The theory of the "Three Phases of moxibustion sensation", originating from ZHOU Meisheng's Moxibustion Cord, summarizes the clinical transmission process of moxibustion sensation into three phases: initial sensation, diffusion, and conduction. Inspired by this theory, the authors analyze factors affecting moxibustion sensation-including moxibustion temperature, location, dose, and technique-and summarize its guiding role in clinical practice. It is proposed that in clinical application, the generation pattern of the initial sensation phase can be used to judge the immediate efficacy of moxibustion and adjust treatment locations accordingly; the diffusion pattern of the diffusion phase can help assess individual moxibustion dose to ensure optimal therapeutic effects; and the conduction phase not only indicates the endpoint of moxibustion therapy but can also reveal hidden lesions and deeper pathological causes in patients. In addition, due to differences in patient constitution and disease state, the manifestation of moxibustion sensation may not always strictly follow the pattern of the "Three Phases", requiring careful clinical differentiation.
Moxibustion/methods* ; Humans ; Sensation ; Acupuncture Points

Objective:To summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of children with epilepsy associated with SCN2A gene variations. Methods:A retrospective study was performed. Eleven children with epilepsy admitted to Department of Pediatric Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022 were included; all of them had pathogenic SCN2A gene mutation. Genetic results and clinical data as epileptic seizure type/frequency, intelligence and motor development of these 11 children were collected. Epilepsy-related variations and pathogenesis of SCN2A gene were analyzed, and their correlations with clinical phenotypes in these children were analyzed. Results:Among the 11 patients, 6 had self-limited epilepsy (4 with variation in the intracellular domain and 2 in the transmembrane domain), 1 had febrile convulsion accompanied by childhood absent epilepsy (with variation in the intracellular domain), and 4 had developmental epileptic encephalopathy (2 with variation in the extracellular domain and 2 with variation in the transmembrane domain). SCN2A gene was missense mutation in these 11 children, and the mutation site in 6 children was not reported before. Various forms of video EEG discharge were noted, and 1 child with self-limited epilepsy showed transient multifocal epileptic discharge during frequent seizures. Oxcarbazepine and topiramate were effective for self-limiting epilepsy, and lamotrigine was effective in 1 child with late-onset epileptic encephalopathy. Eleven patients were followed up for (66±32) months; the age ranged from 8 months to 11 years and 6 months at the last follow-up; 10 patients had seizure remission and 1 had uncontrolled seizure. Conclusions:Besides self-limited epilepsy and developmental epileptic encephalopathy, SCN2A gene mutations are also associated with febrile convulsion and childhood absent epilepsy. Phenotypic differences are highly correlated with mutation locations; developmental epileptic encephalopathy associated variants are mostly located in extracellular domains, while self-limited epileptic variants are mostly located in intracellular domains.

Objective:To analyze the medication law of TCM oral prescriptions in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).Methods:The effective cases and clinical studies about TCM oral prescriptions in the treatment of PHN were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, and CBM from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2021. The medication frequency and drug properties were counted through the Ancient and Modern Medical Record Cloud Platform, and correlation analysis, cluster analysis and complex network analysis were performed.Results:A total of 233 articles were included, involving 243 prescriptions and 191 kinds of Chinese materia medica. There were 20 kinds of Chinese materia medica with frequency >40, most of which have the efficacy of promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis. The Chinese materia with heat-clearing and detoxifying efficacy were also often used. The properties were mainly warm, mild, slight cold, and cold, tastes were mainly bitter, pungent and sweet, and meridians were mainly liver, spleen and heart meridians. The association rule analysis was used to obtain 15 commonly used TCM groups. The commonly used Chinese materia medica could be clustered into 4 categories. The core prescription obtained by complex network analysis was Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Corydalis Rhizoma, Bupleuri Radix, Carthami Flos, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Persicae Semen, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, and Rehmanniae Radix.Conclusion:TCM oral prescriptions for the treatment of PHN put promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and activating meridians to stop pain in priority, taking into account the clearing heat, regulating qi and blood.

