Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To explore the risk factors for developing chronic pulmonary heart disease in patients with pneumoconiosis.Methods The medical records of pneumoconiosis patients admitted to an occupational disease hospital in Sichuan Province between January 2012 and November 2021 were collected.Kaplan-Meier(K-M)method,or product-limit method,was used to plot the incidence curves of pulmonary heart disease in the pneumoconiosis patients.Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors associated with chronic pulmonary heart disease in patients with pneumoconiosis.Results A total of 885 pneumoconiosis patients were included in this study.The follow-up time was 12 to 115 months and the median follow-up time was 43 months.A total of 138 patients developed chronic pulmonary heart disease and the incidence density of pulmonary heart disease was 38.50/1000 person-years.Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of pneumoconiosis inpatients developing chronic pulmonary heart disease included the following,being 50 and older(hazard ratio[HR]=1.85,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.25-2.74),stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis(HR=2.43,95%CI:1.48-4.01),resting heart rate≥100 beats/min(HR=2.62,95%CI:1.63-4.21),the complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)(HR=4.52,95%CI:2.12-9.63),underweight(HR=2.40,95%CI:1.48-3.87),overweight and obesity(HR=0.54,95%CI:0.34-0.86),and triacylglycerol(TG)(HR=0.69,95%CI:0.49-0.99).Conclusion Old age,stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis,high resting heart rate,low BMI,and the complication of COPD are risk factors for chronic pulmonary heart disease in pneumoconiosis patients,while overweight and obesity and TG are protective factors.Early identification of the risk factors and the adoption of the corresponding prevention measures are the key to preventing chronic pulmonary heart disease in patients with pneumoconiosis.

