Objective To compare the different intervention effect of aerobic exercise or complex poly-saccharide supplement on gut microbiota(GM),GM-related metabolic pathway genes,as well as fat and weight losing of obese rats induced by high-fat diet. Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group,an obesity control(OC) group,an aerobic exercise (AE) group and a complex polysaccharide intervention(CPI) group,each of 8. The AE group was giv-en moderate intensity treadmill aerobic training for 6 weeks,while the CPI group underwent plant poly-saccharide gavage for the same period of time. Morphological indicators were measured and recorded,serum regulators of lipid metabolism were collected,and feces were collected for metagenomic sequenc-ing and analysis. Results(1) Before the intervention,the body weight of group OC was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.01). However,after 6-week aerobic exercise,the body weight and Lee's index of group OC reduced significantly(P<0.05). (2) The concentrations of peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPAR-γ) and leptin(LEP) in serum of the OC group were significantly high-er than the control group(P<0.001),but that of lipoprotein lipase(LPL) was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.001). The serum concentrations of PPAR-γ in group AE were significantly low-er than group OC(P<0.01),while those of PPAR-γ and LEP in group CPI were significantly lower than group OC(P<0.001). (3) The abundance of Akkermansia mucinphila,Alistipes finegoldii,Bacteroides ovatus and Gram-negative bacterium cL10-2b-4 in group OC was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05),with that of Prevotella copri in group AE significantly higher than group OC and that of Helicobacter rodentium significantly lower than the latter(P<0.05). Moreover,the abundance of Bifido-bacterium animalis in group CPI was significantly higher than group OC,while that of Alistipes shahii was significantly lower than the latter(P<0.05). (4) Compared with the control group,the obese group was significantly enriched in Vibrio cholerae pathogenic cycle,Staphylococcus aureus infection and vari-ous types of N-glycan biosynthesis related genes. Moreover,the abundance of salmonella infection and N-glycan biosynthesis-related genes in group AE was significantly lower than group OC(P<0.05),and that of Vibrio cholerae disease-cycle related genes in group CPI was significantly lower than group OC (P<0.05). Conclusion The imbalance in the gut microbiota structure,and the abnormal expression of related metabolic pathway genes both play important roles in the phenotype changes of high-fat diet in-duced rats,which can be effectively relieved by aerobic exercise and complex polysaccharide gavage. However,there are obvious differences in the effects and possible mechanisms between the above two intervention methods.

Objective To compare the different intervention effect of aerobic exercise or complex poly-saccharide supplement on gut microbiota(GM),GM-related metabolic pathway genes,as well as fat and weight losing of obese rats induced by high-fat diet. Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group,an obesity control(OC) group,an aerobic exercise (AE) group and a complex polysaccharide intervention(CPI) group,each of 8. The AE group was giv-en moderate intensity treadmill aerobic training for 6 weeks,while the CPI group underwent plant poly-saccharide gavage for the same period of time. Morphological indicators were measured and recorded,serum regulators of lipid metabolism were collected,and feces were collected for metagenomic sequenc-ing and analysis. Results(1) Before the intervention,the body weight of group OC was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.01). However,after 6-week aerobic exercise,the body weight and Lee's index of group OC reduced significantly(P<0.05). (2) The concentrations of peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPAR-γ) and leptin(LEP) in serum of the OC group were significantly high-er than the control group(P<0.001),but that of lipoprotein lipase(LPL) was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.001). The serum concentrations of PPAR-γ in group AE were significantly low-er than group OC(P<0.01),while those of PPAR-γ and LEP in group CPI were significantly lower than group OC(P<0.001). (3) The abundance of Akkermansia mucinphila,Alistipes finegoldii,Bacteroides ovatus and Gram-negative bacterium cL10-2b-4 in group OC was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05),with that of Prevotella copri in group AE significantly higher than group OC and that of Helicobacter rodentium significantly lower than the latter(P<0.05). Moreover,the abundance of Bifido-bacterium animalis in group CPI was significantly higher than group OC,while that of Alistipes shahii was significantly lower than the latter(P<0.05). (4) Compared with the control group,the obese group was significantly enriched in Vibrio cholerae pathogenic cycle,Staphylococcus aureus infection and vari-ous types of N-glycan biosynthesis related genes. Moreover,the abundance of salmonella infection and N-glycan biosynthesis-related genes in group AE was significantly lower than group OC(P<0.05),and that of Vibrio cholerae disease-cycle related genes in group CPI was significantly lower than group OC (P<0.05). Conclusion The imbalance in the gut microbiota structure,and the abnormal expression of related metabolic pathway genes both play important roles in the phenotype changes of high-fat diet in-duced rats,which can be effectively relieved by aerobic exercise and complex polysaccharide gavage. However,there are obvious differences in the effects and possible mechanisms between the above two intervention methods.

