Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Objective:To construct polydopamine-coated silicified collagen(SC@PDA)by polymerization of dopamine,and to ex-plore its biological safety and photothermal antibacterial properties.Methods:Dopamine was coated on the surface of silicified colla-gen by polymerization reaction to construct SC@PDA.The surface morphology of SC@PDA was observed by SEM and TEM,the silic-ic acid release was detected by silicic acid release experiment,and the photothermal properties of SC@PDA were detected by 808 nm laser irradiation and infrared thermography.The biocompatibility of SC@PDA was evaluated by CCK-8 assay with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and acute systemic toxicity test in SD rats.The materials were co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus(S.au-reus)and Escherichia coli(E.coli)respectively for 6 h followed by 808 nm laser irradiation and culture for 6 h,and then the antibac-terial rate of the materials was calculated by absorbance detection.Finally,the anti-infection effect was observed 7 days after implan-tation in the rat femoral defect infection model of SD rats.Results:SC@PDA maintained the silicic acid release characteristics of si-licified collagen and had good biocompatibility and good photothermal property.In vitro and in vivo antibacterial experiments showed that SC@PDA had good antibacterial activity without cytotoxicity and acut system toxicity.Conclusion:SC@PDA has biocompatibili-ty and the dopamine coating endows the silicified collagen scaffold with excellent photothermal antibacterial properties.

Objective:To compare the characteristics of background mucosa, lesion features, and the efficiency of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)between elderly and non-elderly patients with early gastric cancer(EGC).Methods:This study retrospectively collected data on patients with EGC who underwent ESD treatment at Beijing Hospital from April 2020 to December 2022.The clinical characteristics, background mucosa, lesion features, ESD outcomes, and pathological results of the patients were analyzed to compare the differences between elderly and non-elderly patients.Results:A total of 100 patients with EGC were selected, comprising 57 patients in the elderly group and 43 patients in the non-elderly group, with a total of 111 lesions identified(64 lesions in the elderly group and 47 lesions in the non-elderly group).The proportion of patients with a history of chronic atrophic gastritis was significantly higher in the elderly group(89.5%、51/57)compared to the non-elderly group(74.4%、32/43), with a statistically significant difference( P=0.047).Additionally, the difference in the extent of atrophy between elderly patients with EGC and their non-elderly counterparts was statistically significant( P=0.022).Among these patients, the proportion of those classified as Kimura-Takemoto C0 to C1 in the elderly group(15.6%、10/64)was lower than that in the non-elderly group(40.4%、19/47).In contrast, the proportion of patients classified as C2 to C3 in the elderly group(65.6%、42/64)was higher than that in the non-elderly group(51.1%、24/47), and the proportion of those classified as O1 to O3 in elderly patients(12.5%、8/64)was also higher than in the non-elderly group(4.3%、2/47).Furthermore, the difference in the extent of intestinal metaplasia between elderly and non-elderly patients with early gastric cancer was statistically significant( P=0.007).The overall proportion of total intestinal metaplasia in elderly patients(85.9%、55/64)was significantly higher than that in non-elderly patients(61.7%、29/47).Notably, the proportion of patients exhibiting extensive intestinal metaplasia(intestinal metaplasia present in both the gastric antrum and gastric body)was greater in the elderly group(43.8%、28/64)compared to the non-elderly group(23.4%、11/47).The Kyoto gastric cancer risk endoscopic score for elderly patients with EGC was(2.43±1.28)points, significantly higher than that of the non-elderly group(1.72±1.41)points, with a statistically significant difference observed( t=2.778, P=0.006).No statistically significant differences were observed in the proportions of total resection rates, R0 resections, curative resections, or postoperative complications following ESD when comparing elderly patients with EGC to their non-elderly counterparts. Conclusions:The proportion of extensive atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was higher in the background mucosa of elderly patients with EGC, and correspondingly, the Kyoto endoscopic gastric cancer risk score was elevated.Therefore, endoscopic examinations for elderly patients with chronic atrophic gastritis should be conducted with greater care and comprehensiveness.

