This paper focuses on the application of health big data in cancer screening. Firstly, the sources and characteristics of health big data are introduced, then the commonly used epidemiological designs and analytical techniques in hospital-based cancer screening studies are summarized and the application scenarios of such studies are described. Finally, the challenges and future development in the application of health big data are analyzed to provide reference for the future studies.

Ovarian immature teratoma is a relatively rare malignant ovarian tumor that predominantly occurs in children, adolescents, and young adults. In clinical diagnosis and treatment, tumor marker detection and imaging examinations serve as crucial bases for differentiating mature and immature terotomas. A comprehensive preoperative evaluation followed by the selection of an appropriate surgical approach and extent is key to improving prognosis. Some studies have indicated that for stage Ⅰ ovarian immature teratoma, avoiding adjuvant chemotherapy under close follow-up does not increase the risk of recurrence or affect long-term survival of patients; however, for advanced-stage ovarian immature teratoma, standardized postoperative chemotherapy is still recommended. Some patients may experience benign-malignant transformation of malignant germ cell components after surgery, such as growing teratoma syndrome or squamous cell carcinoma transformation. Due to the rarity of ovarian immature teratoma, current understanding of its pathogenesis and clinical management remains limited. This paper provides a review focusing on key clinical issues related to ovarian immature teratoma and proposes corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations, aiming to offer references for promoting multidisciplinary collaboration and individualized treatment.

Objective To investigate the correlation between salivary interleukin-33(IL-33)and anti-salivary gland protein 1(SP-1)antibody levels and salivary gland injury in primary Sjogren's syndrome(pSS).Methods A total of 91 patients with pSS admitted to Yixing People's Hospital from March 2020 to January 2025 were recruited as the observation group.Meanwhile,42 healthy individuals who were matched for gender and age and visited the same hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in saliva,along with clinical data,were compared between the observation group and the control group.Additionally,the levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in saliva were compared among patients with different salivary gland ultrasound(SGUS)scores.Moreover,the correlations between the levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in saliva of pSS patients and saliva flow rate,clinical indicators,and SGUS scores were analyzed.Results The levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The dynamic saliva flow rate and static saliva flow rate in the observation group were notably lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),while the neutrophil count,CD4+cell count,and immunoglobulin G(IgG)levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).In patients with a submandibular gland Sj?gren's Ultrasound Scoring(SGUS)score≥2,the levels of salivary IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies were significantly higher than those in patients with a submandibular gland SGUS score<2(P<0.05).Similarly,in patients with a parotid gland SGUS score≥2,the levels of salivary IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies were significantly higher than those in patients with a parotid SGUS score<2(P<0.05).Correlation analysis indicated that the levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in the saliva of pSS patients were positively correlated with the dynamic saliva flow rate,static saliva flow rate,CD4+cell count,and SGUS score(P<0.05).However,the levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in the saliva of pSS patients were not correlated with the IgG level and neutrophil count(P>0.05).Conclusions The levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in saliva are positively correlated with the saliva flow rate,CD4+cell count,and SGUS score in pSS patients.These findings suggest that these factors can serve as valuable indicators for evaluating salivary gland injury in pSS patients.

