BACKGROUND:The healing of mandibular fractures after rigid internal fixation is influenced by many factors,including the material of the bone plate,fracture site,and bone density of the patient.However,there are relatively few studies on the relationship between the stability of mandibular fracture fixation in different bone qualities and they lack a scientific basis. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the stability of fixation of mandibular fractures with different bone qualities with bioabsorbable plates and miniature titanium plates by finite element analysis. METHODS:Three-dimensional finite element models of class Ⅰ-Ⅳ mandibular fractures were developed according to the bone quality classification method proposed by ZARB and LEKHOLM.The fractures at the median mandibular symphysis,mandibular body,and mandibular angle were simulated under different bone qualities.Bioabsorbable bone grafting plates(or miniature titanium plates)were placed at each fracture site for fixation and to simulate the state of healthy side occlusion.Finite element analysis on the model was used to analyze the relative displacement of the fracture segments and the stress distribution of fixators. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The maximum stress value during fixation with titanium plates increased gradually with the increase of bone class,in which the maximum stress value of titanium plates was the highest in the mandibular body class Ⅳ bone group,which was 382.74 MPa and 96.11 MPa in the miniature titanium plate and bioabsorbable plate groups.The results for mandibles of the same bone type showed that the maximum stress value of titanium plates was much higher than that of bioabsorbable plates.(2)For fractures of the median middle of the mandible in types Ⅲ and Ⅳ,the displacement of the fracture breaks at the fixation site was large and exceeded the limiting value of bone healing(>150 μm),regardless of whether the fixation was performed with a miniature titanium plate or a bioabsorbable plate.For type Ⅳ mandibular fractures,the fracture end displacement in the bioabsorbable plate group exceeded the healing limit value,and the fracture end displacement in the miniature titanium plate group was close to the healing limit value.Under the same bone quality and fracture site,the fracture displacement of the miniature titanium plate group was smaller than that of the bioabsorbable plate group.(3)The results showed that the strength and stiffness of the two internal fixations were sufficient to support bone healing of fractures at three sites of the types Ⅰ-Ⅳ mandible,and the fixation stability of the bioabsorbable plate was almost the same as that of the miniature titanium plate,which could provide early healing conditions for fractures.Mandibular bone type should be taken into consideration in the treatment of mandibular fracture.The higher the mandibular bone grade,the worse the stability of fracture fixation,and the more likely the complications such as poor bone healing will occur after surgery.

OBJECTIVES: To propose a new method for optimizing radiotherapy planning for lung cancer by incorporating prognostic models that take into account individual patient information and assess the feasibility of treatment planning optimization directly guided by minimizing the predicted prognostic risk. METHODS: A mixed fluence map optimization objective was constructed, incorporating the outcome-based objective and the physical dose constraints. The outcome-based objective function was constructed as an equally weighted summation of prognostic prediction models for local control failure, radiation-induced cardiac toxicity, and radiation pneumonitis considering clinical risk factors. These models were derived using Cox regression analysis or Logistic regression. The primary goal was to minimize the outcome-based objective with the physical dose constraints recommended by the clinical guidelines. The efficacy of the proposed method for optimizing treatment plans was tested in 15 cases of non-small cell lung cancer in comparison with the conventional dose-based optimization method (clinical plan), and the dosimetric indicators and predicted prognostic outcomes were compared between different plans. RESULTS: In terms of the dosemetric indicators, D_95% of the planning target volume obtained using the proposed method was basically consistent with that of the clinical plan (100.33% vs 102.57%, P=0.056), and the average dose of the heart and lungs was significantly decreased from 9.83 Gy and 9.50 Gy to 7.02 Gy (t=4.537, P<0.05) and 8.40 Gy (t=4.104, P<0.05), respectively. The predicted probability of local control failure was similar between the proposed plan and the clinical plan (60.05% vs 59.66%), while the probability of radiation-induced cardiac toxicity was reduced by 1.41% in the proposed plan. CONCLUSIONS The proposed optimization method based on a mixed objective function of outcome prediction and physical dose provides effective protection against normal tissue exposure to improve the outcomes of lung cancer patients following radiotherapy.