Objective:To assess the future risk of bleeding events and ischemic events in a two-year follow-up of elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes(ACS)who experienced upper gastrointestinal bleeding during hospitalization, and to analyze the related factors for the recurrence.Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study.Elderly ACS patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in Beijing Hospital from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018 were continuously included.According to whether upper gastrointestinal bleeding occurred during hospitalization, they were divided into the bleeding group(n=51)and the control group(n=2 834). Baseline data were compared between the two groups.The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)and the recurrence of bleeding defined by the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium(BARC)consensus classification were monitored during the 2-year followed-up.Related factors for clinically significant bleeding events(BARC type 2, 3 and 5)were analyzed.Results:The median bleeding time in the bleeding group was 3.3 days after PCI, and the main cause was gastroduodenal ulcer(43 cases, 84.3%). Compared with the control group, patients in the bleeding group had a lower body mass index, a higher proportion of patients with a history of atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, peptic ulcer, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, higher usage rates of ticagrelor and oral anticoagulants, a lower usage rate of proton pump inhibitor(PPI), a higher proportion of patients with coronary artery disease involving ≥ 2 vessels, higher GRACE scores, higher usage rates of tirofiban and aspiration catheters and a lower complete revascularization rate( P<0.05). Patients were followed up for(22.4±1.5)months.Compared with the control group, the incidence of MACE(19 cases or 37.3% vs.698 cases or 24.6%, HR=1.655, 95% CI: 1.026-2.673, χ 2=4.513, P<0.05)and the recurrence of clinically significant bleeding(BARC type 2, 3 and 5)(10 cases or 19.6% vs.283 cases or 10.0%, HR=2.242, 95% CI: 1.209-4.157, χ2=5.083, P<0.05)increased in the bleeding group.Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that age ≥70 years( RR=1.813, 95% CI: 1.021-3.219), chronic kidney disease ≥ stage 2( RR=1.623, 95% CI: 1.196-2.202), history of peptic ulcer( RR=2.152, 95% CI: 1.156-4.006), ticagrelor( RR=2.014, 95% CI: 1.253-3.237), and oral anticoagulants( RR=1.352, 95% CI: 1.032-1.771)were independent risk factors for clinically significant bleeding(BARC type 2, 3 and 5), and PPI was a protective factor( RR=0.573, 95% CI: 0.345-0.952). Conclusions:A history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly patients with ACS during hospitalization can increase the recurrence risk of clinically significant bleeding and MACE events in subsequent two years.Advanced age, chronic kidney disease ≥stage 2, a history of peptic ulcer, and preoperative use of ticagrelor and oral anticoagulants are independent risk factors for the recurrence risk of clinically significant bleeding, and PPI can decrease the recurrence risk of bleeding.

Objective To investigate the situation of sexual partners and related factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in college students.Methods Snowball sampling and Convenience sampling were both used to recruit MSM from colleges in Tsingtao in 2016.Questionnaire-based interviews were conducted to collect data of socio-demographic and situation of sexual partners.Sample Size was estimated based on cross-sectional study,and theoretical 267.SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 300 MSM,average aged 20.7,were analyzed.Both first sex partner and the last same-sex sexual partner were mct instantly,with proportions as 58.7％ (176/300) and 62.3％ (187/300) respectively.Among all the MSM,88.3％ (265/300) preferred selecting men as sex partners and 42.7％ (128/300) enjoyed finding sex partners in college,while 86.0％ (258/300) preferred finding their sex partners through intemet.Conclusions Intemet had been the major way of looking for sex partner among MSM in college students,the male sexual partner were met instantly.We should focus on men who have sex with men and their sexual health among college students to prevent and control HIV/AIDS.

