Objective To compare H_p(3) calibration with a homemade (A) thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and an imported (B) TLD in a standard X-ray RQR radiation field, to explore the different responses of A and B, and to provide foundation for the calibration of H_p(3). Methods A column mode was selected. H_p(3) calibration was performed using A and B in a standard X-ray RQR radiation field in the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory, National Institute for Radiological Protection, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Angle response, energy response, and linear response were calibrated with RQR4 (60 kV), RQR7 (90 kV), and RQR9 (120 kV), respectively. Results In terms of angle response, the calibration results of A were relatively high, while the calibration results of B were relatively low. In terms of energy response, the calibration results showed a similar pattern to angle response. In terms of linear response, the calibration results of both A and B were satisfactory. Conclusion Both A and B can be used for normal calibration of H_p(3) in a standard X-ray RQR radiation field. However, in actual monitoring, attention should be paid to the energy and angle response values of TLDs.

ObjectiveThrough a randomized， double-blind， double-simulation， positive-control， multicenter design， this study aimed to analyze the relationship between the dosage， efficacy， and safety of Pudilan anti-inflammatory oral liquid in treating acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis in adults caused by bacterial infection and validate the regulatory effect of Pudilan anti-inflammatory oral liquid on inflammatory markers such as serum amyloid A （SAA）， C-reactive protein （CRP）， white blood cells （WBC）， neutrophil percentage （NE%）， and erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR）， thereby exploring the feasibility of using Pudilan anti-inflammatory oral liquid as a substitute for antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases and providing a basis for rational clinical medication. MethodUsing a stratified randomized， double-blind， double-simulation， positive-control， multicenter design， 220 participants were enrolled from nine centers. The participants were randomly divided into three groups at 1∶1∶1 — a Pudilan anti-inflammatory oral liquid 20 mL group （73 cases）， a Pudilan anti-inflammatory oral liquid 10 mL group （73 cases）， and a control group （amoxicillin group， 74 cases）. The treatment course was 7 days. The study observed parameters including the total effective rate of sore throat， onset and disappearance time of sore throat， health status score， treatment time， and inflammation markers. Result①Dataset division： The 211 cases were included in the full analysis dataset （FAS）， 208 cases were included in the per-protocol dataset （PPS）， and 218 cases were included in the safety dataset （SS）. ② Efficacy evaluation： There were statistically significant differences （P<0.05） in the comparison of the three groups regarding the total effective rate of sore throat， disappearance time of sore throat， and health status. Both the 20 mL and 10 mL groups were non-inferior to the control group， and there was a statistically significant difference between the 20 mL and 10 mL dosage groups （P<0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of onset time of sore throat among the groups. CRP， WBC， and NE% of patients in all three groups significantly decreased on the 7^th day of treatment compared with those before treatment （P<0.01）. ③Safety evaluation： Adverse events mainly occurred in various examination indicators. There were no statistically significant differences in the comparison between groups， and no adverse reactions or serious adverse events occurred. ④Economic evaluation： The increased cost of the 10 mL and 20 mL dosage groups was entirely justified as compared with that in the control group. When comparing the 10 mL and 20 mL dosage groups， the 10 mL dosage group was deemed less advantageous. ConclusionPudilan anti-inflammatory oral liquid can be used alone as an alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by bacterial infection. It demonstrates good safety and can lower inflammation markers such as CRP， WBC， and NE%， suggesting its potential to reduce the body's inflammatory response. Its mechanism of action may be related to its multi-target regulatory mechanism.