Objective:To develop outcome indicators for the implementation of comprehensive inter-ventions targeting the multimorbidity of myopia and obesity in children and adolescents,providing a basis for the co-prevention of multimorbidity and the outcome measurement of implementation research in children and adolescents.Methods:Based on the RE-AIM framework,a preliminary set of indicators was constructed.The Delphi method was employed,with experts scoring and providing feedback on the proposed indicators via questionnaires.After each round of consultation,expert enthusiasm index,authority coefficient,coordination degree,and consensus level were calculated.Expert opinions were col-lected and analyzed to modify,delete,or add indicators based on consultation results and screening crite-ria.Two Delphi rounds were conducted until consensus was achieved.Results:A total of 28 experts par-ticipated actually in both rounds.The Kendall's W coefficients for the two rounds of expert consultation were0.352(x2=413.952,P＜0.001)and 0.499(x2=405.044,P＜0.001),both statistically sig-nificant.The final outcome indicators for implementation research on comprehensive interventions for myopia and obesity comorbidity in children and adolescents included five primary dimensions with 13 secondary and 20 tertiary indicators.The dimension of reach included the number of children and adoles-cents involved,participant representativeness,and full-course participation representativeness.The di-mension of effectiveness included multimorbidity incidence,myopia incidence,spherical equivalent,body mass index(BMI),overweight and obesity prevalence,waist-to-height ratio,comprehensive health knowledge score,and comprehensive health behavior score.The dimension of adoption covered school representativeness and representativeness of school nurses and teachers involved in implementation.The dimension of implementation included fidelity,content modification,and cost.The dimension of mainte-nance included individual health outcomes and organizational sustainment.Conclusion:This study developed implementation outcome indicators for comprehensive interventions targeting multimorbidity of myopia and obesity among the children and adolescents based on the RE-AIM framework.These indica-tors can serve as a reference for optimizing intervention research strategies related to common multimor-bidity among children and adolescents in China.

