Aim To explore the protective effect of an-thocyanin B2(PCB2)on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in human oli-godendrocytes(MO3.13)and the underlying mecha-nism.Methods The optimal concentration of H2O2 and PCB2 for action was screened,and divided into normal group,PCB2 group(100 mg·L-1 PCB2 treat-ment for 24 hours),H2 O2 model group(500 μmol·L-1 H2O2 treatment for 24 hours),and H2O2+PCB2 group(500 μmol·L-1 H2O2 and 100 mg·L-1 PCB2 co-treated for 24 hours).FRAP method was used to detect the antioxidant capacity of PCB2;CCK-8 meth-od was used to detect the survival rate of cells in each group,while LDH method was used to assess cytotoxic-ity.Microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ELISA were used to examine the levels of LDH,NO,H2O2,as well as the activities of CAT and SOD in each group of cells.Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression levels of NRF2,xCT,HO-1,ferritin,and GPX4 in each group of cells.FerroOrange fluorescent probe was used to de-tect the intracellular content of ferrous ions(Fe2+).Results H2O2 could induce MO3.13 oxidative dam-age and lead to cell ferroptosis,while PCB2 could alle-viate MO3.13 oxidative damage and ferroptosis.Com-pared with the H2O2 model group,PCB2 intervention could significantly increase LDH content in MO3.13,reduce NO and H2O2 content,and improve SOD and CAT activity,and up-regulate the protein expression levels of NRF2,xCT,HO-1,ferritin,and GPX4.Conclusion PCB2 can enhance cellular antioxidant capacity and alleviate H2O2 induced MO3.13 oxidative damage through the NRF2/HO-1/xCT/GPX4 axis.

Venous thromboembolism is a common comorbidity in neurosurgery department that can lead to life-threatening pulmonary embolism, endangering patient health. The unique characteristics of neurosurgical conditions often present a high risk of bleeding, which complicates the treatment of venous thrombosis. Although numerous observational studies and meta-analyses support the feasibility of initiating early anticoagulation prevention or treatment after hemorrhage stabilization in intracranial hemorrhagic conditions such as traumatic brain injury and cerebral hemorrhage, there is a lack of high-quality clinical research. As a result, neurosurgeons tend to adopt a conservative approach regarding pharmacological prophylaxis and anticoagulant treatment for venous thromboembolism. Key aspects such as the timing of prevention, monitoring, and discontinuation of treatment still require high-quality research to establish definitive guidelines.

Objective:To explore the value of REG3α,sST2 and TNFR1 in peripheral blood for risk stratification and prognostic evaluation of acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD)after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)in children.Methods:From January 2020 to March 2022,70 children with aGVHD after allo-HSCT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected as the research objects,of which 50 cases were mild aGVHD(grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ)and 20 cases were severe aGVHD(grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ).30 healthy children who underwent physical examinations in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.Luminex platform was used to detect the protein expression levels of REG3α,sST2 and TNFR1 during aGVHD occurrence,and the differences between the three groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.According to the outcome of aGVHD treatment within 28 days,the patients were divided into a good prognosis group of 58 cases and a poor prognosis group of 12 cases.The ROC curve was used to analyze the value of REG3α,sST2 and TNFR1 in predicting the prognosis of children with aGVHD.Results:The peripheral blood levels of REG3α,sST2 and TNFR1 in the mild aGVHD and severe aGVHD groups were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05),and those in the severe aGVHD group were significantly higher than those in the mild aGVHD group(P＜0.05).Compared with the good prognosis group,the peripheral blood levels of REG3α,sST2 and TNFR1 in the poor prognosis group were significantly higher(t=9.27,3.33,2.97;P＜0.01).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity and specificity of the combined detection of REG3α,sST2 and TNFR1 in predicting the prognosis of children with aGVHD were higher than those of the above indicators detected alone or in pairs.Conclusion:The expression levels of REG3α,sST2 and TNFR1 were related to the severity of aGVHD.The combination of REG3α,sST2 and TNFR1 has a high clinical value in predicting the prognosis of children with aGVHD,which is expected to provide a reliable reference for clinical evaluation of the prognosis of children with aGVHD.

