Objective:To investigate the effect of dandelion polysaccharide(DP)on inflammatory response and the protein expression of S100 calcium binding protein A8/A9(S100A8/A9)in lung tissue and small intestinal tissue of rats with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS).Methods:The two-hit method of hemorrhagic shock and intraperitoneally injected lipopolysaccharide was used to establish a rat model of MODS,and the rats were divided into sham-operation group,model group,low-dose DP group,and high-dose DP group.The organ coefficient and wet/dry weight ratio of the lung and the small intestine were observed for each group of rats;HE staining was used to observe the pathomorphological changes of lung tissue and small intestinal tissue;immunohistochemical staining was used to measure the expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interleukin-10(IL-10)in lung tissue and small intestinal tissue;Western blot was used to measure the protein expression level of S100A8/A9 in lung tissue and small intestinal tissue.Results:Compared with the sham-operation group,the model group had significant increases in the organ coefficient of the lung(5.849±0.824),the wet/dry weight ratio of the lung(6.556±0.631),the wet/dry weight ratio of the small intestine(6.356±0.535),and the wet weight/length ratio of the small intestine(73.950±5.569).HE staining showed that that the model group had massive in-flammatory cell infiltration in alveolar space and pulmonary interstitium,thickened alveolar wall,and disintegration and fragmentation of the villi of the small intestine,with inflammatory cell infiltration and proliferation of segmental aggregated lymphoid follicles.In the model group,S100A8/A9 was mainly expressed in neutrophils and macrophages,and there were increases in the expression of S100A8/A9,IL-1β,and IL-6 and a reduction in the expression of IL-10 in the lung tissue and small intestinal tissue of rats.After treatment with high-dose DP,there were reductions in the organ coefficient of the lung(4.297±0.462),the wet/dry weight ratio of the lung(5.313±0.495),the wet/dry weight ratio of the small intestine(5.398±0.388),and the wet weight/length ratio of the small intestine(59.417±2.891).The high-dose group also had alleviation of pathological injury in the small intestine,with reductions in the expres-sion of S100A8/A9,IL-1β,and IL-6 and an increase in the expression of IL-10 in lung tissue and small intestinal tissue.Conclusion:DP may alleviate inflammatory response in lung and small intestinal injuries of rats with MODS by inhibiting the expression of S100A8/A9.

AIM:To observe the effect and mech-anism of cuttlebone extract regulating vascular en-dothelial growth factor(VEGF)/phosphatidylinosi-tol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)pathway on refractory wounds in rats.METHODS:Cuttle-bone extract(CE)was obtained by water extraction of cuttlebone.Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into negative Control group,Model group,Cuttle-bone extract low-dose(CE(L))group,Cuttlebone extract high-dose(CE(H))group,and cuttlebone ex-tract high-dose+inhibitor(CE(H)+LY294002)group.After the refractory wound model was successfully established,0.02％furacillin solution or cuttlebone extract solution were applied to the wound area of rats in each group,and the treatment was adminis-tered once a day.After 14 days of treatment for re-fractory wounds,the changes in wound healing,angiogenesis,inflammation and expression of relat-ed regulatory proteins were quantitatively ana-lyzed by measuring skin ulcer wound area,patho-logical sections,immunofluorescence staining,Eli-sa,Western blot,RT-qPCR and other methods.RE-SULTS:Compared with Model group,CE(L)and CE(H)groups can increase the number of epithelial cells and collagen,and promote the healing of re-fractory wound in rats.Serum VEGF,skin tissue mi-crovascular density,P-PI3K,P-AKT,VEGF protein ex-pression and mRNA expression levels of PI3K,Akt,VEGF and eNOS were increased(P＜0.05),while se-rum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were decreased(P＜0.05).LY294002 could partially reverse the repair-ing effect of high dose cuttlebone extract on refrac-tory wound(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Cuttlebone ex-tract can regulate the VEGF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,inhibit the inflammatory response of re-fractory wounds in rats,induce angiogenesis and promote wound healing.