Objective:By exploring the source of children's total fluoride intake and the relationship between children's total fluoride intake and dental fluorosis prevalence, to calculate the benchmark dose (BMD) of children's total fluoride intake and its 95% confidence lower limit (BMDL), and to provide the basis for revision of "Total Fluoride Intake for Inhabitants" (WS/T 87-2016).Methods:The villages that had water improvement for 5 years and more in 6 provinces of Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Anhui, Henan and Shaanxi were selected as survey sites in April 2014. The water fluoride content of these villages was 0.3 - 3.0 mg/L, tap water samples from the centralized water supply were collected, and fluoride content was detected by ion selective electrode method. Children aged 8 to 12 years were selected, children's dental fluorosis was checked by Dean's method. Children's dietary and drinking water volume were surveyed by duplicate portion study (measurement for 3 d), and dietary fluoride content was detected according to the "Method for Determination of Fluorine in Foods". The mean and standard deviation of drinking water fluoride intake, dietary fluoride intake, and total fluoride intake were measured. According to the dose-response relationship between children's total fluoride intake and the detection rate of dental fluorosis, BMD and BMDL were calculated, and the reference dose (RfD) was calculated based on BMDL.Results:The mean of water fluoride of all 29 villages was 1.26 mg/L (from 0.41 to 2.85 mg/L). Totally 3 043 children aged 8 to 12 years were checked, and the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 30.2% (919/3 034). The lowest detection rate of dental fluorosis was 2.0% (2/100) and the highest was 71.4% (30/42) in the 29 villages. The children's dietary and drinking water volume of 769 person-time aged 8 to 12 years were surveyed, the children's daily drinking water fluoride intake, dietary fluoride intake, and total fluoride intake were (0.83 ± 0.66), (1.13 ± 0.61) and (1.96 ± 0.89) mg/d, respectively. The BMD of children's daily total fluoride intake was 2.43 mg, the BMDL was 2.21 mg, and the RfD was 2.21 mg.Conclusion:The BMD of 8 to 12 years old children's daily total fluoride intake is the same as the allowable limit (2.4 mg) of the national standard "Total Fluoride Intake for Inhabitants" (WS/T 87-2016).

Objective Applyingthe traditional Chinese medical knowledge service and sharing system, to explore the medication rules of ankylosing spondylitis in the medical records.Methods The ankylosing spondylitis medical records in the traditional chinese medical knowledge service and sharing system has been searched and 149 prescriptions were identified. The medication frequency, association rules, herbal combination and the cluster analyses were explored.Results Among the 149 prescriptions with 210 drugs, the use of high frequency drugs wereGouji, Baishao, Danggui, Duzhong, Weilingxian, and other medication whose frequency was more than 20 times were good at tonifying liver and kidney, activating blood circulation, clearing heat and promoting diuresis, dispelling cold and removing dampness. The high frequency of drug combinations included Sangjisheng and Gouji, Duzhong and Gouji, Baishao and Gouji, Guizhi and Baishao, Gancao and Danggui.Conclusions The treatment of ankylosing spondylitis with Chinese medicine is mainly based on tonifying liver and kidney, supplemented with drugs for warming Kidney Yang, dispelling cold and dehumidification, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, clearing heat and promoting diuresis, dispelling wind and cold.

Objective This paper explores the application effects of the teaching mode of"Problem-based Learning (PBL)" in Chinese internal medicine teaching. Methods 73 students from the major of traditional Chinese medicine from the First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine are divided into observation group(36)and control group(37)with the random number table. Two different teaching methods, i.e., PBL and LBL (Lecture Based Learning), are employed to carry out prospective and randomized controlled study at parallel level, and then questionnaire are used to evaluate the teaching effects. Results The average scores of the observation group are high than those of the controlled group in the following aspects:the active classroom atmosphere(3.5 ± 0.6 vs.3.2 ± 0.6,t=2.275),improving classroom attention(3.6 ± 0.6 vs.3.2 ± 0.7,t=2.778),benefiting to the grasping of knowledge(3.5 ± 0.6 vs.3.0 ± 0.6,t=2.818), improving the self-taught ability(3.6 ± 0.6 vs.3.0 ± 1.1,t=2.935),improving the ability of analyzing problems(3.7 ± 0.5 vs. 3.1 ± 1.0, t=3.072), improving TCM thinking ability (3.5 ± 0.6 vs. 3.1 ± 0.9, t=2.431), enhancing the cooperative ability(3.6 ± 0.6 vs.3.0 ± 1.0,t=3.049),improving the communication ability(3.7 ± 0.5 vs.3.0 ± 1.0, t=3.864)and improving the innovation consciousness(3.2 ± 0.7 vs.2.7 ± 0.9,t=2.423)(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The score of the comprehensive evaluation of the questionnaire in the observation group are higher than that in the controlled group (P<0.01). Conclusions PBL teaching method has remarkable advantages over LBL teaching method in training the knowledge, ability and quality of students, as well as the overall teaching effect.