Objective To discuss the shielding calculation method for proton therapy room, and to provide a scientific basis for shielding design of proton therapy room and improvement of existing national standards. Methods Using the calculation formula and key characteristic parameters from national standards and Chinese and foreign literature, combining with the FLUKA Monte Carlo method, empirical formula calculation and Monte Carlo simulation were conducted for the neutron ambient dose equivalent rates of the focuses outside the shielding of proton therapy room. The estimation results of the two methods were analyzed. Results Relative to the calculation results of the single exponential formula in the two directions of 0° and 50° in the beam loss point of divergence slit (0.13 and 12.4), the calculation results of the double exponential formula (0.40 and 17.9) were more consistent with the Monte Carlo simulation results (0.32 ± 0.19 and 18.2 ± 4.98). The Monte Carlo simulation results of copper target and nickel target were similar, suggesting that the key characteristic parameters of concrete shielding for copper target could be well applied to the calculation of nickel target, but the neutron ambient dose equivalent rates were underestimated when applied to tantalum target, with a difference of 5.7 times and 1.3 times in the two directions of 0° and 40°, respectively. Conclusion The dose rate estimates based on the calculation formula and key characteristic parameters from Chinese and foreign literature are consistent with FLUKA simulation results, and this method can be used in the shielding design of proton therapy room as a supplement and improvement to the existing national standards.

Rapid detection and response to visual threats are critical for survival in animals. The amygdala (AMY) is hypothesized to be involved in this process, but how it interacts with the visual system to do this remains unclear. By recording flash-evoked potentials simultaneously from the superior colliculus (SC), lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus, AMY, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and visual cortex, which belong to the cortical and subcortical pathways for visual fear processing, we investigated the temporal relationship between these regions in visual processing in rats. A quick flash-evoked potential (FEP) component was identified in the AMY. This emerged as early as in the LGN and was approximately 25 ms prior to the earliest component recorded in the SC, which was assumed to be an important area in visual fear. This quick P1 component in the AMY was not affected by restraint stress or corticosterone injection, but was diminished by RU38486, a glucocorticoid receptor blocker. By injecting a monosynaptic retrograde AAV tracer into the AMY, we found that it received a direct projection from the retina. These results confirm the existence of a direct connection from the retina to the AMY, that the latency in the AMY to flashes is equivalent to that in the sensory thalamus, and that the response is modulated by glucocorticoids.

Objective To discuss the clinical effects of forward lateral malleolus perforator flap in the repair of skin and soft tissue defect of ankle or dorsal foot.Methods From November,2014 to June,2017,16 cases of skin and soft tissue defect in ankle or dorsal foot had been repaired,which were 11 males and 5 females,aged from 25to 58 years old(average,32.5 years).The rotation points were on proximal 5 cm of the lateral malleolus in 11 cases and on the level of tarsal sinus in 5 cases.The largest flap was 10.0 cm×18.0 cm and the smallest flap was 6.0 cm×4.0 cm.The color,thickness,texture,sensation,appearance,donor site shape and functional were followed-up after operation.Results All the 16 patients were followed-up from 1 to 24 months.The distal flap appeared dark in 1 case 2 days after operation,and blood supply was improved after stitches;One case was superficial necrosis and healed after dressing.All the flaps had good appearance and texture,no pigmentation,scar contracture,and so on.Conclusion The forward lateral malleolus perforator flaps have perforator constantly and the color,thickness are similar with the receiving areas,the rotation point could on proximal 5 cm of the lateral malleolus and on the level of tarsal sinus,which is a good method to repair skin and soft tissue defect of ankle or dorsal foot.

