Esophageal cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor of the digestive tract in China, and radical surgery remains the cornerstone of its comprehensive treatment. However, multifactorial challenges such as postoperative gastrointestinal tract reconstruction, traumatic stress, and tumor-related metabolic disturbances render esophageal cancer patients highly susceptible to malnutrition. Perioperative nutritional support therapy plays a crucial role in enhancing surgical safety, improving clinical outcomes, and elevating patients' quality of life by regulating metabolic homeostasis, preserving organ function, and optimizing the immune microenvironment. This article reviews the mechanisms underlying malnutrition in esophageal cancer, methods for nutritional status assessment, and precision intervention pathways based on multi-omics evaluations. The aim is to strengthen clinicians' awareness of standardized perioperative nutritional management for esophageal cancer patients and promote its clinical implementation, thereby facilitating postoperative recovery and improving long-term quality of life.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of Yijing Decoction containing serum on iron overload-induced oxidative stress of human ovarian granulosa cells.Methods SD rats were used to prepare medicated serum and blank serum.Iron dextran was used to induce oxidative damage of SVOG cells.The cells were divided into control group,model group,containing serum group,blank serum group,antioxidant group and iron chelating agent group.After corresponding intervention,cell viability was detected by CCK-8 method,estrogen(E2)and progesterone(P)content in supernatant were detected by ELISA,the contents of intracellular ferrous ion(Fe2+),malondialdehyde(MDA),adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),catalase(CAT)were detected by the kit,ROS content was detected by DCFH-DA fluorescence probe,the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 fluorescence probe,Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),transferrin(Tf),transferrin receptor 1(TfR1),ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1)and ferritin light chain(FTL).Results Compared with the control group,the viability of SVOG cells decreased in the model group,the contents of E2 and P in cell supernatant decreased,the contents of Fe2+,MDA and ROS increased,the content of ATP and activities of SOD,GSH-Px and CAT decreased,the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased,the protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and FTH1 decreased,and the protein and mRNA expressions of Tf,TfR1 and FTL increased,with statistical significance(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the viability of SVOG cells in containing serum group,antioxidant group and iron chelating agent group increased,the contents of E2 and P in cell supernatant increased,the contents of Fe2+,MDA and ROS decreased,the content of ATP and activities of SOD,GSH-Px and CAT increased,the mitochondrial membrane potential increased,the protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and FTH1 increased,and the protein and mRNA expressions of Tf,TfR1 and FTL decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Yijing Decoction containing serum may relieve oxidative stress damage induced by iron overload,improve mitochondrial function,and restore granulosa cell function,thereby enhancing ovarian function,potentially through up-regulating Nrf2,FTH1 expression and down-regulating Tf,TfR1 and FTL expressions.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the CLAE (cladribine + cytarabine + etoposide) regimen in refractory/relapsed T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (R/R T-ALL/LBL) .Methods:Patients with R/R T-ALL/LBL received the CLAE regimen in a prospective, multicenter, single-arm clinical study or compassionate use. From March 2019 to August 2024, data from 25 patients (18 in the study across five centers and 7 receiving compassionate treatment in Peking University Third Hospital) were collected. Outcomes included objective response rate, complete response (CR) rate, partial response (PR) rate after 1–2 cycles, bridging to allo-HSCT, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment-related adverse effects.Results:Median age was 29 years (range, 13–63) ; 17 were male. Among the 24 evaluable patients, CR rate was 33.3% overall and 41.2% among enrolled patients. Median OS and PFS time were 199 (46–1 310) and 49 (28–1 310) days, respectively. Cumulative OS rate at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years was (52.1±10.2) %, (29.7±9.3) %, and (27.1±9.1) %, respectively; cumulative PFS rate was (32.6±9.6) %, (24.9±8.9) %, and (23.8±8.7) %, respectively. Among patients achieving CR or PR (8 cases), median OS and PFS were not reached. Cumulative OS rate at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years was (86.8±12.0) %, (78.3±14.6) %, and (72.9±15.7) %, respectively, and the cumulative PFS rate was (86.4±12.1) %, (74.8±15.3) %, and (72.9±15.7) %, respectively. Adverse events were mainly hematologic; no treatment-related mortality occurred. Seven patients achieving CR were bridged to allo-HSCT, with 5 remaining in continuous remission.Conclusion:The CLAE regimen is safe and effective for R/R T-ALL/LBL, facilitating CR as a bridge to allo-HSCT and potentially improving patient prognosis.