Objective To understand the gender characteristics,HIV/AIDS related knowledge awareness and behaviors of transgender women.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the transgender women recruited through snowball sampling in Jinan in 2014,and descriptive epidemiologic analysis was conducted on the survey results.Results A total of 55 transgender women were surveyed,all of them were male physically and female psychologically.Serious gender conflict occurred in 27 subjects (49.1％),and very serious gender conflict occurred in 8 subjects (14.5％).Thirty subjects dressed up as a man in social life,accounting for 54.5％;25 subjects dressed up as a women in social life,accounting for 45.5％.The average awareness rate of HIV/AIDS related knowledge was 57.9％(22/38).The awareness of knowledge about AIDS associated behaviors,such as multi sex partner and anal sex,was poor.For the lovers or sexual partners,58.2％ of the subjects (32/55) would choose males and 50.9％ of the subjects (28/55) had chosen males,and for the sex partner at latest sex,63.6％(35/55) of the subjects had chosen males.Up to 56.3％ of the subjects had sex with casual sexual partners (net friends and partners of one-night stand) at latest sex behavior.Among the subjects surveyed,18(32.7％) never used condoms;29(52.7％) used condoms occasionally;4(7.3％) used condoms frequently and 4(7.3％) used condoms at each sex.Conclusions AIDS associated high risk behaviors were common among the transgender women,such as unprotected anal sex,multiple sexual partners,frequent sex and poor condom use.It is necessary to conduct the study of the HIV infection prevention in transgender women.

With the development of economy,increase of cultural exchanges and changes of people's ideology in China,the number of female sex workers (FSWs) increased rapidly under the influence of various social factors.The diverse motivations for women engaging in commercial sex have been observed.Foreign researchers have conducted some surveys of factors associated with female commercial sex,while few such studies were conducted among FSWs in China.This paper summarizes the progress in the research of reasons for women engaging in commercial sex both at home and abroad to provide evidence for future study.

Objective:To prepare a novel dental lithium disilicate glass-ceramic,and to study its properties.Methods:A2 colored novel glass-ceramic was prepared by sintering technique.The flexural strength,density,elastic modulus,hardness,fracture toughness, translucency and microstructure of the novel glass-ceramic and IPS e.max Press (LT A2,MO1 and HO1 )ceramic ingots were studied. Results:The novel glass-ceramic demonstrated a lower flexural strength (31 5 MPa)than MO ceramic ingot(338 MPa)(P <0.05). The other mechanical properties of the novel glass-ceramic were similar to those of LT and MO ceramic ingots(P >0.05).The translu-cency parameter of the novel glass-ceramic(21 .2)was higher than that of HO(1 6.5)but lower than that of LT(27.8)and MO(27.5) ceramic ingots(P <0.05).SEMimages showed an interlocking microstructure of rod-shaped Li2 Si2 O5 crystals in all the glass-ceramics investigated.Conclusion:The mechanical properties,translucency and microstructure of the novel glass-ceramic are similar to those of IPS e.max Press ceramic ingots,which can meet the requirements of clinical application.

Objective To determine whether the anti-inflammatory properties of Shuxiong Tablet(SXT)and the effective components group of SXT(ECGS)are equivalent and to assess the formulary rationality.Methods ECGS consisted of Panax notoginsen saponion(PNS),hydroxysafflor yellow A,and ferulic acid plus volatile oil of Ligusticum chuanxiong,which was based on the active ingredients and their ratios in SXT.We compared the anti-inflammatory actions of ECGS and SXT using the xylene-induced edema model and the carrageenan-induced edema model,as well as the analgesic activity of them using the acetic acid-induced writhing model.Moreover,cultured macrophages were incubated with media containing serum isolated from SXT-,ECGS-,or every component of ECGS-treated rats,to compare the depress effects on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated NO production and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)expression.Results ECGS and SXT had equivalent anti-inflammatory actions and analgesic effects at an equipotent dosage in a dose-dependent manner.The drug-containing media could inhibit the LPS-stimulated NO production and iNOS expression in cultured macrophages.A 2 × 2 × 2 ANOVA revealed that three effective components could produce synergistic effect on the inhibition of NO production,and PNS was the capital component.Conclusion ECGS and SXT display an equivalent anti-inflammatory effect,and the formula follows traditional Chinese medicine compatibility principle,which shows obvious formulary rationality.