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy* ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/radiotherapy* ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVES: To observe the evolution of intrahepatic macrophage polarization in mice with liver fibrosis induced by iron overload. METHODS: Thirty-two C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks) were randomized into control group (n=8) and liver fibrosis model group (n=24) induced by aidly intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran. At the 3rd, 5th, and 7th weeks of modeling, 8 mice in the model group were sacrificed for observing liver fibrosis using Masson, Sirius Red and immunohistochemical staining and detecting serum levels of ALT, AST and the levels of serum iron, ferritin, liver total Fe and ferrous Fe. iNOS⁺/F4/80⁺ cells and CD206⁺/F4/80⁺ cells were detected by double immunofluorescence assay to observe the proportion and distribution of M1 and M2 macrophages. The hepatic expressions of Arg-1, iNOS, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF‑α proteins were detected using Western blotting or ELISA, and the expression of CD206 mRNA was detected using RT-PCR. RESULTS: The mice in the model group showed gradual increase of fibrous tissue hyperplasia in the portal area over time, structural destruction of the hepatic lobules and formation of pseudolobules. With the passage of time during modeling, the rat models showed significantly increased hepatic expressions of α-SMA and COL-1, elevated serum levels of ALT, AST, Fe, ferritin, and increased liver total Fe and ferrous Fe levels. The expressions of M1 polarization markers IL-6, TNF‑α, and iNOS all increased with time and reached their peak levels at the 3rd week; The expressions of M2 polarization markers (IL-10 and Arg-1 proteins and CD206 mRNA) significantly increased in the 3rd week and but decreased in the 5th and 7th weeks. CONCLUSIONS Iron overload promotes M1 polarization of macrophages in mice. Liver fibrosis in the early stage promotes M2 polarization of macrophages but negatively regulate M2 polarization at later stages.
Animals ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Iron Overload/pathology* ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Male ; Liver Cirrhosis/etiology* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism* ; Interleukin-10/metabolism* ; Liver/pathology* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Mannose Receptor ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Mannose-Binding Lectins/metabolism* ; Arginase

Liver regeneration following injury aids the restoration of liver mass and the recovery of liver function. In the present study we investigated the contribution of megakaryocytic leukemia 1 (MKL1), a transcriptional modulator, to liver regeneration. We report that both MKL1 expression and its nuclear translocation correlated with hepatocyte proliferation in cell and animal models of liver regeneration and in liver failure patients. Mice with MKL1 deletion exhibited defective regenerative response in the liver. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MKL1 interacted with E2F1 to program pro-regenerative transcription. MAPKAPK2 mediated phosphorylation primed MKL1 for its interaction with E2F1. Of interest, phospholipase d2 promoted MKL1 nuclear accumulation and liver regeneration by catalyzing production of phosphatidic acid (PA). PA administration stimulated hepatocyte proliferation and enhanced survival in a MKL1-dependent manner in a pre-clinical model of liver failure. Finally, PA levels was detected to be positively correlated with expression of pro-regenerative genes and inversely correlated with liver injury in liver failure patients. In conclusion, our data reveal a novel mechanism whereby MKL1 contributes to liver regeneration. Screening for small-molecule compounds boosting MKL1 activity may be considered as a reasonable approach to treat acute liver failure.