Objective To analyze the effect of residual cholesterol (RC) on hearing loss in noise-exposed workers. Methods A total of 3 412 workers engaged in noise operation work in an underground railway enterprise were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method. Their occupational health examination data were collected to analyze the relationship between RC and hearing loss. Results The noise intensity of workplace in the underground rail enterprise was 80.0-85.0 (81.4±3.2) dB(A). The detection rate of hearing loss was 20.2% (691/3 412). The rates of abnormal total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were 35.6%, 25.7%, 9.5% and 42.4%, respectively. The median and the 25th and 75th percentiles [M(P₂₅,P₇₅)] of RC level were 0.24 (0.15, 0.37) mmol/L. The levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and RC of workers in hearing loss group were higher than those in normal hearing group [M(P₂₅,P₇₅): 4.91(4.37, 5.58) vs 4.84(4.30, 5.46) mmol/L, 1.29(0.91, 1.93) vs 1.16(0.82, 1.67) mmol/L, 0.26(0.16, 0.41) vs 0.24(0.14, 0.37) mmol/L, all P<0.05]. The detection rate of hearing loss in abnormal triglyceride group was higher than that in normal triglyceride group (24.8% vs 18.7%, P<0.01), and the detection rate of hearing loss in abnormal HDL-C group was higher than that in normal HDL-C group (25.0% vs 19.8%, P<0.05). The higher the serum RC level, the higher the detection rate of hearing loss (P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression result showed that individual with older age, longer work time and higher serum RC level had higher risk of hearing abnormality (all P<0.05), and the risk of hearing abnormality was higher in patients with abnormal fasting blood glucose than patients with normal faseing blood glucose (P<0.05) after controlling for confounding factors such as gender, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and elevated blood pressure. However, abnormal triacylglycerol and HDL-C levels were not significantly related to the risk of hearing abnormality (both P>0.05). Conclusion Serum RC levels are an independent risk factor for hearing loss among noise-exposed workers exposed to noise level of 80.0-85.0 dB(A) in the workplace.

Objective:To investigate the effect of brinzolamide-timolol maleate eye drops on the metabolism of intravitreally injected vancomycin hydrochloride (VH) in rabbit eyes.Methods:Nine healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were selected.Among them, three were used to extract blank aqueous humor and the right eyes of the remaining six were set as experimental eyes.The experimental eye was topically administered 30 μl of brinzolamide-timolol maleate eye drops twice a day.The fellow eyes were set as control eyes.The intraocular pressure of both eyes was measured before the initial application of the eye drops and 1 hour after application of the eye drops next day.Both eyes of each rabbit were intravitreally injected with 0.5 mg of VH (10 mg/ml) solution.The aqueous humor was drawn at 2 hours and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days after intravitreal injection.VH concentrations in aqueous humor were measured by high performance liquid chromatography.The time of peak concentrations ( tmax), peak concentration ( Cmax), elimination half-life ( t1/2) and the area under the concentration-time curve ( AUC) of VH in rabbit eyes were calculated by the average concentrations.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HNEECA-2023-01). Results:The intraocular pressure after eye drop was significantly lower than that before eye drop in experimental eyes ( P<0.01).The tmax of VH in experimental eyes and control eyes were both 1 day.The Cmax of VH in experimental eyes and control eyes were (61.40±13.48) and (51.56±5.07)μg/ml, respectively.The VH aqueous concentrations in the experimental eyes on days 4, 6 and 8 after injection were all significantly higher than those in the control eye ( t=2.378, 3.150, 2.694; all P<0.05).The t1/2 of VH in the aqueous humor of the experimental eyes was 2.69 days, which was 31% longer than 2.05 days of the control eyes.The AUC0-10 d of experimental eyes increased by 24.3% relative to the control eyes. Conclusions:Brinzolamide-timolol maleate eye drops can significantly extend the ocular residence time of intravitreally injected VH.