AIM:To observe the effect and mech-anism of cuttlebone extract regulating vascular en-dothelial growth factor(VEGF)/phosphatidylinosi-tol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)pathway on refractory wounds in rats.METHODS:Cuttle-bone extract(CE)was obtained by water extraction of cuttlebone.Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into negative Control group,Model group,Cuttle-bone extract low-dose(CE(L))group,Cuttlebone extract high-dose(CE(H))group,and cuttlebone ex-tract high-dose+inhibitor(CE(H)+LY294002)group.After the refractory wound model was successfully established,0.02％furacillin solution or cuttlebone extract solution were applied to the wound area of rats in each group,and the treatment was adminis-tered once a day.After 14 days of treatment for re-fractory wounds,the changes in wound healing,angiogenesis,inflammation and expression of relat-ed regulatory proteins were quantitatively ana-lyzed by measuring skin ulcer wound area,patho-logical sections,immunofluorescence staining,Eli-sa,Western blot,RT-qPCR and other methods.RE-SULTS:Compared with Model group,CE(L)and CE(H)groups can increase the number of epithelial cells and collagen,and promote the healing of re-fractory wound in rats.Serum VEGF,skin tissue mi-crovascular density,P-PI3K,P-AKT,VEGF protein ex-pression and mRNA expression levels of PI3K,Akt,VEGF and eNOS were increased(P＜0.05),while se-rum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were decreased(P＜0.05).LY294002 could partially reverse the repair-ing effect of high dose cuttlebone extract on refrac-tory wound(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Cuttlebone ex-tract can regulate the VEGF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,inhibit the inflammatory response of re-fractory wounds in rats,induce angiogenesis and promote wound healing.

Purpose To explore the application value of combining 18F-FDG PET images with interpretable deep learning radiomics(IDLR)models in the differential diagnosis of primary Parkinson's disease(IPD)and atypical Parkinson's syndrome.Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using the Parkinson's Disease PET Imaging Benchmark Database from Huashan Hospital,Fudan University from March 2015 to February 2023.A total of 330 Parkinson's disease patients underwent 18F-FDG PET imaging,both 18F-FDG PET imaging and clinical scale information were collected for all subjects.The study included two cohorts,a training group(n=270)and a testing group(n=60),with a total of 211 cases in the IPD group,59 cases in the progressive supranuclear palsy(PSP)group,and a group of 60 patients with multiple system atrophy(MSA).The clinical information between different groups were compared.An IDLR model was developed to extract feature indicators.Under the supervision of radiomics features,IDLR features were selected from the features collected by neural network extractors,and a binary support vector machine model was constructed for the selected features in images of in testing group.The constructed IDLR model,traditional radiomics model and standard uptake ratio model were separately used to calculate the performance metrics and area under curve values of deep learning models for pairwise classification between IPD/PSP/MSA groups.The study conducted independent classification and testing in two cohorts using 100 10-fold cross-validation tests.Brain-related regions of interest were displayed through feature mapping,using gradient weighted class activation maps to highlight and visualize the most relevant information in the brain.The output heatmaps of different disease groups were examined and compared with clinical diagnostic locations.Results The IDLR model showed promising results for differentiating between Parkinson's syndrome patients.It achieved the best classification performance and had the highest area under the curve values compared to other comparative models such as the standard uptake ratio model(Z=1.22-3.23,all P<0.05),and radiomics model(Z=1.31-2.96,all P<0.05).The area under the curve values for the IDLR model in differentiating MSA and IPD were 0.935 7,for MSA and PSP were 0.975 4,for IPD and PSP were 0.982 5 in the test set.The IDLR model also showed consistency between its filtered feature maps and the visualization of gradient-weighted class activation mapping slice thermal maps in the radiomics regions of interest.Conclusion The IDLR model has the potential for differential diagnosis between IPD and atypical Parkinson's syndrome in 18F-FDG PET images.