Objective To analyze and verify the effects of different intervention on the gut microbiota of high fat diet(HFD) induced obese rats.Methods Totally 70 male Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled in this test.After 4 weeks of HFD feeding,40 HFD induced obese rats were randomly divided into an obese control group (n=10),an aerobic exercise group(n=10),a polysaccharide lavage group(n=10),and an aerobic exercise combined with polysaccharide lavage group (n=10).The moderate intensity treadmill training,polysaccharide lavage and their combinations were conducted as their group names indicated.The gut microbiota was analyzed using the 16S rDNA sequencing before and after the intervention.Results Compared with the control group,the ratio of ruminococcacea and ruminococcaceae bromii increased significantly,while that of turicibacteraceae,bifidobacterium and turicibacter reduced significantly in HFD induced obese rats.Compared with the obese control group,aerobic exercise increased the ratio of bifidobacteriaceae,akkemansia,bifidobacterium,akkermansia mucinphila and prevetella copri significantly,but reduced that of helicobacteraceae and ruminococcaceae significantly.Compared with the obese control group,the polysaccharide lavage increased the ratio of bifidobacteriaceae and turicibacteraceae,bifidobacterium,together with allobaculum and turicibacter significantly,but reduces that of desulforibrionaceae,helicobacteraceae and ruminococcaceae,as well as ruminococcaceae bromii significantly.Compared with the obese control group,significant increase was observed in the ratio of bifidobacteriaceae,allobaculum and blautia in the aerobic exercise combined with polysaccharide lavage group.Conclusions The ratio of obesity related bacteria such as ruminococcus bromii increases significantly in the HFD induced obese rats.All of the three different interventions can optimize the gut microbiota composition of the HFD induce obese rats effectively by increasing the ratio of beneficial bacteria.However,they have significant differences on the ratio of different bateria.

Objective To compare the different effects of endurance and exhaustive exercises on hepcidin in the blood and liver,and determine the changes of related indexes about iron metabolism and hypoxia response,and of inflammatory and antimicrobial activity factors.Methods Thiry female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (n=10),an endurance exercise group (n=10) and an exhaustive exercise group (n=10).Then 4 weeks of endurance and exhaustive treadmill training were given to different exercise groups respectively.Blood samples were collected,the routine indexes of the whole blood,and the serum indexes about iron metabolism,hypoxia response,inflammatory and antimicrobial activity factors were measured.Meanwhile,liver samples were fixed,embedded and sliced,and the expression of hepcidin,hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and nuclear factor of kappa b (NF-κB) of different groups were measured using the immunochemistry staining.Results Compared with the control group,after 4-week endurance exercises,there was significant increase in the concentration of erythropoietin (EPO),but significant differences in the level of serum hepcidin and interleukin 6 (IL-6).However,after 4 weeks of exhaustive exercise,significant increase was observed in the level of hepcidin and the expression of HIF-1α in the serum and liver,as well as the serum interleukin 1 (IL-1),IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α and C reactive protein,but significant decrease was found in the concentration of serum EPO and the level of serum TF and sTFR compared to the control group.Moreover,there was significant increase in the level of toll-like receptor 4 and NF-κB,which is correlated with the antimicrobial peptide activity of hepcidin compared between the exhaustive and control group.Conclusions Four-week endurance exercise down-regulates the level of serum hepcidin,while 4-week exhaustive exercise increases the hepcidin level in the serum and liver significantly.Therefore,different exercises can result in totally different effect on the hepcidin level.

Objective To verify the efficiency and stability of hydrogen-rich water preparation with hydrogen-rich rods. Methods ①Seven firenew hydrogen-rich rods were separately placed in seven plastic bottles, each filled with distilled water and soaked for 6 h, before the hydrogen concentration of the water was measured.This process was repeated 10 times.②After the hydrogen-rich rods with the strongest and weakest hydrogen product capacity were removed, the remaining 5 hydrogen-rich rods were placed separately into 5 plastic bottles filled with distilled water,put in a water bath pot at 20,40 and 60℃, respectively, and kept for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h, respectively.Then, the hydrogen concentration, oxidation-reduction potential(ORP),and dissolved oxygen concentration(DO) were measured at various time points.③In order to determine the hydrogen emission rate from the hydrogen-rich water, the hydrogen-rich rods were constantly kept in some samples and the others were removed.All the sample bottle caps were kept open during the experimental process, and the hydrogen concentration was measured at such time points as 0, 10 and 30 min, 1, 2, 5, 12, 24, 30, 48 and 72 h, respectively.Results ①The hydrogen-rich rods used in this study could well meet the requirements.②When the environment temperature was kept constant, the hydrogen concentration of the water was increased with the soaking time of the hydrogen-rich rods, and the ORP of the water was reduced.However, the DO of the water was decreased with the rise of the environment temperature.③When the hydrogen-rich water was kept in opened plastic bottles with a 25 mm oral diameter, the hydrogen concentration of the samples with the hydrogen-rich rods reserved was almost about 0.50 ppm until 72 h, and that of the others was reduced to almost 0 ppm.Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the hydrogen-rich rods test is a simple and effective method for preparing hydrogen-rich water, which will be an valuable and useful method for using hydrogen-rich water in health promotion and prevention of chronic diseases.

Objective To verify the antibacterial activity of the conserved domain derived from the novel human antimicrobial peptide-hGlyrichin .Methods Bioinformative analysis was performed and two peptides derived from hGlyrichin were synthesized which contained the conserved domain .Results Analysis of antimicrobial activities showed that these two peptides exhibited strong antibacterial activity which was inversely proportional to the length of the peptide within an eligible range.Despite the effective inhibition and killing of bacteria , the synthetic peptide segments had no hemolytic effect on human red blood cells .Conclusion These results indicate that a conserved domain exists in hGlyrichin , and that the peptides which contain this domain have strong antibacterial activity but are not toxic to human somatic cells .