Objective:To compare the effects of brinzolamide-timolol (B&T) eye drops and dipivefrine hydrochloride (DH) eye drops on the intraocular metabolism of ranibizumab after intravitreal injection in rabbit.Methods:Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly and equally divided into DH group, B&T group, and control group.The right eye was selected as the experimental eye.The B&T and DH groups received DH and B&T eye drops, respectively, twice daily, 30 μl each time.The control group did not receive any treatment.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in both eyes before the first administration and 1 hour after the first administration on the second day.After IOP measurement, the experimental eye received an intravitreal injection of 0.25 mg ranibizumab (10 mg/ml).Aqueous humor samples were collected 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days after injection.Ranibizumab concentration in the aqueous humor was measured by ELISA kit.Pharmacokinetic parameters including time to peak concentration ( tmax), peak concentration ( Cmax), elimination half-life ( t1/2) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of ranibizumab were calculated.This experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HNEECA-2023-03). Results:The tmax of ranibizumab in the aqueous humor was 1 day in all three groups.The Cmax values in the control, B&T and DH groups were (8.122±2.445), (13.079±3.140) and (8.299±0.899)μg/ml, respectively.Except for day 3 in the control group, the ranibizumab concentrations in aqueous humor of the B&T group were higher than that of the DH group and the control group at all time points after injection, with statistically significant significances (all P<0.05).The t1/2 of ranibizumab in aqueous humor in the control group, B&T group, and DH group were (2.90±0.29), (3.36±0.35) and (2.80±0.29) days, respectively, and the AUC0-t values were (52.697±10.178), (80.244±11.249) and (51.985±8.734)μg/ml·d, respectively.The t1/2 and AUC0-t of ranibizumab in aqueous humor of the B&T group were significantly higher than those of the DH group and the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).The mean bioavailability in the B&T group was increased by 52.3% compared to the control group. Conclusions:B&T eye drops prolong the half-life and enhance the intraocular bioavailability of ranibizumab after intravitreal injection in rabbits, whereas DH has no significant effect on its intraocular metabolism.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and effects on cognitive function of magnetic seizure therapy (MST) and modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) in the treatment of major depressive episode (MDE).Methods:From January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021, 40 patients who met the MDE diagnostic criteria in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) were selected in Shanghai Mental Health Center. Participants were randomly assigned to MECT therapy group (20 patients) and MST therapy group (20 patients) using the random number table method. Both groups received MECT or MST while using serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The 17-items Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD 17) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) were performed before and after treatment. HAMD 17 reduction rate and effective rate were the main assessment indicators, while RBANS total score and factor scores were considered as the secondary assessment indicators. T-test was used to compare the reduction rate of HAMD 17 between the two groups, and corrected Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact probability method was used to compare the effective rate of treatment between the two groups. HAMD 17 scores and RBANS scores before and after treatment were compared using two-factor repeated measure ANOVA. Results:There were no significant differences in baseline HAMD 17 scores and RBANS scores between 2 groups( t=0.29, P=0.773; t=0.67, P=0.509). The treatment effective rate in the MECT group was 90% (18/20), and the average reduction rate of HAMD 17 was 67.9%. Meanwhile, the effective rate of MST group was 75% (15/20), and the average reduction rate of HAMD 17 was 60.9%. There was no significant difference in the reduction rate and effective rate of HAMD 17 between the two groups ( t=0.69, P=0.493; χ2=0.16, P=0.693). The total scores and factor scores of RBANS after treatment were lower than those before treatment, with statistical significance(total scores: F=19.29, P<0.001;immediate memory score: F=6.22, P=0.020; language function score: F=9.13, P=0.006;attention score: F=5.23, P=0.031;delayed memory score: F=35.90, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the total scores and factor scores of RBANS before and after treatment in MST group(total scores: F=0.49, P=0.490;immediate memory score: F=2.25, P=0.147;language function score: F=1.22, P=0.280;attention score: F=0.23, P=0.640;delayed memory score: F=0.02, P=0.887). Conclusions:The efficacy of MST treatment and MECT treatment in treating MDE patients seems to be comparable. MDE patients receiving MST had less impact on cognitive function compared to those treated with MECT.

Objective:To investigate the effect of brinzolamide-timolol maleate eye drops on the metabolism of intravitreally injected vancomycin hydrochloride (VH) in rabbit eyes.Methods:Nine healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were selected.Among them, three were used to extract blank aqueous humor and the right eyes of the remaining six were set as experimental eyes.The experimental eye was topically administered 30 μl of brinzolamide-timolol maleate eye drops twice a day.The fellow eyes were set as control eyes.The intraocular pressure of both eyes was measured before the initial application of the eye drops and 1 hour after application of the eye drops next day.Both eyes of each rabbit were intravitreally injected with 0.5 mg of VH (10 mg/ml) solution.The aqueous humor was drawn at 2 hours and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days after intravitreal injection.VH concentrations in aqueous humor were measured by high performance liquid chromatography.The time of peak concentrations ( tmax), peak concentration ( Cmax), elimination half-life ( t1/2) and the area under the concentration-time curve ( AUC) of VH in rabbit eyes were calculated by the average concentrations.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HNEECA-2023-01). Results:The intraocular pressure after eye drop was significantly lower than that before eye drop in experimental eyes ( P<0.01).The tmax of VH in experimental eyes and control eyes were both 1 day.The Cmax of VH in experimental eyes and control eyes were (61.40±13.48) and (51.56±5.07)μg/ml, respectively.The VH aqueous concentrations in the experimental eyes on days 4, 6 and 8 after injection were all significantly higher than those in the control eye ( t=2.378, 3.150, 2.694; all P<0.05).The t1/2 of VH in the aqueous humor of the experimental eyes was 2.69 days, which was 31% longer than 2.05 days of the control eyes.The AUC0-10 d of experimental eyes increased by 24.3% relative to the control eyes. Conclusions:Brinzolamide-timolol maleate eye drops can significantly extend the ocular residence time of intravitreally injected VH.

