Objective To compare cortical inhibition(CI)function between patients with schizophrenia and depression,and to explore the correlation between CI function and clinical symptoms.Methods A total of 35 first episode schizophrenia(FES)patients,41 depression patients(21 with first episode depression,20 with recurrent depression),and 35 healthy controls(HC)were recruited.The positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS)was used to assess symptoms in FES patients,while the 17-item Hamilton depression scale(HAMD-17)and Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)were used to assess symptoms in depression patients.All participants'cortical inhibition and excitation measures were examined using single or paired pulses transcranial magnetic stimulation.Analysis of covariance/generalized linear model was employed to compare cortical inhibition and excitation measures among groups including age,gender,and medication status as covariates.The correlations between cortical inhibition and excitation measures and clinical symptoms were analyzed.Results The cortical silent period(CSP)in FES group was longer than that in control group and depression group[(92.08±35.43)ms vs.(70.27±22.12)ms vs.(70.81±29.29)ms,P<0.05].Depression group was further divided into first episode depression(FED)and recurrent depression(RD)subgroups.The short-interval cortical inhibition(SICI)was weaker in FED group than in the RD group and the control group(0.76±0.44 vs.0.43±0.32 vs.0.45±0.20,P<0.05).In FED group,CSP was negatively correlated with the general symptom score of PANSS(r=-0.544,P<0.001),and SICI was negatively correlated with the negative symptom score of PANSS(r=-0.501,P=0.005).In the FED group,SICI was positively correlated with HAMD-17 score(r=0.605,P=0.028).Conclusion Both FES patients and FED patients exhibit abnormal CI.There are distinct characteristics between FES and FED.FES patients exhibit prolonged CSP,while FED patients exhibit decreased SICI.The abnormal CI in FES and FED are correlated with their clinical symptoms.

Background::Although overnight fasting is recommended prior to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), the benefits and safety of high-carbohydrate fluid diet (CFD) intake 2 h before ERCP remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze whether high-CFD intake 2 h before ERCP can be safe and accelerate patients’ recovery.Methods::This prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial involved 15 tertiary ERCP centers. A total of 1330 patients were randomized into CFD group ( n = 665) and fasting group ( n = 665). The CFD group received 400 mL of maltodextrin orally 2 h before ERCP, while the control group abstained from food/water overnight (>6 h) before ERCP. All ERCP procedures were performed using deep sedation with intravenous propofol. The investigators were blinded but not the patients. The primary outcomes included postoperative fatigue and abdominal pain score, and the secondary outcomes included complications and changes in metabolic indicators. The outcomes were analyzed according to a modified intention-to-treat principle. Results::The post-ERCP fatigue scores were significantly lower at 4 h (4.1 ± 2.6 vs. 4.8 ± 2.8, t = 4.23, P <0.001) and 20 h (2.4 ± 2.1 vs. 3.4 ± 2.4, t= 7.94, P <0.001) in the CFD group, with least-squares mean differences of 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26–0.71, P <0.001) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.57–0.95, P <0.001), respectively. The 4-h pain scores (2.1 ± 1.7 vs. 2.2 ± 1.7, t = 2.60, P = 0.009, with a least-squares mean difference of 0.21 [95% CI: 0.05–0.37]) and positive urine ketone levels (7.7% [39/509] vs. 15.4% [82/533], χ2 = 15.13, P <0.001) were lower in the CFD group. The CFD group had significantly less cholangitis (2.1% [13/634] vs. 4.0% [26/658], χ2 = 3.99, P = 0.046) but not pancreatitis (5.5% [35/634] vs. 6.5% [43/658], χ2 = 0.59, P = 0.444). Subgroup analysis revealed that CFD reduced the incidence of complications in patients with native papilla (odds ratio [OR]: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39–0.95, P = 0.028) in the multivariable models. Conclusion::Ingesting 400 mL of CFD 2 h before ERCP is safe, with a reduction in post-ERCP fatigue, abdominal pain, and cholangitis during recovery.Trail Registration::ClinicalTrials.gov, No. NCT03075280.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of choledocholithiasis com-bined with periampullary diverticulum and influencing factor for difficult cannulation of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinical data of 1 920 patients who underwent ERCP for choledocholithiasis in 15 medical centers, including the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, et al, from July 2015 to December 2017 were collected. There were 915 males and 1 005 females, aged (63±16)years. Of 1 920 patients, there were 228 cases with periampullary diverticulum and 1 692 cases without periampullary diverticulum. Observation indicators: (1) clinical characteristics of patients with choledocholithiasis; (2) intraoperative and postoperative situations of patients undergoing ERCP for choledocholithiasis; (3) influencing factor analysis for difficult cannulation in patients undergoing ERCP for choledocholithiasis. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the independent sample t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range) or M( Q1, Q3), and com-parison between groups was conducted using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. The Logistic regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Results:(1) Clinical characteristics of patients with choledocholithiasis. Age, body mass index, cases with complications as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diameter of common bile duct, cases with diameter of common bile duct as <8 mm, 8?12 mm, >12 mm, diameter of stone, cases with number of stones as single and multiple were (69±12)years, (23.3±3.0)kg/m 2, 16, (14±4)mm, 11, 95, 122, (12±4)mm, 89, 139 in patients with choledocholithiasis combined with periampullary diverticulum, versus (62±16)years, (23.8±2.8)kg/m 2, 67, (12±4)mm, 159, 892, 641, (10±4)mm, 817, 875 in patients with choledocholithiasis not combined with periampullary diver-ticulum, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=?7.55, 2.45, χ2=4.54, t=?4.92, Z=4.66, t=?7.31, χ2=6.90, P<0.05). (2) Intraoperative and postoperative situations of patients undergoing ERCP for choledocholithiasis. The balloon expansion diameter, cases with intraoperative bleeding, cases with hemorrhage management of submucosal injection, hemostatic clip, spray hemostasis, electrocoagulation hemostasis and other treatment, cases with endoscopic plastic stent placement, cases with endoscopic nasal bile duct drainage, cases with mechanical lithotripsy, cases with stone complete clearing, cases with difficult cannulation, cases with delayed intubation, cases undergoing >5 times of cannulation attempts, cannulation time, X-ray exposure time, operation time were 10.0(range, 8.5?12.0)mm, 56, 6, 5, 43, 1, 1, 52, 177, 67, 201, 74, 38, 74, (7.4±3.1)minutes, (6±3)minutes, (46±19)minutes in patients with choledocholithiasis combined with periampullary diverticulum, versus 9.0(range, 8.0?11.0)mm, 243, 35, 14, 109, 73, 12, 230, 1 457, 167, 1 565, 395, 171, 395, (6.6±2.9)minutes, (6±5)minutes, (41±17)minutes in patients with choledocholithiasis not combined with periampullary diverticulum, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( Z=6.31, χ2=15.90, 26.02, 13.61, 11.40, 71.51, 5.12, 9.04, 8.92, 9.04, t=?3.89, 2.67, ?3.61, P<0.05). (3) Influencing factor analysis for difficult cannulation in patients undergoing ERCP for choledocholithiasis. Results of multivariate analysis showed total bilirubin >30 umol/L, number of stones >1, combined with periampullary diverticulum were indepen-dent risk factors for difficult cannulation in patients with periampullary diverticulum who underwent ERCP for choledocholithiasis ( odds ratio=1.31, 1.48, 1.44, 95% confidence interval as 1.06?1.61, 1.20?1.84, 1.06?1.95, P<0.05). Results of further analysis showed that, of 1 920 patients undergoing ERCP for choledocholithiasis, the incidence of postoperative pancreatitis was 17.271%(81/469) and 8.132%(118/1 451) in the 469 cases with difficult cannulation and 1 451 cases without difficult cannula-tion, respectively, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=31.86, P<0.05). In the 1 692 patients with choledocholithiasis not combined with periampullary diverticulum, the incidence of postopera-tive pancreatitis was 17.722%(70/395) and 8.250%(107/1 297) in 395 cases with difficult cannula-tion and 1 297 cases without difficult cannulation, respectively, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=29.00, P<0.05). In the 228 patients with choledocholithiasis combined with peri-ampullary diverticulum, the incidence of postoperative pancreatitis was 14.865%(11/74) and 7.143%(11/154) in 74 cases with difficult cannulation and 154 cases without difficult cannulation, respectively, showing no significant difference between them ( χ2=3.42, P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with patients with choledocholithiasis not combined with periampullary divertioulum, periampullary divertioulum often occurs in choledocholithiasis patients of elderly and low body mass index. The proportion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is high in choledocholithiasis patients with periampullary diverticulum, and the diameter of stone is large, the number of stone is more in these patients. Combined with periampullary diverticulum will increase the difficult of cannulation and the ratio of patient with mechanical lithotripsy, and reduce the ratio of patient with stone complete clearing without increasing postoperative complications of choledocholithiasis patients undergoing ERCP. Total bilirubin >30 μmol/L, number of stones >1, combined with periampullary diverticulum are independent risk factors for difficult cannulation in patients of periampullary diverticulum who underwent ERCP for choledocholithiasis.