AIM:To investigate the roles of up-regulated inwardly rectifier potassium channel 2.1(Kir2.1)in macrophage activation and cardiac inflammatory injury,in order to clarify the mechanism of Kir2.1 regulation in inflam-matory injury and cardiac repair.METHODS:The RAW264.7 macrophages were activated by lipopolysacharide(LPS)and treated with Kir2.1 agonist zacopride or lentivirus-Kir2.1 overexpression(Kir2.1-OE).Macrophages were randomly divided into control,LPS,LPS+zacopride(or LPS+Kir2.1-OE),and LPS+zacopride+BaCl2 groups.The effects of Kir2.1-OE and AG490[Janus kinase 2(JAK2)inhibitor]on the JAK2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)signaling pathway in macrophages were also investigated.The expression of CD86,interleukin-6(IL-6)and Kir2.1 in M1 macrophages was detected by RT-qPCR or immunofluorescence staining.The expression of JAK2/STAT3 molecules was detected by Western blot.The RAW264.7 macrophages were incubated with LPS,LPS+zacopride or LPS+zacopride+BaCl2 for 12 h,and then co-cultured with H9C2(2-1)cardiomyocytes for 48 h.The expression of Kir2.1,IL-4,IL-6,IL-1β,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),caspase-3,cleaved caspase-3,calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II(CaMKII)and p-CaMKII in cardiomyocytes was detected by Western blot.We fur-ther compared the effects of zacopride and KN-93,a known CaMKII inhibitor,on cardiac CaMKII.After being incubated with LPS for 12 h and changed the medium,RAW264.7 macrophages were co-cultured with H9C2(2-1)cardiomyocytes which was pretreated with KN-93.The cardiomyocytes were divided into control,LPS,and LPS+KN-93 groups.The ex-pression of CaMKII and p-CaMKII were detected by Western blot.RESULTS:Zacopride inhibited LPS-induced M1-type polarization of macrophages in a Kir2.1-dependent manner as showed by a significant decrease in CD86(M1-type marker)and IL-6(P<0.05).Zacopride or Kir2.1-OE inhibited LPS-induced activation of JAK2/STAT3 inflammatory signaling pathway in macrophages,with effects similar to the JAK2 inhibitor AG490.The H9C2(2-1)cardiomyocytes were co-cul-tured with M1-polarized macrophages(P<0.05).Zacopride inhibited M1 macrophage-induced inflammatory injury in car-diomyocytes,which was manifested as decreased expression of IL-1β and IL-6,increased expression of IL-4,and de-creased apoptosis.Zacopride also inhibited activation of CaMKII in a Kir2.1-dependent manner in H9C2(2-1)cells co-cultured with macrophages(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Up-regulation of Kir2.1 may inhibit LPS-induced M1-type polar-ization of macrophages via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.Up-regulation of macrophage Kir2.1 may play a pro-tective role in cardiac repair after myocardial infarction by negative regulation of CaMKII signaling.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrasaccular flow disruptor in wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.Methods:One hundred and seventeen patients with wide-necked intracranial aneurysms treated with intrasaccular flow disruptor were collected from Department of Neurointervention (First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Department of Neurosurgery (Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University), Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center (Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University), and Department of Neurosurgery (First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University) from August 2022 to March 2024. Raymond-Roy Occlusion Classification (RROC) was employed to evaluate aneurysm embolization immediately after procedure; cranial CT or MRI within 48 hours of embolization were performed to identify any new intracranial hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or new symptomatic cerebral infarction related to the intracranial aneurysms. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to assess the neurological function at discharge. Imaging follow-up and outpatient follow-up were performed at 6 months after embolization to evaluate the aneurysm occlusion degree and complications.Results:A total of 117 intrasaccular flow disruptors were implanted in 117 patients, with a technical success rate of 100%; 115 patients (98.3%) enjoyed successful one-time release of their disruptors, and 2 patients (1.7%) required retrieval and redirection of the disruptors before second successful attempt. Flow disruptor plus stent was performed in 13 patients (11.1%). Immediately after procedure, RROC grading I was noted in 3 patients, grading II in 51 patients and grading III in 63 patients. Cranial CT or MRI within 48 hours of embolization indicated no new intracranial hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or symptomatic cerebral infarction related to the intracranial aneurysms. All patients had mRS score of 0 at discharge. Eighty-three patients completed a 6-month follow-up (RROC grading I in 41 patients, grading II in 33 patients and grading III in 9 patients), without ischemic or hemorrhagic adverse events.Conclusion:The results of this study preliminarily suggest that intrasaccular flow disruptor is effective and safe in wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coil embolization in patients with middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed; the clinical data of 46 patients with middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms accepted Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coil embolization in First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University and First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2022 to March 2024 were collected. There were 28 ruptured aneurysms (60.87%) and 18 unruptured aneurysms (39.13%). Follow-up was performed for more than 3 months; Raymond-Roy grading was used to evaluate the aneurysm embolization immediately after embolization and during follow-up; perioperative hemorrhagic or ischemic complications were recorded; modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the prognosis of the patients at discharge and during follow-up (mRS score≤2: good prognosis, and mRS score>2: poor prognosis).Results:Coil embolization was successful in all 46 patients. DSA immediately after embolization showed that 41 patients (89.13%) had completely occluded aneurysms (Raymond-Roy grading I), 2 patients (4.35%) had residual aneurysm neck (Raymond-Roy grading Ⅱ) and 3 patients (6.52%) had partially occluded aneurysms (Raymond-Roy grading Ⅲ). Perioperative complications occurred in 5 patients, including 2 with postoperative cerebral infarction, 1 with hydrocephalus, 1 with postoperative pneumonia leading to respiratory failure, and 1 with stent thrombosis during embolization. Both at discharge and 3 months after embolization, 43 patients (93.48%) had good prognosis and 3 patients (6.52%) had poor prognosis. No obvious ischemic complications (such as stent restenosis) or hemorrhagic complications (such as re-rupture of the aneurysms) were found in all patients. Thirty patients (65.22%) had imaging follow-up for 6-12 months: 26 (86.67%) had Raymond-Roy grading I, 3 (10.00%) had Raymond-Roy grading II, and 1 (3.33%) had Raymond-Roy grading III.Conclusion:Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coil embolization has good short-term efficacy and high safety in middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms, but long-term follow-up observation is still needed to verify its efficacy.