Objective To compare volar plating and nonoperative treatment for senile comminuted fractures of the distal radius. Methods From October 2012 to June 2015, 46 senile comminuted fractures of the distal radius ( AO types B and C ) were treated surgically or conservatively. Twenty old patients were managed by open reduction and fixation with a volar locked plate. They were 7 men and 13 women, with an average age of 67. 9 ± 10. 7 years, including 7 cases of AO type 23-B and 13 cases of AO type 23-C. Twenty-six patients were managed with closed reduction and plaster cast. They were 8 men and 18 women, with an average age of 66. 2 ± 11. 5 years, including 10 cases of AO type 23-B and 16 cases of AO type 23-C. The 2 groups were compared in terms of follow-up time, union time and wrist functional scores and complica-tions. Results There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in follow-up time ( P > 0. 05 ) . Fractures in the 2 groups all united about 11 weeks after surgery. According to Dienst scoring for reduction, the volar plating group had 13 excellent cases, 4 good ones, 2 fair ones and one poor case, with an excellent to good rate of 85. 0％ while the nonoperative group had 5 excellent cases, 10 good ones, 5 fair ones and 6 poor ones, with an excellent to good rate of 57. 7％. A significant difference was shown between the 2 groups ( P <0. 05 ) . At final follow-ups, the volar plating group had significantly lower Gartland & Werley wrist functional score ( 2. 16 ± 1. 82 ) and complication rate ( 30. 0％, 6/20 ) than the nonoperative group [ 6. 62 ± 3. 78 and 53. 8％( 14/26 ) , respectively ] ( P <0. 05 ) . Conclusion In treatment of senile comminuted fractures of the distal radius, volar locked plating may lead to better functional recovery and fewer complications than nonoper-ative management. However, one should take full account of the physical condition and preference of the patient when surgery is chosen.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on endoplasmic reticulum stress during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in mice.Methods Thirty SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice,aged 8 weeks,were divided into 3 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (S group),intestinal I/R group (I/R group) and dexmedetomidine group (DEX group).The superior mesenteric artery was only isolated but not clamped in S group.The model of intestinal I/R injury was established by clamping superior mesenteric artery for 20 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion in I/R group and DEX group.Dexmedetomidine 25 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before ischemia in DEX group,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of dexmedetomidine in S group and I/R group.Mice were sacrificed at 24 h of reperfusion,and small intestinal tissues was obtained for examination of the pathological changes and ultrastructure of intestinal epithelial cells and for determination of cell apoptosis,expression of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP),transcription factors (ATF4),and X-4 box binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA (by real-time polymerase chain reaction),and expression of CHOP,Bcl-2,Bax and caspase-3 in intestinal tissues (by Western bolt).The apoptosis index (AI) and ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax were calculated.Intestinal damage was assessed and scored according to Chiu.Results Compared with S group,Chiu's score and AI were significantly increased,the expression of CHOP,ATF4 and XBP-1 mRNA,CHOP,Bax and caspase-3 was up-regulated,and the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated,and Bcl-2/Bax ratio was decreased in I/R group and DEX group (P＜0.05).Compared with I/R group,Chiu's score and AI were significantly decreased,the expression of CHOP,ATF4 and XBP-1 mRNA,CHOP,Bax and caspase-3 was down-regulated,and the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated,and Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased in DEX group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces intestinal I/R injury may be related to regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting cell apoptosis in mice.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen on the postoperative cognitive function in aged mice.Methods Sixty aged male Kunming mice,aged 12-14 months,weighing 35-45 g,were assigned into 3 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group Sham),partial hepatectomy group (group PH) and partial hepatectomy plus hydrogen-enriched saline group (group PH-H).On preoperative day 3,during operation and on postoperative day 3,hydrogen-enriched saline 10 ml/kg was intraperitoneally injected once a day in group PH-H,and the equal volume of normal saline was intraperitoneally injected once a day in S and PH groups.The spatial probe test was performed on postoperative day 7 to evaluate the cognitive function.Ten mice were selected on postoperative days 3 and 7 (after the end of the spatial probe test),and blood samples were collected for determination of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-lbeta (IL-1β) and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The animals were sacrificed after blood sampling,brains were removed and hippocampi were isolated for detection of the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and HMGB1 by Western blot.Results Compared with group S,the percentage of time of staying at the target quadrant and the number of crossing the platform within 1 min were significantly decreased,the serum concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β and HMGB1 were increased,and the expression of hippocampal TNF-α,IL-1β and HMGB1 was up-regulated in group PH (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the variables mentioned above in group PH-H (P＞0.05).Compared with group PH,the percentage of time of staying at the target quadrant and the number of crossing the platform within 1 min were significantly increased,the serum concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β and HMGB1 were decreased,and the expression of hippocampal TNF-α,IL-1β and HMGB1 was down-regulated in group PH-H (P＜0.05).Conclusion Hydrogen can improve the postoperative cognitive function in aged inice.

Objective To observe the effect of tendon-bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction through BFGF and PDGF.Methods Based of seventy two healthy matured New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACL reconstruction.Devide three groups through different methods,group BFGF,group PDGF,group normal.Results The maximum loads of group BFGF and PDGF after 2 and 5 weeks are higher than group normal,there was significant difference in maximum loads (P <0.05).The max stiffness of group BFGF and PDGF after 2 and 5 weeks are higher than group normal,there was significant difference in maximum loads(P <0.05).Conclusion The group BFGF and PDGF can promote tendon-bone healing by increasing the vascularization and blood vessels of the tendon-bone interface and vascular endothelial growth factor.In biomechanics,group BFGF and PDGF can pro-mote maximum loads、max stiffness and hardness of tendon-bone healing.

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of hyperlipidemia in the middle-aged and elderly in Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang population. Methods A total of 657 people of Hei Yi Zhuang nationality aged 40 years and over were surveyed. Blood pressure, body height, body weight, serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels were measured, and both body surface areas and body mass index were calculated. The results were compared with those in 520 people of Han nationality who also live in that district. Results The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperlipidemia in Hei Yi Zhuang vs. Han population were 28.9% vs. 35.8%(P0.05), and 36.2% vs. 42.3%(P0.05) respectively. Conclusions Prevalence of hyperlipidemia of Hei Yi Zhuang is lower than that of Han ethnic group, which might results from different dietary habit, life style, physical activity, and even genetic background.