OBJECTIVE To prepare berberine/piperine co-loaded self-microemulsion drug delivery system （BBR/PIP- SMEDDS）， evaluate its physicochemical properties， in vitro release and pharmacokinetic characteristics. METHODS The drug loading mass ratio of berberine （BBR） and piperine （PIP） in the preparation was determined by the everted intestinal sac method. The oil-phase， emulsifier and co-emulsifier were determined by solubility detection， compatibility evaluation and pseudo-ternary phase diagram， respectively. The formulation of blank self-microemulsion drug delivery system （SMEDDS） was optimized and verified by central composite design-response surface methodology with the amount of oil-phase and the mass ratio of emulsifier to co-emulsifier as factors， and the comprehensive score of particle size and Zeta potential as response value. According to the optimal prescription， BBR/PIP-SMEDDS was prepared by adding excessive BBR and PIP raw materials under magnetic stirring， and its physicochemical properties， in vitro release behavior and pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats were investigated. RESULTS The drug loading mass ratio of BBR and PIP was 1∶1. The optimal prescription included oil-phase （ethyl oleate） accounted for 18.54%， emulsifier （Tween-80） accounted for 52.16%， and co-emulsifier （polyethylene glycol 400） accounted for 29.30%. Three verification experiments showed that the average particle size of blank SMEDDS was （16.49±0.49） nm； the Zeta potential was （－16.22±0.77） mV； the comprehensive score was 0.97， the relative deviation of which from the predicted value （0.95） was 2.11%. The prepared BBR/PIP-SMEDDS was an oil-in-water microemulsion， which was a golden yellow oily liquid with a spherical shape. The average particle size was （32.90±0.38） nm， and the Zeta potential was （－19.17±0.70） mV. The encapsulation efficiency of BBR was （90.44±0.88）% ， and the drug loading was （10.18±0.17） mg/g. The encapsulation efficiency of PIP was （87.48±1.13）%， and the drug loading was （9.41±0.17） mg/g. BBR/PIP-SMEDDS had good stability at low temperature （4 ℃ ） in the dark， centri-fugation and dilution. The results of in vitro release showed that the cumulative release percentage of BBR in simulated intestinal fluid for 24 h was significantly higher than that of the raw drug after the preparation of SMEDDS. The pharmacokinetic results in rats showed that the peak concentration and area under the drug- concentration time curve （AUC0－）t of BBR/PIP-SMEDDS were 4.61 and 7.07 times higher than those of the raw drug respectively， and the relative bioavailability was 707.484%. CONCLUSIONS BBR/PIP-SMEDDS is successfully prepared， and the in vitro release and bioavailability of the preparation are greatly improved compared with the raw material.

Objective:Trigeminal neuralgia(TN)is a severe chronic neuropathic pain that mainly affects the distribution area of the trigeminal nerve with limited treating efficacy.There are numerous treatments for TN,but currently the main clinical approach is to suppress pain by carbamazepine(CBZ).Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)is closely related to chronic pain.This study aims to determine the effects of CBZ treatment on BDNF expression in both the trigeminal ganglion(TG)and serum of TN via a chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve(ION-CCI)rat model. Methods:The ION-CCI models were established in male Sprague-Dawley rats and were randomly divided into a sham group,a TN group,a TN+low-dose CBZ treatment group(TN+20 mg/kg CBZ group),a TN+medium-dose CBZ treatment group(TN+40 mg/kg CBZ group),and a TN+high-dose CBZ treatment group(TN+80 mg/kg CBZ group).The mechanical pain threshold in each group of rats was measured regularly before and after surgery.The expressions of BDNF and tyrosine kinase receptor B(TrkB)mRNA in TGs of rats in different groups were determined by real-time PCR,and the expression of BDNF protein on neurons in TGs was observed by immunofluorescence.Western Blotting was used to detect the protein expression of BDNF,TrkB,extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK),and phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases(p-ERK)in TGs of rats in different groups.The expression of BDNF in the serum of rats in different groups was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results:The results of mechanical pain sensitivity showed that there was no significant difference in the mechanical pain threshold in the right facial sensory area of the experimental rats in each group before surgery(all P>0.05).From the 3rd day after operation,the mechanical pain threshold of rats in the TN group was significantly lower than that in the sham group(all P<0.01),and the mechanical pain threshold of rats in the TN+80 mg/kg CBZ group,the TN+40 mg/kg CBZ group,and the TN+20 CBZ mg/kg group was higher than that in the TN group(all P<0.05).The BDNF and TrkB mRNA and protein expressions in TGs of rats in the TN group were higher than those in the sham group(all P<0.05),and those in the TN+80 mg/kg CBZ group,the TN+40 mg/kg CBZ group,and the TN+20 mg/kg CBZ group were lower than the TN group(all P<0.05).The p-ERK levels in TG of rats in the TN+80 mg/kg CBZ group,the TN+40 mg/kg CBZ group,and the TN+20 mg/kg CBZ group were significantly decreased compared with the TN group(all P<0.05).The BDNF and neuron-specific nuclear protein(NeuN)were mainly co-expressed in neuron of TGs in the TN group and they were significantly higher than those in the sham group(all P<0.05).The co-labeled expressions of BDNF and NeuN in TGs of the TN+ 80 mg/kg CBZ group,the TN+40 mg/kg CBZ group,and the TN+20 mg/kg CBZ group were lower than those in the TN group(all P<0.05).The results of ELISA showed that the level of BDNF in the serum of the TN group was significantly higher than that in the sham group(P<0.05).The levels of BDNF in the TN+80 mg/kg CBZ group,the TN+40 mg/kg CBZ group,and the TN+20 mg/kg CBZ group were lower than those in the TN group(all P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the BDNF level in serum was negatively correlated with mechanical pain threshold(r=-0.650,P<0.01). Conclusion:CBZ treatment can inhibit the expression of BDNF and TrkB in the TGs of TN rats,reduce the level of BDNF in serum of TN rats and the phosphorylation of ERK signaling pathway,so as to inhibit TN.The serum level of BDNF can be considered as an indicator for the diagnosis and prognosis of TN.