Objective:To develop outcome indicators for the implementation of comprehensive inter-ventions targeting the multimorbidity of myopia and obesity in children and adolescents,providing a basis for the co-prevention of multimorbidity and the outcome measurement of implementation research in children and adolescents.Methods:Based on the RE-AIM framework,a preliminary set of indicators was constructed.The Delphi method was employed,with experts scoring and providing feedback on the proposed indicators via questionnaires.After each round of consultation,expert enthusiasm index,authority coefficient,coordination degree,and consensus level were calculated.Expert opinions were col-lected and analyzed to modify,delete,or add indicators based on consultation results and screening crite-ria.Two Delphi rounds were conducted until consensus was achieved.Results:A total of 28 experts par-ticipated actually in both rounds.The Kendall's W coefficients for the two rounds of expert consultation were0.352(x2=413.952,P＜0.001)and 0.499(x2=405.044,P＜0.001),both statistically sig-nificant.The final outcome indicators for implementation research on comprehensive interventions for myopia and obesity comorbidity in children and adolescents included five primary dimensions with 13 secondary and 20 tertiary indicators.The dimension of reach included the number of children and adoles-cents involved,participant representativeness,and full-course participation representativeness.The di-mension of effectiveness included multimorbidity incidence,myopia incidence,spherical equivalent,body mass index(BMI),overweight and obesity prevalence,waist-to-height ratio,comprehensive health knowledge score,and comprehensive health behavior score.The dimension of adoption covered school representativeness and representativeness of school nurses and teachers involved in implementation.The dimension of implementation included fidelity,content modification,and cost.The dimension of mainte-nance included individual health outcomes and organizational sustainment.Conclusion:This study developed implementation outcome indicators for comprehensive interventions targeting multimorbidity of myopia and obesity among the children and adolescents based on the RE-AIM framework.These indica-tors can serve as a reference for optimizing intervention research strategies related to common multimor-bidity among children and adolescents in China.

Objective:To investigate the potential characteristic manifestations and application value of the Dynamic Visual Acuity Test（DVAT） in vestibular migraine（VM）. Methods:A total of 50 VM patients（case group） and 50 healthy subjects（control group） diagnosed at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between November 1, 2023, and December 31, 2024, were enrolled. The case group underwent DVAT, video head impulse test（vHIT）, caloric test, and Dizziness Handicap Inventory（DHI） assessment, whereas the control group only received DVAT. Group-based analyses were conducted to examine the effect of age on Dynamic Visual Acuity Loss（DVALoss）, as well as the correlations of DVALoss with vestibular function tests and DHI scores. Results:DVALoss in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group（P<0.001）. In both groups, age was significantly and positively correlated with DVALoss（P<0.001）. Within the case group, DVALoss was strongly and positively correlated with DHI scores（r=0.807, P<0.001）; it was negatively correlated with the vestibulo-ocular reflex（VOR） gain in vHIT, though without clinical significance, and showed no significant association with the caloric test. Age and DVALoss collectively accounted for 71.3% of the variance in DHI scores（R²=0.713）, with age exerting a relatively minor actual impact. Conclusion:DVAT can sensitively identify the core functional impairments of VM. DVALoss, as a direct functional reflection of the pathological mechanism of VM, is strongly correlated with DHI scores. Incorporating DVALoss into standardized assessments may provide an objective basis for the diagnosis and management of VM.
Humans ; Migraine Disorders/diagnosis* ; Visual Acuity ; Case-Control Studies ; Head Impulse Test ; Vestibular Function Tests ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Vestibular Diseases/physiopathology* ; Middle Aged ; Caloric Tests

Intestinal fibrosis is a significant clinical challenge in inflammatory bowel diseases, but no effective anti-fibrotic therapy is currently available. Glucagon receptor (GCGR) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) are both peptide hormone receptors involved in energy metabolism of epithelial cells. However, their role in intestinal fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Herein GCGR and GLP1R were found to be reduced in the stenotic ileum of patients with Crohn's disease as well as in the fibrotic colon of mice with chronic colitis. The downregulation of GCGR and GLP1R led to the accumulation of the metabolic byproduct lactate, resulting in histone H3K9 lactylation and exacerbated intestinal fibrosis through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Dual activating GCGR and GLP1R by peptide 1907B reduced the H3K9 lactylation in epithelial cells and ameliorated intestinal fibrosis in vivo. We uncovered the role of GCGR/GLP1R in regulating EMT involved in intestinal fibrosis via histone lactylation. Simultaneously activating GCGR/GLP1R with the novel dual agonist peptide 1907B holds promise as a treatment strategy for alleviating intestinal fibrosis.