Objective To explore the rule of acupoints selection of acupuncture and moxibustion in treating Alzheimer disease based on TCM Knowledge Service and Sharing System (V1.2.8); To provide references for the clinic. Methods Literature about acupuncture and moxibustion for the treatment of Alzheimer disease in CNKI, Choingqing Weipu, Wanfang database, and CBM from 1st January, 1996 to 1st January, 2016 was searched. Excel2007 was used to establish database and enter into TCM Knowledge Service and Sharing System (V1.2.8). The data were analyzed by data mining method such as frequency analysis, association rule analysis, point-to-pair analysis and core prescription analysis. Results After screening, 125 acupuncture prescriptions were included, involving 108 acupoints and 998 total acupoints selection frequency. Baihui had the highest frequency (78 times, 62.40％). The core acupoint combinations were Zusanli-Baihui, Zusanli-Sanyinjiao, and Baihui-Sishencong. The main core prescription was Bauhui, Zusanli, Sishencong, Shenmen, Taixi, Sanyinjiao, Neiguan, Taichong, Fenglong, Dazhui, Fengchi, Shenshu, Shenting, Xuanzhong. The second core prescription was Hegu, Yintang, Tanzhong, Xuehai, Geshu, Ganshu, Pishu, Qihai, Yanglingyuan, and Shangxing. Conclusion The rules of acupoints selection analyzed by TCM Knowledge Service and Sharing System (V1.2.8) for Alzheimer disease can be used to guide clinical application, but with modification according to symptoms.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To observe the influences of different concentrations of MG132 on apoptosis and beta-amyloid protein ( Aβ) generation in SH-SY5Y cells, and to explore the underlying mechanism.METHODS:SHSY-5Y cells were incubated with MG132 for 24 h.The final concentrations of MG132 were 2.5, 5 and 10μmol/L.The cell viability was de-termined by MTT assay.The cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry.The levels of Aβwere measured by ELISA. The relative protein levels were detected by Western blot.RESULTS:In the SH-SY5Y cells, MG132 reduced the cell via-bility, induced the cell apoptosis, increased the level of Aβ, and increased the expression of the related proteins for Aβgeneration in a concentration-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: MG132 induces apoptosis and increases the levels of Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 by regulating the proteins related to Aβgeneration in the SH-SY5Y cells.

Adult ; Bloodletting ; Ear ; blood supply ; Female ; Humans ; Iritis ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the effect of protein kinase C inhibitor on the level of phosphralated extracellular regulated protein kinases in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of migraine model rats.Methods Healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal group (group C),sham operation group (group C),migraine model group(group M),and H-7group(H-7group),with 18 rats in each group.Dural blood flow and the extracellular discharge frequency in the spinal trigeminal nucleus was recorded.ERK1/2 phosphorylation was tested.Results (1) Dural blood flow:compared with group C((3.8± 1.0)％),the dural blood flow in M group ((78.0±4.2) ％)increased obviously(P＜0.01) ; compared with M group((78.0±4.2)％),the dural blood flow in H-7 group((-24.8±4.9) ％) decreased obviously(P＜0.01).(2) The percentage of extracellular discharge frequency change:two hours after treatment,the percentage of extracellula discharge frequency change in group M ((325.9 ±47.3)％)was higher than that in group C((107.3±16.4)％).The percentage of discharge frequency change in group H-7((136.0±26.5)％) was lower than that in group M((325.9±47.3)％).There was no significant difference in the percentage of discharge frequency change between group H-7((136.0±26.5) ％) and group C((107.3 ± 16.4)％).(2) ERK1/2 phosphorylation:the ERK1/2 phosphorylation in group M was higher than that in group C.The ERK1/2 phosphorylation in group H-7 was lower than than that in group C and group M.Conclusion ERK1/2 is a downstream PKC signal path and PKC may have indirect activation of ERK1/2.