Objective:To investigate the correlations of urinary adverse reactions with dose to the bladder and urethra during external pelvic irradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer.Methods:This study retrospectively collected relevant dosimetric parameters and urinary symptoms, such as frequent, urgent, and painful urination, from locally advanced cervical cancer patients treated with external pelvic irradiation in the Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. The dosimetric parameters examined in this study included the maximum, minimum, and mean doses to bladder and urethra (i.e., Dmax, Dmin and Dmean), mean doses received in an area of 0.1, 1, and 2 cm 3 around the planning target volume, D0.1 cm 3, D1 cm 3, D2 cm 3, and percentages of irradiated volumes in the whole organ volume under doses of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 Gy, V5 Gy, V10 Gy, V15 Gy, V20 Gy, V25 Gy, V30 Gy, V35 Gy, V40 Gy, V45 Gy, V50 Gy. Then the correlations between urinary symptoms and these dosimetric parameters were analyzed using the independent-sample t-test and the Logistic regression model. Results:The median volumes of bladder and urethra were 294.8 and 4.71 cm 3, respectively. Patients were divided into two groups based on the median division. The univariate analysis showed that urethral Dmax, Dmin, Dmean, V5 Gy, V10 Gy, V15Gy, V20 Gy, V25 Gy, V30 Gy, V35 Gy, V40 Gy, V45 Gy and V50 Gy correlated with urinary complications ( t = 14.30, 21.65, 32.19, 33.36, 16.62, 17.91, 21.52, 20.11, 12.27, 37.25, 30.18, 36.24 and 21.98, P<0.05). The multivariate analysis further indicates that urethral D2 cm 3, V20 Gy, V40 Gy and Bladder V40 Gy, D1 cm 3, D2 cm 3 were independent predictors of grade 2 urinary adverse reactions ( P<0.05). Conclusions:This study reported the correlations of relevant dosimetric parameters of urethra with urinary toxicity during external pelvic irradiation. It holds that urethral D2 cm 3, V20 Gy and V40 Gy should be restricted to minimize the risks of grade 2 urinary complications.

Objective:To analyze the growth characteristics of different genotypes of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in different cell lines, and to provide scientific basis for the selection of cell lines in the study of JEV.Methods:BHK-21, Vero, C6/36, PK-15, DF-1, N2a, SH-sy5y and MDCK cell lines were selected. The proliferation ability of genotype 1 (NX1889 strain), genotype 3 (P3 strain) and genotype 5 (XZ0934 strain) JEV in these cell lines was evaluated by plaque assay and RT-qPCR.Results:Significant cytopathogenic effects (CPE) were observed in BHK-21, Vero, C6/36, DF-1, N2a and PK-15 cell lines across all three JEV genotypes. However, no significant differences in CPE characteristics were observed within the same cell line. SH-sy5y and MDCK cell lines did not show significant CPE, but virus proliferation was detected in SH-sy5y cell line, while MDCK cell line were found to be insensitive to JEV. No significant difference was observed in the proliferation curves of G1, G3 and G5 JEV in BHK-21, Vero and SH-sy5y cell lines. In C6/36 and PK-15 cell lines, the titer of G1 JEV was higher than that of G3 and G5. In DF-1 cell line, G5 demonstrated a higher titer than the other two genotypes, whereas in N2a cell line, G5 showed a lower titer than the other two.Conclusions:There are differences in the proliferation of three different genotypes of JEV in different cell lines, which can provide reference for the study of JEV in different directions.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of buccal acupuncture on analgesia after tonsilloadenoidectomy in pediatric patients.Methods:This was a randomized controlled study. One hundred and twenty-six American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ pediatric patients, aged 3-12 yr, weighing 12-34 kg, with body mass index <30 kg/m 2, undergoing elective tonsilloadenoidectomy with general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=63 each) by the random number table method: buccal acupuncture group (group B) and control group (group C). All pediatric patients received the same anesthesia induction and intraoperative anesthesia maintenance. The concentration of sevoflurane was adjusted to keep the fluctuation amplitude of vital sign parameters within 20% of the baseline value. After surgery, the drug was immediately stopped and the children were transferred to the postanesthesia care unit for resuscitation under general anesthesia. In group B, the bilateral neck points, upper neck points, hologram points on the head and Zhongjiao points were selected before removal of the tracheal catheter, and disposable acupuncture needles were inserted directly into the acupoints and remained for 20-30 min. Group C received no buccal acupuncture. The pain Assessment Scale (FLACC) was used to assess the severity of postoperative pain. The postoperative agitation score was evaluated by Aono four-point rating method to evaluate the occurrence of agitation. The effective pressing times of patient-controlled analgesia, rescue analgesia and occurrence of nausea and vomiting within 48 h after operation were recorded. The occurrence of bleeding, infection and broken needle at acupuncture sites was recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the effective pressing times of patient-controlled analgesia and incidence of nausea and vomiting were significantly decreased in group B ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of rescue analgesia and incidence of postoperative agitation between the two groups ( P>0.05). No infection or broken needle was found at acupuncture sites after buccal acupuncture, only 2 cases had slight bleeding at the puncture site, and there was no abnormality after pressing in group B. Conclusions:Buccal acupuncture can enhance the analgesic effect after tonsilloadenoidectomy in pediatric patients.