Purpose: We aimed to comprehensively analyze the immune cell and stromal components of tumor microenvironment at the single-cell level and identify tumor heterogeneity among the major top-derived oncogene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Materials and Methods: The scRNA-seq dataset utilized in this study comprised 64369 primary tumor tissue cells from 21 NSCLC patients, focusing on mutations in EGFR, ALK, BRAF, KRAS, TP53, and the wild-type. Results: Tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) analysis revealed differential immune responses across NSCLC mutation subtypes. TIM analysis revealed different immune responses across the mutation subtypes. Two mutation clusters emerged: KRAS, TP53, and EGFR+TP53 mutations (MC1); and EGFR, BRAF, and ALK mutations (MC2). MC1 showed higher tertiary lymphoid structures signature scores and enriched populations of C2-T-IL7R, C3-T/NK-CXCL4, C9-T/NK-NKG, and C1-B-MS4A1 clusters than cluster 2. Conversely, MC2 cells exhibited higher expression levels of TNF, IL1B, and chemokines linked to alternative immune pathways. Remarkably, co-occurring EGFR and TP53 mutations were grouped as MC1. EGFR+TP53 mutations showed upregulation of peptide synthesis and higher synthetic processes, as well as differences in myeloid and T/NK cells compared to EGFR mutations. In T/NK cells, EGFR+TP53 mutations showed a higher expression of features related to cell activity and differentiation, whereas EGFR mutations showed the opposite. Conclusion Our research indicates a close association between mutation types and tumor microenvironment in NSCLC, offering insights into personalized approaches for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune disease mainly involving the skin and muscles, as well as the heart, lungs, and joints, and it may also be complicated by malignant tumors. Among these complications, interstitial lung disease (ILD) is of particular concern. Because of the urgent onset and rapid progress, ILD is hard to diagnose at the early stage, usually leading to treatment delay. Furthermore, ILD is the common cause of death in patients with dermatomyositis. This review summarizes types of skin lesions of, serum biomarkers for and radiological features of dermatomyositis to help evaluate the risk, severity and prognosis of it complicated by ILD.

[Objective]To summarize the clinical experience of Professor YAN Jun in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)with the principle of"moistening with pungent herbs".[Methods]Through attending the outpatient work and collating the relevant medical records,Professor YAN's understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of IPF was analyzed,and the theoretical basis,the clinical medication experience of Professor YAN in treating IPF by using Bushen Yifei Xiaozheng Formula were explained and verified with one clinical case.[Results]According to Professor YAN,the pathogenesis of IPF is deficiency of lung and kidney,deficiency of Yin and fluids,loss of nourishment of the lung lobes,resulting in lung impotence;the lung lobes are weak,dysfunctional in declaring and descending,leading to stagnation of Qi movement,inable to move water,phlegm and drink stopping,Qi stagnation and blood stasis,internal accumulation of phlegm and blood stasis,resulting in paralytic obstruction of the lung channels and the occurrence of lung paralysis,and the lung paralysis for a long period of time results in lung dysfunction and the aggravation of impotence.Pungent medicine can disperse and move,enter the lung,promote through the Xuanfu,regulate Qi,disperse blood stasis,expel phlegm and accumulated nodules,and is consistent with the treatment rule of IPF.Based on the principle of"moistening with pungent herbs",Professor YAN creates Bushen Yifei Xiaozheng Formula.The cited IPF patient was deficiency of the lungs and kidneys,phlegm and blood stasis syndrome,the rule of tonifying the lungs and benefiting the kidneys,eliminating phlegm and removing blood stasis was applied,using Bushen Yifei Xiaozheng Formula,which had a good therapeutic effect in clinic.[Conclusion]The efficacy of using"moistening with pungent herbs"in the treatment of IPF is remarkable,and it has a good significance for clinical guidance,which is worth studying and passing on.

