61/61),1.89％(1/53)and 21.31％(13/61),respectively,and the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of biopsy diagnosis was 75.00％(45/60),100％(1/1)and 75.41％(46/61),respectively.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided biopsy was safe and feasible for pancreatic lesions with exophytic and backward growth morphology,but its diagnostic efficacy should be improved.