Chemogenetic technology is a receptor-ligand system that regulates cell viability and function by changing receptor specificity and affinity, and it achieves precise neuronal regulation by specifically regulating neurons and neural circuits. At present, this technique is widely used in the study of neural circuits. This article briefly describes the application and progress of chemogenetic technology in the study of depression neural circuits, reviews the application of chemogenetic technology in several brain regions closely related to depression, such as ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and lateral habenula, and discusses the potential and challenges of chemogenetic technology as a technology for precise regulation of neural activity in future research, in order to provide reliable ideas and directions for chemogenetic technology in the study of depression neural circuits.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (NACT+CCRT) vs. concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) patients with large tumor masses. Methods: LACC patients with localized tumor diameter >4 cm, were randomly allocated in an unblinded 1:1 ratio to NACT+CCRT or CCRT groups. Patients in the NACT+CCRT group were given paclitaxel combined with cisplatin (TP) NACT every 3 weeks for 2 cycles, followed by CCRT, with the chemotherapy regimen the same as for NACT. CCRT group were given CCRT with the same as for NACT. Results: From March 1, 2019, to June 30, 2021, 146 patients were included in the final analysis. Sixty-eight (93.2%) patients in the NACT+CCRT group and 66 (90.4%) patients in the CCRT group completed the expected treatment course. The complete response (CR) rate in the NACT+CCRT group was significantly higher than in the CCRT group (87.7% vs.67.6%, χ2 =54.540, p=0.000). In the NACT+CCRT group, the 1- and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates were significantly higher than those in the CCRT group (96% vs. 89% and 89% vs. 79%, χ2 =5.737, p=0.017). Additionally, the rate of recurrences and distant metastases was significantly lower in the NACT+CCRT group than in the CCRT group (4.11% vs. 7.35%, χ2 =4.059, p=0.021). Most treatment-related adverse events in both groups were grade 3. Conclusion Compared to CCRT, NACT+CCRT might improve the treatment completion rate, increase CR rate and 1- and 2-year OS rates, and reduce distant metastases rate for LACC patients with large tumor masses.

Optogenetic technique is a cellular activity regulation technology that combines optics and genetics, which can specifically regulate the relevant brain regions and neural circuits in depressive animal models, thereby slowing down or aggravating depression-like behaviors in experimental animals. Optogenetic technique combined with neuroimmunoassay, behavioral detection and brain imaging techniques can provide technical support for elucidating the pathogenesis of depression, developing new antidepressants and diagnosis and treatment methods. In this paper, the application of optogenetic technique in the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, dorsal raphe nucleus and other brain regions closely related to depression is reviewed to provide ideas and directions for study of neural circuits of depression.