Objective:To compare the effects of brinzolamide-timolol (B&T) eye drops and dipivefrine hydrochloride (DH) eye drops on the intraocular metabolism of ranibizumab after intravitreal injection in rabbit.Methods:Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly and equally divided into DH group, B&T group, and control group.The right eye was selected as the experimental eye.The B&T and DH groups received DH and B&T eye drops, respectively, twice daily, 30 μl each time.The control group did not receive any treatment.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in both eyes before the first administration and 1 hour after the first administration on the second day.After IOP measurement, the experimental eye received an intravitreal injection of 0.25 mg ranibizumab (10 mg/ml).Aqueous humor samples were collected 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days after injection.Ranibizumab concentration in the aqueous humor was measured by ELISA kit.Pharmacokinetic parameters including time to peak concentration ( tmax), peak concentration ( Cmax), elimination half-life ( t1/2) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of ranibizumab were calculated.This experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HNEECA-2023-03). Results:The tmax of ranibizumab in the aqueous humor was 1 day in all three groups.The Cmax values in the control, B&T and DH groups were (8.122±2.445), (13.079±3.140) and (8.299±0.899)μg/ml, respectively.Except for day 3 in the control group, the ranibizumab concentrations in aqueous humor of the B&T group were higher than that of the DH group and the control group at all time points after injection, with statistically significant significances (all P<0.05).The t1/2 of ranibizumab in aqueous humor in the control group, B&T group, and DH group were (2.90±0.29), (3.36±0.35) and (2.80±0.29) days, respectively, and the AUC0-t values were (52.697±10.178), (80.244±11.249) and (51.985±8.734)μg/ml·d, respectively.The t1/2 and AUC0-t of ranibizumab in aqueous humor of the B&T group were significantly higher than those of the DH group and the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).The mean bioavailability in the B&T group was increased by 52.3% compared to the control group. Conclusions:B&T eye drops prolong the half-life and enhance the intraocular bioavailability of ranibizumab after intravitreal injection in rabbits, whereas DH has no significant effect on its intraocular metabolism.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of Yijing Decoction containing serum on iron overload-induced oxidative stress of human ovarian granulosa cells.Methods SD rats were used to prepare medicated serum and blank serum.Iron dextran was used to induce oxidative damage of SVOG cells.The cells were divided into control group,model group,containing serum group,blank serum group,antioxidant group and iron chelating agent group.After corresponding intervention,cell viability was detected by CCK-8 method,estrogen(E2)and progesterone(P)content in supernatant were detected by ELISA,the contents of intracellular ferrous ion(Fe2+),malondialdehyde(MDA),adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),catalase(CAT)were detected by the kit,ROS content was detected by DCFH-DA fluorescence probe,the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 fluorescence probe,Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),transferrin(Tf),transferrin receptor 1(TfR1),ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1)and ferritin light chain(FTL).Results Compared with the control group,the viability of SVOG cells decreased in the model group,the contents of E2 and P in cell supernatant decreased,the contents of Fe2+,MDA and ROS increased,the content of ATP and activities of SOD,GSH-Px and CAT decreased,the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased,the protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and FTH1 decreased,and the protein and mRNA expressions of Tf,TfR1 and FTL increased,with statistical significance(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the viability of SVOG cells in containing serum group,antioxidant group and iron chelating agent group increased,the contents of E2 and P in cell supernatant increased,the contents of Fe2+,MDA and ROS decreased,the content of ATP and activities of SOD,GSH-Px and CAT increased,the mitochondrial membrane potential increased,the protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and FTH1 increased,and the protein and mRNA expressions of Tf,TfR1 and FTL decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Yijing Decoction containing serum may relieve oxidative stress damage induced by iron overload,improve mitochondrial function,and restore granulosa cell function,thereby enhancing ovarian function,potentially through up-regulating Nrf2,FTH1 expression and down-regulating Tf,TfR1 and FTL expressions.