Objective:Compared to imprecisely repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), this study aimed to explore whether localizing the DLPFC precisely or targeting on the right orbital frontal cortex (rOFC) can improve the rTMS efficacy for the treatment of depressive disorder.Methods:From January 2018 to March 2021, this study recruited patients who met the DSM-Ⅳ diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder in Shanghai Mental Health Center. Nineteen patients were located in the imprecise DLPFC group, 19 patients in the precise DLPFC group, and 14 patients in the rOFC group. All patients were assessed by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD 17) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) at baseline and after 10-session rTMS treatments. The primary outcome of this study was the HAMD 17 response rate, and the second outcome included the reduction score and reduction ratio of the HAMD 17/HAMA. Results:At baseline, there was no significant group difference in HAMD 17 or HAMA scores among the three groups. After the rTMS treatment, the HAMD 17 response rate was significantly different among the three groups (χ2=6.86, P=0.032). The HAMD 17 response rate in the precise DLPFC group (74%) was significantly higher than that in the imprecise DLPFC group (32%, χ2=6.76, P=0.011), but was comparable with that in the rOFC group (57%, χ2=2.16, P=0.133). HAMD 17 response rate did not significantly differ between the precise DLPFC group and the rOFC group (χ2=0.99, P=0.266). The HAMD 17 reduction score tended to be significantly different among the three groups ( F=2.95, P=0.062), with the precise DLPFC group presented the highest HAMD 17 reduction score. There were no significantly differences in the reduction score of HAMD and the reduction ratio of HAMA and HAMD 17 among the three groups. Conclusions:Precisely localizing the DLPFC target may be helpful to improve the rTMS efficacy for the treatment of depressive disorder, while rOFC may be a candidate target for rTMS treatment of the depressive disorder.

Objective:To study the effect of eye-open/closed state on 40 Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR) in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia.Methods:Thirty-eight first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients treated in Shanghai Mental Health Center from March 2010 to October 2011 were selected, and 31 healthy controls were recruited in the same period. All subjects were assessed with schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ). The 40 Hz EEG ASSR signals lasting for 3 min under open and closed eyes of all subjects were sequentially collected.Event-related spectrum perturbation (ERSP) and intertribal phase coherence (ITC) were used to evaluate ASSR. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare ITC and ERSP between the two groups under open and closed eyes. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between each measurement.Results:ITC in group main effect and group×the eye open/closed interaction effect were not significant (both P>0.05), but the main effect of eye-open and eye-closed was significant ( F(1, 67)=10.61, P=0.002). In the healthy control group, the ITC in eye-open state was significantly higher than that in eye-closed state ( P=0.014), and in the first-degree relatives group, the ITC in eye-open state was higher than that in eyes closed state ( P=0.039). ERSP in the main effect of eye-open and eye-closed ( F(1, 67)=0.195, P=0.660), group main effect ( F(1, 67) =0.627, P=0.431), group × the eye-open/closed interaction effect ( F(1, 67)= 1.034, P=0.313) was not significant. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between ERSP (eye open: r=-0.260, P=0.210; eye closed: r=-0.318, P=0.122), ITC (eye open: r=-0.248, P=0.232; eye closed: r=-0.260, P=0.209) and SPQ score in the healthy control group. There was also no correlation between ERSP (eye open: r=-0.387, P=0.226; eye closed: r=-0.363, P=0.238) or ITC (eye open: r=0.126, P=0.485; eye closed: r=0.096, P=0.595) and SPQ score in the first-degree relatives group of schizophrenia. Conclusion:The regulation pattern of 40 Hz ASSR in schizophrenic first-degree relatives is not significantly impaired in the eye-open/closed state, suggesting that the open/closed regulation pattern of 40 Hz ASSR may not be a potential marker for predicting the genetic high-risk prognosis of schizophrenia.