Purpose: We aimed to comprehensively analyze the immune cell and stromal components of tumor microenvironment at the single-cell level and identify tumor heterogeneity among the major top-derived oncogene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Materials and Methods: The scRNA-seq dataset utilized in this study comprised 64369 primary tumor tissue cells from 21 NSCLC patients, focusing on mutations in EGFR, ALK, BRAF, KRAS, TP53, and the wild-type. Results: Tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) analysis revealed differential immune responses across NSCLC mutation subtypes. TIM analysis revealed different immune responses across the mutation subtypes. Two mutation clusters emerged: KRAS, TP53, and EGFR+TP53 mutations (MC1); and EGFR, BRAF, and ALK mutations (MC2). MC1 showed higher tertiary lymphoid structures signature scores and enriched populations of C2-T-IL7R, C3-T/NK-CXCL4, C9-T/NK-NKG, and C1-B-MS4A1 clusters than cluster 2. Conversely, MC2 cells exhibited higher expression levels of TNF, IL1B, and chemokines linked to alternative immune pathways. Remarkably, co-occurring EGFR and TP53 mutations were grouped as MC1. EGFR+TP53 mutations showed upregulation of peptide synthesis and higher synthetic processes, as well as differences in myeloid and T/NK cells compared to EGFR mutations. In T/NK cells, EGFR+TP53 mutations showed a higher expression of features related to cell activity and differentiation, whereas EGFR mutations showed the opposite. Conclusion Our research indicates a close association between mutation types and tumor microenvironment in NSCLC, offering insights into personalized approaches for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose: We aimed to comprehensively analyze the immune cell and stromal components of tumor microenvironment at the single-cell level and identify tumor heterogeneity among the major top-derived oncogene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Materials and Methods: The scRNA-seq dataset utilized in this study comprised 64369 primary tumor tissue cells from 21 NSCLC patients, focusing on mutations in EGFR, ALK, BRAF, KRAS, TP53, and the wild-type. Results: Tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) analysis revealed differential immune responses across NSCLC mutation subtypes. TIM analysis revealed different immune responses across the mutation subtypes. Two mutation clusters emerged: KRAS, TP53, and EGFR+TP53 mutations (MC1); and EGFR, BRAF, and ALK mutations (MC2). MC1 showed higher tertiary lymphoid structures signature scores and enriched populations of C2-T-IL7R, C3-T/NK-CXCL4, C9-T/NK-NKG, and C1-B-MS4A1 clusters than cluster 2. Conversely, MC2 cells exhibited higher expression levels of TNF, IL1B, and chemokines linked to alternative immune pathways. Remarkably, co-occurring EGFR and TP53 mutations were grouped as MC1. EGFR+TP53 mutations showed upregulation of peptide synthesis and higher synthetic processes, as well as differences in myeloid and T/NK cells compared to EGFR mutations. In T/NK cells, EGFR+TP53 mutations showed a higher expression of features related to cell activity and differentiation, whereas EGFR mutations showed the opposite. Conclusion Our research indicates a close association between mutation types and tumor microenvironment in NSCLC, offering insights into personalized approaches for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Aim To explore the role and mechanism of the effective ingredients of Scutellariae Radix in improving the fibrosis of diabetes cardiomyopathy(DCM).Methods The technology platform of Chinese medicine system pharmacology(TCMSP)and the small molecule drug target prediction(Swiss Target Prediction)platform were used to excavate the active components of Scutellariae Radix and the target of its response.DCM related disease gene targets were screened using GeneCards,Disgene,UniPort and OMIM databases,and intersecting genes were imported into the String 11.5 database to construct a drug-disease-protein interaction network diagram.Cytoscape 3.9.1 software was a-dopted to visualize the key target network.Metascape platform was used to explore the molecular targets of Scutellariae Radix effective ingredients against DCM,and draw pathway maps through the KEGG database.H9c2 and AC16 cardio-myocytes were stimulated with 5.5 mmol/L D-glucose as the normal glucose control group,35 mmol/L D-glucose as the high glucose group,and 10 μmol/L Baicalin was used for intervention.The levels of TGF-β1,collagen Ⅰ(COL Ⅰ)and collagen Ⅲ(CO LⅢ)mRNA were detected by RT-qPCR,and the expression of Smad2/3,p-Smad2/3,COL Ⅰ and COL Ⅲprotein were detected by Western blot,TGF-β1 level in supernatant was assessed by ELISA.Results Through the a-bove platform,a total of 33 effective ingredients including Baicalin,441 core targets,and 1 884 DCM disease genes were retrieved,150 core genes for treating DCM with Scutellariae Radix were obtained.The drug-disease interacted genes such as TGF-β1,TP53,MMP-9 and IL-6 were obtained through String PPI,KEGG signaling pathways such as MAPK and PI3K/Akt were enriched.In vitro experiments showed high glucose stimulation of H9c2 and AC16 cardiomyocytes led to upregulation of TGF-β1,COL Ⅰ and COL Ⅲ mRNA levels,p-Smad2/3,COL Ⅰ and COL Ⅲ protein levels,and signifi-cantly increased the content of TGF-β1 in the supernatant,while Baicalin weakened its expression.Conclusion The active ingredients of Scutellariae Radix exert anti DCM effects through multiple targets,among which Baicalin inhibits TGF-β1/Smad signaling to improve high glucose induced cardiomyocyte fibrosis and plays a protective role in DCM.

Atherosclerosis(As)is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by lipid deposition.Panvascular disea-ses,which are mainly caused by As,have gradually attracted the attention of many scholars,and their main pathological features are vascular lesions.Vitamin D plays an important role in anti-As in panvascular diseases.It is involved in the regulation of renin-angiotensin system(RAS),endothelial cell injury,immune response,neutrophil extracellular traps(NET)regulation,apoptosis and autophagy,and is a new target in panvascular diseases research.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has certain advantages in the prevention and treatment of panvascular diseases.Among them,single herbs,active ingredients and compound prescriptions can regulate vitamin D-related metabolism,and have unique scientific value for the prevention and treatment of As.This article mainly discusses the role of vitamin D in multiple pathological links of panvascular diseases and related Chinese medicine interventions,aiming to provide effective ideas for the prevention and treatment of panvascular diseases from the perspective of vitamin D.