Objective To summarize the medication law of TCM in the treatment of chronic bronchitis;To provide reference for clinical medication.Methods Medical records of patients with chronic bronchitis who were hospitalized in the Respiratory Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from January 1,2016 to December 31,2021 were extracted based on HIS electronic medical record data.After screening,the TCM prescriptions used by patients with chronic bronchitis were input into Excel 2019 to establish a database.Based on the software Lantern 5.0,the latent structure model was learned,hidden variables and explicit variables were obtained,and the model was interpreted.SPSS Modeler 18.0 was used to establish model points with Apriori algorithm for Chinese materia medica with a frequency greater than 6%,to obtain the association rules between drugs,and to analyze the medication law of TCM in treating chronic bronchitis.Results A total of 3 410 cases were included,involving 423 kinds of Chinese materia medica,with a cumulative frequency of 82 766 times.Among them,109 kinds of Chinese materia medica with a frequency of>6 % had a cumulative frequency of 69 845 times.The top five commonly used medicines were Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus,Poria,Atractyodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Asteris Radix et Rhizoma,Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,mainly with medicines of reducing cough and phlegm,antiasthmatic medicine,tonifying deficiency,clearing heat,relieving superficies,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.The medicinal properties were warming,cold and mild,and the main tastes were bitter,sweet and pungent,and the meridians were mainly lung,spleen,liver and stomach meridians.Through analysis of latent structure,49 hidden variables and 149 hidden classes were obtained.Combined with professional knowledge,10 comprehensive clustering models and 21 core formulas were deduced,such as Sangbaipi Decoction,Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction,Xiaoqinglong Decoction,Erchen Decoction,Shashen Maidong Decoction,Liuwei Dihuang Pills,Yinqiao Powder,Zhisou Powder,Yupingfeng Powder,Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction combined with Daotan Decoction,etc.It was concluded that the chronic bronchitis syndrome included phlegm-heat stagnation lung syndrome,qi stagnation blood stasis syndrome,cold fluid attacking lung syndrome,phlegm-dampness accumulation lung syndrome,lung qi and yin deficiency syndrome,kidney yin deficiency syndrome,wind heat attacking lung syndrome,wind cold attacking lung syndrome,lung qi and spleen deficiency syndrome,phlegm stasis interjunction syndrome.A total of 41 strong association rules were screened in the analysis of association rules,including 5 strong association rules for two and 36 strong association rules for three.The high confidence rules were Saposheikovize Radix + Angelicae Sinensis Radix →Atractyodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Saposheikovize Radix + Codonopsis Radix → Atractyodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Codonopsis Radix + Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium → Atractyodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma;the higher degree of improvement were Bupleuri Radix + Mori Cortex → Scutellariae Radix,Perillae Fructus + Belamcandae Rhizoma → Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus,Armeniacae Semen Amarum + Pinelliae Rhizoma → Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,etc.Conclusion In the treatment of chronic bronchitis,TCM is mainly used to reduce phlegm,relieve cough and asthma,and the method of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis is commonly used to help eliminate phlegm.In addition,TCM pays attention to the application of methods such as tonifying lung and securing the exterior,invigorating spleen and benefiting qi.