Objective:Compared to imprecisely repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), this study aimed to explore whether localizing the DLPFC precisely or targeting on the right orbital frontal cortex (rOFC) can improve the rTMS efficacy for the treatment of depressive disorder.Methods:From January 2018 to March 2021, this study recruited patients who met the DSM-Ⅳ diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder in Shanghai Mental Health Center. Nineteen patients were located in the imprecise DLPFC group, 19 patients in the precise DLPFC group, and 14 patients in the rOFC group. All patients were assessed by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD 17) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) at baseline and after 10-session rTMS treatments. The primary outcome of this study was the HAMD 17 response rate, and the second outcome included the reduction score and reduction ratio of the HAMD 17/HAMA. Results:At baseline, there was no significant group difference in HAMD 17 or HAMA scores among the three groups. After the rTMS treatment, the HAMD 17 response rate was significantly different among the three groups (χ2=6.86, P=0.032). The HAMD 17 response rate in the precise DLPFC group (74%) was significantly higher than that in the imprecise DLPFC group (32%, χ2=6.76, P=0.011), but was comparable with that in the rOFC group (57%, χ2=2.16, P=0.133). HAMD 17 response rate did not significantly differ between the precise DLPFC group and the rOFC group (χ2=0.99, P=0.266). The HAMD 17 reduction score tended to be significantly different among the three groups ( F=2.95, P=0.062), with the precise DLPFC group presented the highest HAMD 17 reduction score. There were no significantly differences in the reduction score of HAMD and the reduction ratio of HAMA and HAMD 17 among the three groups. Conclusions:Precisely localizing the DLPFC target may be helpful to improve the rTMS efficacy for the treatment of depressive disorder, while rOFC may be a candidate target for rTMS treatment of the depressive disorder.

Objective:To explore the eye movement characteristics of social cognitive processing in schizophrenia patients across different stages and its association with clinical symptoms.Methods:Fifteen patients with first-episode schizophrenia, forty-six patients with chronic inpatient schizophrenia, thirty-six patients with psychiatric clinical high-risk syndrome, and twenty-six healthy controls were recorded using eye tracking technology when viewing social interaction pictures. Covariance analysis and partial correlation analysis were conducted by SPSS17.0.Results:When watching the pictures of person communication, there were statistically significant differences in the average fixation duration of the four groups of subjects ((294.6±36.7)ms in control group, (280.0±54.0)ms in clinical high-risk group, (268.5±34.9)ms in first-episode group, and (315.7±75.7) ms in chronic group, respectively, F=3.18, P=0.027). When viewing the pictures of no person landscape, the average saccade amplitude of the four groups of subjects was significantly different (5.3±1.1) ° in control group, (4.7±1.1) ° in clinical high-risk group, (5.2±1.0) ° in first-episode group, and (4.4±1.2) ° in chronic group, respectively, F=3.37, P=0.021). The average fixation duration of chronic patients when observing person communication pictures was positively correlated with the total score of PANSS (partial correlation coefficient=0.313, P=0.039). The average fixation duration of chronic patients when observing the other two types of pictures were also positively correlated with the total score of PANSS (partial correlation coefficient=0.320, P=0.034, no person communication pictures; partial correlation coefficient=0.372, P=0.013, no person landscape pictures) . The average fixation duration of chronic patients when observing pictures of no person landscape was positively correlated with the PANSS positive symptom score (partial correlation coefficient=0.321, P=0.034). The average fixation duration of chronic patients when observing any type of picture was positively correlated with the PANSS general symptom score (person communication pictures: partial correlation coefficient=0.385, P=0.010; no person communication pictures: partial correlation coefficient=0.409, P=0.006; no person landscape pictures: partial correlation coefficient=0.465, P=0.001). In the first-episode patient, the average saccade amplitude when observing no person communication pictures was positively correlated with the PANSS positive symptom score (partial correlation coefficient=0.555, P=0.049). In the clinical high-risk group, the average saccade amplitude when observing person communication pictures was negatively correlated with the SOPS positive symptom score (partial correlation coefficient=-0.373, P=0.030). Conclusion:There are statistically significant differences of eye movement characteristics of social cognitive processing in patients with schizophrenia across different clinical stages.The average saccade amplitude is more sensitive than the average fixation duration in predicting the severity of symptoms in clinical high-risk patients.

Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 and lncRNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in the serum of patients with gastric cancer (GC).Methods:A total of 87 GC patients admitted to the First People′s Hospital of Suqian (July 2017 to August 2018) were selected as the GC group, 51 patients with benign tumors as the benign tumor group, and 40 healthy people with physical examination as the healthy control group. The expression levels of lncRNA H19 and lncRNA MEG3 in serum were measured; the relationship between the expression levels of the two and clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with GC was analyzed.Results:The levels of serum lncRNA H19 in healthy control group, benign tumor group and GC group were gradually increased, and lncRNA MEG3 level was gradually decreased ( P<0.05); the serum lncRNA H19 level in GC group was related to tumor invasion depth, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage and lymph node metastasis. The level of lncRNA MEG3 was related to the degree of differentiation, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis ( P<0.05). Among the 87 GC patients , 63 patients were followed up for 13-32 months with an average of (23.54±4.18)months. Kaplan Meier survival curve showed that the overall survival rate of high serum lncRNA H19 group and low serum lncRNA MEG3 level group was significantly lower than that of low serum lncRNA H19 level group and high serum lncRNA H19 level group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that lncRNA H19 ( HR=3.442, 95% CI=0.089-23.421) was an independent prognostic factor for GC patients, and lncRNA MEG3 ( HR=4.386, 95% CI=0.934-20.596) was a protective factor ( P<0.05); receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of serum lncRNA H19+ lncRNA MEG3 [area under curve (AUC)=0.922, 95% CI=0.861-0.962] were higher than those of serum lncRNA H19 (AUC=0.840, 95% CI=0.771-0.904) and lncRNA MEG3 (AUC=0.830, 95% CI=0.753-0.890). Conclusions:The level of serum lncRNA H19 in GC patients is significantly increased, and the level of lncRNA MEG3 is significantly reduced, which is closely related to tumor occurrence, development and prognosis. Combined detection of the two can enhance the diagnostic value of GC.

Objective:To investigate the effect of computer-assisted cognitive remediation therapy (CACR) on the improvement of cognitive functioning in patients with major depressive disorder during the recovery period.Methods:Sixty-seven patients with major depressive disorder, during the recovery period, were included according to the inclusion criteria. All of them were from Hangzhou Seventh People’s psychiatry department and were selected during the September 2016 to September 2018 time period and were randomized into the CACR group and the observation group. The previously used conventional drug treatment was continued for 8 weeks in both groups, but an additional 8-weeks was given to the CACR group, mainly for intensive attention training and memory. The CACR training time was 8 weeks, once a day each for attention and memory training for 20 minutes. Before treatment and at the end of the 8-week treatment, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test A, Trail Making Test B, and Stroop test were used to measure cognitive function.Results:67 patients with depression during the remission period were included. The control group included 32 patients, 18 males (57%) and 14 females (43%), aged (29.0±9.2) years old; 35 patients in the intervention group, 20 males (56%) and 15 females (44%), aged (28.0±9.2) years old. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, years of education, scores on the Chinese version of Webster's adult intelligence scale, scores on Hamilton depression scale, and course of illness. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of WCST performance, TMT performance, and scores on the Stroop test at baseline ( P>0.05). After the 8-week treatment, the CACR group demonstrated better performance on the mean number of trials [(76.8±14.3) vs.(83.6±14.6)], the number of correct classifications [(27.9±1.8) vs.(26.6±2.6)], perseverative errors [(24.4±3.3) vs.(27.4±4.8)]，non-perseverative errors [(17.97±3.1) vs.(22.2±4.3)], and the mean time for completing part B of TMT [(86.1±15.6) vs.(119.6±16.2)]. However, there were no significant differences between the groups on mean number of categories completed, mean time for completing part A of TMT, the right numbers in Stroop-C and Stroop-CW, and the completed numbers in Stroop-C and Stroop-CW ( P>0.05). Conclusion:CACR can effectively improve the cognitive function in patients with major depressive disorder who have stabilized.

BACKGROUND:Recent studies have shown that adipose-derivedmesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) not only have multilineage differentiation potential, but also exert an important role in blood sugar balance and hormone production.OBJECTIVE:To observe the differentiation potential of human ADMSCs (hADMSCs) into functional islet-like cells and the therapeutic effect of hADMSCs transplantation in diabetic rats.METHODS:PDX-1 gene was transfected into hADMSCs by adenovirus. Cell differentiation and insulin secretion were identified and detected by dithizone staining and ELISA, respectively. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (n=4), diabetes group (n=8) and transplantation group (n=8). Rats in the latter two groups were subjected to making diabetic models by 65 mg/kg streptozotocin injection. Afterwards, rats in the transplantation group were given PDX-1 transfected ADMSCs via the tail vein.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 15 days after transfection, the number of insulin positive cells and insulin secretion were both increased significantly (P < 0.05). Fasting glucose levels in the transplantation group decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while the body weight increased significantly (P < 0.05). In the diabetic group, the fasting glucose level still maintained at a high level, and the body weight of rats was significantly decreased. These results implicated that PDX-1 gene could induce hADMSCs differentiating into functional islet-like cells. PDX-1 transfected ADMSCs transplantation is effective in treating diabetic rats, but the mechanism needs further study.