Objective:To investigate the effect of thermal conductivity on the apical sealing ability of different dental gutta-percha cones during the warm vertical condensation obturation.Methods:Four kinds of dental gutta-percha cones were used in this study:Bio-GP points (BP,B&L,Korea),large-tapered gutta-percha (DP,DENTSPLY,America),PROTAPER Universal gutta-percha points (DPP,DENTSPLY,America) and mtwo gutta-percha points (VP,VDW,Germany).Volume differences method was used to determine the main components and the thermal conductivity determinator was used to measure the thermal conductivity of these dental gutta-percha cones.Furthermore,20 cones randomly selected from each kind of dental gutta-percha cones.And 10 cones of each dental gutta-percha cones,which were cut out the part of 4 mm in length from the apical end,were heated (200 ℃) from the upper end without compression,and the temperature of the gutta perchacones surface was monitored in time by the infrared thermal imager during the whole heating process.In addition,the rest of the 10 cones of each dental gutta-percha cones were used to obturate the root canal in the transparent root canal resin model using warm vertical condensation technique.The cross-sectional surface was observed by stereomicroscope (× 40) at 1 mm and 3 mm from the working length and the gutta-percha obturation area proportion was measured and analyzed.The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.Results:The proportion of inorganic fillers (80.90％ ± 1.14 ％) (P ＜ 0.05) and the thermal conductivity (2.247 ± 0.002)of DP was siguificantly higher than BP (79.28％ ± 3.88％,1.179 ± 0.003),DPP (68.46％ 5.09％,0.604 ±0.001),VP (78.86％ ± 1.87％,1.150 ±0.001) (P ＜0.05).During the thermal obturation without compression at the setting temperature (200 ℃),DP could achieve 65 ℃ beyond 1 mm from the heating point,and BP,DPP and VP only reached 65 ℃ within 1 mm.After warm vertical condensation obturation,all the groups showed increased gutta-percha obturation area proportion.At the position of WL-3,DP (96.89％ ±0.03％) showed significantly higher proportion of gutta-percha obturation area than BP (95.47％ ±0.06％),DPP (95.21％ ±0.03％) and VP (95.15％ ±0.03％) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:DP contains more inorganic fillers,possesses higher thermal conductivity,and leads a better apical sealing ability than BP,DPP and VP at the position of WL-3 during warm vertical condensation obturation.

Objective To realize the tactile and slip sensory functions for electromyogram controlled prosthetic hand. Methods The piezoelectric membrane polyvinylidence floride (PVDF) was used to construct a transducer for the tactile and slip sensory feedback. The fea-ture and piezoelectric response of PVDF and its mechanism of signal production were studied. The feedback control system was designed and a prototype for testing the tactile and slip sensor function was constructed and tested. Results and Conclusion The signal response of PVDF sensor is obviously, and the PVDF sensor can be used in practice.

Objective To investigate the association between the glycated albumin to glycated hemoglobin (GA/A1c) ratio and carotid plaque. Methods Type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients in endocrine inpatient department of Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital were chosen whose clinical data were collected. Results Of the recruited 154 T2DM patients , GA/HbA1c ratio was negatively correlated with BMI , blood uric acid and was positively correlated with age, HCY, FBG, PBG, left carotid IMT and right carotid IMT. In terms of carotid plaque, GA, GA/HbA1c ratio and HCY were higher in carotid plaque positive patients than those without carotid plaque. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that GA/HbA1c ratio was significantly associated with the presence of carotid plaque (P=0.008). Conclusions GA/HbA1c ratio was positively correlated with the presence of carotid artery IMT in T2DM This suggests that GA/HbA1c ratio will serve as a useful clinical marker for predicting diabetic cardiovascular complications.