Objective:To compare the consistency of lymphoma multigene detection panels based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) with FISH detection of B-cell lymphoma gene rearrangement.Methods:From January 2019 to May 2023, fusion genes detected by lymphoma-related 413 genes that targeted capture sequencing of 489 B-cell lymphoma tissues embedded in paraffin were collected from Henan Cancer Hospital, and the results were compared with simultaneous FISH detection of four break/fusion genes: BCL2, BCL6, MYC, and CCND1. Consistency was defined as both methods yielding positive or negative results for the same sample. The relationship between fusion mutation abundance in NGS and the positivity rate of cells in FISH was also analyzed.Results:Kappa consistency analysis revealed high consistency between NGS and FISH in detecting the four B-cell lymphoma-related gene rearrangement ( P<0.001 for all) ; however, the detection rates of positive individuals differed for the four genes. Compared with FISH, NGS demonstrated a higher detection rate for BCL2 rearrangement, a lower detection rate for BCL6 and MYC rearrangement, and a similar detection rate for CCND1 rearrangement. No correlation was found between fusion mutation abundance in NGS and the positivity rate of cells in FISH. Conclusions:NGS and FISH detection of B-cell lymphoma gene rearrangement demonstrate overall good consistency. NGS is superior to FISH in detecting BCL2 rearrangement, inferior in detecting MYC rearrangement, and comparable in detecting CCND1 rearrangement.

【Objective】 To review the scientific research advances in the field of preschool children′s nutrition from 2012 to 2022, in order to provide reference for relevant policy formulation and further scientific exploration in this area. 【Methods】 High-quality literature published both domestically and internationally between 2012 and 2022 was retrieved through Web of Science (WOS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. Excel and CiteSpace software were applied to visualize the research hotspots and frontier trends. 【Results】 A total of 1 816 English articles and 110 Chinese articles were included in the analysis. The cooperation network density of research institutions and authors was found to be low. Excluding the search terms, the top three English keywords were vitamin A (0.74), intervention (0.67), obesity prevention (0.55); the top three Chinese keywords were "anemia" (0.41), "obesity" (0.38), and "nutritional status" (0.18). In Chinese and English clusters, "anemia" and "physical activity" ranked first, respectively. The latest burst words identified were "dietary pattern" and "diet quality". 【Conclusions】 The number of English literature published in the field of preschool children′s nutrition is increasing, but it has shown a downward trend in the past three years in China. There are few studies in this field in China. The research hotspots primarily focus on the nutritional status of preschool children, with less attention paid to intervention research and methodological exploration. Further research in the field of preschool children′s nutrition in China may need to focus on the external determinants of preschool children′s nutrition, such as parental education, diet and food supply.

Objective:To investigate the role of ferroptosis in calcium oxalate (Calcium Oxalate, CaOx) crystal-induced injury of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells).Methods:From March 2021 to September 2021, I used calcium oxalate crystal suspension to intervene HK-2 cells to build a HK-2-CaOx reaction model. Set the concentration gradient group and time gradient of calcium oxalate crystal intervention in HK-2 cells: 7 groups of calcium oxalate crystals with different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 mmol/L) were used to intervene HK-2 cells24 hours, the HK-2 cell protein was extracted after the intervention; HK-2 cells were intervened with calcium oxalate crystals at optimum concentration, and extract proteins at different time points (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 h) after intervention, the expression of intracellular ferroptosis marker protein glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was detected by Western blot. Intervention of HK-2 cells with ferroptosis inducer Erastin and ferroptosis inhibitor ethyl 3-amino-4-cyclohexylaminobenzoate (Ferrostatin-1, Fer-1) to regulate intracellular ferroptosis Level. HK-2 cells were divided into 4 groups: normal control group (NC; no intervention treatment, cultured in complete medium only); calcium oxalate crystal stimulation group (CaOx; cultured in complete medium containing 4.0 mmol/L CaOx crystals); calcium oxalate crystals + erastine treatment group (CaOx+ Erastin; cultured in complete medium containing 10.0 μmol/L erastine and 4.0 mmol/L calcium oxalate crystals); calcium oxalate crystals + Fer-1 Treatment group (CaOx+ Fer-1; cultured in complete medium containing 1.0 μmol/L Fer-1 and 4.0 mmol/L calcium oxalate crystals). After 24 hours, the expression of ferroptosis-related protein GPX4, long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthase 4 (ACSL4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) in HK-2 cells was analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence techniques; the content of glutathione in HK-2 cells was detected; DCFH-DA fluorescence staining was used to observe the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HK-2 cells. The adhesion of calcium oxalate in HK-2 cells in each group was observed by light microscope, and the nuclear damage of HK-2 cells was detected by DAPI staining.Results:The expression levels of GPX4 in cells in the concentration gradient of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 mmol/L were5.67±1.05, 5.60±0.02, 4.99±0.94, 4.82±0.93, 4.50±0.70, 4.14± 0.53, 0.97±0.53. The expression difference of GPX4 between the 4.0 mmol/L group and the 0 mmol/L group was statistically significant ( P=0.026). 4.0 mmol/L was selected as the optimal concentration to intervene the cells. The expression levels of GPX4 in the time gradient (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 h) cells were 11.73±1.29, 11.68±1.32, 11.72±1.30, 10.97±1.28, 10.63±1.21, 8.79±1.10, 8.03±1.06. The expression difference of GPX4 between the 24h intervention group and the 0h intervention group was statistically significant( P=0.090), so 24h was chosen as the optimal intervention time for calcium oxalate crystals. Compared with the NC group, the CaOx+ Erastin group had higher expression of ACSL4 (9.71±0.68 vs. 3.96±0.17, P<0.01); SLC7A11 (5.76±1.31 vs. 9.18±1.54, P=0.001) and GPX4 (3.61±0.25 vs. 9.26±0.13, P<0.01) the expression level decreased. Compared with the CaOx group, the CaOx+ Fer-1 group had higher protein expression levels of GPX4 (7.52±0.23 vs. 3.61±0.25, P<0.01), SLC7A11 (7.85±1.34 vs. 5.76±1.31, P=0.012), ACSL4 (5.84 ±0.62 vs. 9.71±0.68, P=0.002) protein expression was significantly decreased. Compared with CaOx group, CaOx+ Erastin group had significantly lower protein expression of GPX4 (2.71±0.18 vs. 3.61±0.25, P=0.001), SLC7A11 (3.82±1.60 vs. 5.75±1.31, P=0.017), ACSL4(11.15±0.44 vs.9.71±0.68, P<0.01) protein expression increased. The results of glutathione determination showed that compared with the NC group, the glutathione content in the CaOx group was significantly reduced [(53.38±3.53) mmol/L vs. (81.88±4.02) mmol/L, P<0.01]. Compared with the CaOx group, the CaOx+ Fer-1 group had significantly higher glutathione content [(68.26±4.55)mmol/L vs. (53.38±3.53)mmol/L, P=0.001]. Compared with the CaOx group, the glutathione content was decreased [(38.22±2.95)mmol/L vs.(53.38±3.53)mmol/L, P=0.01]. The results of DCFH-DA fluorescence staining showed that compared with the NC group (63.36±5.17 vs. 22.72±3.73, P<0.01), the CaOx group had a significantly higher fluorescence intensity, Compared with the CaOx group (45.32±4.33 vs. 63.36±5.17, P=0.002), the fluorescence intensity of cells in the CaOx+ Fer-1 group was significantly weakened, Compared with the CaOx group (82.38±6.25 vs.63.36±5.17, P=0.002), the fluorescence intensity of the cells in the CaOx+ Erastin group was significantly increased. The results of immunofluorescence showed that the CaOx group was significantly weakened compared with the NC group (31.63±2.86 vs. 50.36±4.23, P<0.01), and the CaOx+ Fer-1 group was significantly weakened compared with the CaOx group (39.89±3.35 vs. 31.63±2.86), P=0.038), the fluorescence intensity of cells in the CaOx+ Fer-1 group was significantly enhanced, the CaOx+ Erastin group was compared with the CaOx group (23.36±3.74 vs. 31.63±2.86, P=0.022), the cell fluorescence in the CaOx+ Erastin group was The intensity is significantly reduced. DAPI staining to calculate the damage ratio of each group of nuclei: NC group (2.85%), CaOx group (11.96%), CaOx+ Fer-1 group (8.76%), CaOx+ Erastin group (16.27%). Conclusion:CaOx crystals can induce ferroptosis in HK-2 cells by increasing the level of oxidative stress in HK-2 cells.