BACKGROUND:Discectomy and pedicle fixation fusion are golden standard to repair lumbar degenerative disease, but the treatment would induce other complications such as degeneration of adjacent segments or severer pre-existing spinal degeneration. For the problem of lumbar fusion and fixation, lumbar elastic fixation has recently been a hot focus. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the short-term effectiveness of dynamic lumbar pedicle fixation in repair of lumbar spinal stenosis and lumbar disc herniation. ＜br> METHODS:From December 2010 to December 2012, 62 cases of lumbar spinal stenosis and lumbar disc herniation treated with lumbar dynamic system were included. The involved segments included:5 cases at L 3/4 , 20 cases at L 4/5 , 20 cases at L 5 S 1 , 6 cases at double segment L 3/4 and L 4/5, 8 cases at double segment L 4/5 , L 5 S 1 , 3 cases at L 3/4 and L 5 S 1 . There were 34 males and 28 females with an average age of 50.8 years (range 32 to 72 years). According to different fixation systems, they were assigned to three groups:general dynamic lumbar fixation system in 17 cases, K-Rod posterior dynamic stabilization system in 28 cases, and Dynesys system in 17 cases. The fol ow-up time was from 24 to 48 months. Evaluation indexes included visual analogue scale, Oswestry disability index, imaging analysis and excellent and good rate of curative effects. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with before treatment, visual analogue scale score and Oswestry disability index were significantly improved at 6 months after treatment and final fol ow-up (P＜0.01). No apparent changes were detected in the length of inserted segments and adjacent segments before treatment and during final fol ow-up. There were no significant differences in the excellent and good rate in each group after treatment (P>0.05). These data indicated that the lumbar dynamic system was an effective option for lumbar disc herniation and spinal stenosis. Although there are some differences in the structure of three kinds of flexible fixation, no obvious difference in early therapeutic effects was detected. Long-term effects deserve further investigations.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics,treatment,prognostic factors of primary small intestinal lymphoma (PSIL).Methods The clinical data of 68 patients with PSIL who were admitted to the Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from November 1999 to July 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.The diagnostic workup before operation included abdominal ultrasound,computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen,small intestinal barium radiography,endoscopy examination and laboratory examination.The patients with local PSIL underwent radical surgery,patients who were not eligible for radical surgery received palliative treatment,and then accurate staging was done according to Ann-Arbor system for gastrointestinal lymphoma,and chemotherapy was applied according to the condition of patients.The patients were followed up by letters,telephone and outpatient care till July 2012.Factors might have influence on the prognosis were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test.COX regression model were used for univariate and multivariate analysis,respectively.Results The major symptoms of PSIL included abdominal pain (69.1％,47/68) and weight loss (29.4％,20/68).All of the 68 patients underwent small intestinal barium radiography and endoscopy examination,and 15 and 11 cases were definitely diagnosed as with PSIL.Abdominal mass were detected by abdominal ultrasound in 38 of 45 cases.Positive results were found in 30 cases by CT and 5 cases by positron emission tomography (PET)-CT.PSIL mainly involved ileum (73.5％,50/68),13 PSILs were located at the jejunum and 5 at the duodenum.Of all the 68 patients,64 were with B-cell subtype PSIL and 4 were with T-cell subtype PSIL.Most tumors belonged to stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ (66.2％,45/68).All of the 68 patients were treated with surgical procedure,including 51 patients received radical resection and 17 patients had palliative resection.After operation,4-8 cycles of chemotherapy were applied in 57 patients.Seven patients received COP regimen,50 received CHOP regimen (10 patients with positive expression of CD20 received R-CHOP regimen simutaneously),the remaining 11 patients did not receive chemotherapy.Sixty-four patients were followed up,and the follow-up rate was 94.1％ (64/68).The median follow-up time was 40 months (range,3-132 months).The median survival time was 40.5 months.The 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates were 78.1％,62.2％ and 59.7％,respectively.The prognosis of patients with B-cell subtype PSIL,in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and received operation + chemotherapy was superior to those who were with T-cell subtype PSIL,in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ and received operation (x2=22.459,45.535,15.782,P ＜ 0.05).The results of univariate analysis showed that level of LDH,pathological subtype,clinical stage,presence of systemic symptom,treatment modality,radical surgery and lymphatic metastasis were risk factors for prognosis (x2=7.245,22.459,45.535,5.796,15.782,45.926,9.214,P ＜ 0.05).The results of multivariate analysis revealed B cell phenotype,stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and surgery + chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for survival (RR =7.133,5.304,0.256,95％ CI:1.634-31.130,1.498-18.781,0.095-0.691,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The major symptoms of PISL include abdominal pain and weight loss.Definite diagnosis of PSIL depends on endoscopy and imaging examination.PSIL mainly involves ileum.Surgery based treatment is the preferred option,and the combined treatment of rituximab with chemotherapy may improve the survival.B-cell phenotype,early clinical stage (Ⅰ-Ⅱ) and surgical resection plus chemotherapy are independent prognostic factors for better survival.