This paper summarizes Professor LI Diangui's experience in treating vitiligo from the perspective of turbid toxins latent in the collaterals. Based on the theory of turbid-toxin， professor LI proposes that turbid toxins latent in the collaterals and qi-blood disharmony constitute the core pathogenesis of the onset and progression of the disease， and that resolving turbidity and removing toxins while harmonizing qi and blood should serve as the fundamental therapeutic principles. In clinical practice， treatment is tailored according to the evolution of the pathogenesis and syndrome differentiation. When stagnation of qi movement leads to the endogenous accumulation of turbid pathogens， treatment focuses on relieving constraint， dispersing turbidity， soothing the liver， and regulating qi， with a modified self-formulated Kaiyu Sanzhuo Decoction （开郁散浊汤）. When turbid pathogens overflow to the superficial tissues and obstruct the cutaneous collaterals， treatment aims to resolve blood stasis， disperse turbidity， regulate qi， and unblock the collaterals， using a modified self-formulated Tongluo Huazhuo Decoction （通络化浊汤）. When deficiency of healthy qi allows toxins to remain latent and the disease becomes prolonged， treatment emphasizes reinforcing healthy qi， eliminating turbidity， tonifying qi， and nourishing blood， with a modified self-formulated Fuzheng Quzhuo Decoction （扶正祛浊汤）.

AIM: To analyze the reasons and clinical outcomes of intraocular lens(IOL)exchange.METHODS:This retrospective case series study included 47 patients(53 eyes)who underwent IOL exchange surgery at the Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, between April 2020 and May 2024, aged from 5 to 87(44.8±3.6)years old. Patients' demographics, surgical indications, surgical techniques, preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), as well as postoperative complications were recorded.RESULTS:The reasons for IOL exchange included refractive error(18 cases, 23 eyes, 43%), IOL dislocation(12 cases, 13 eyes, 25%), IOL opacification(12 cases, 12 eyes, 23%), neuroadaptation failure(3 cases, 3 eyes, 6%), and patient dissatisfaction with visual quality(2 cases, 2 eyes, 4%). The surgical techniques for IOL exchange included in-the-bag IOL fixation(16 eyes, 30%), ciliary sulcus fixation(27 eyes, 51%), and scleral suture fixation(10 eyes, 19%). There was statistical significant difference between preoperative UCVA(LogMAR)and UCVA(LogMAR)at 1 d postoperatively(1.03±0.64 vs 0.50±0.46, P<0.05), and there was statistical significant difference between preoperative BCVA(LogMAR)and BCVA(LogMAR)at 1 mo postoperatively(0.41±0.37 vs 0.17±0.21, P<0.05). Postoperative complications included posterior capsule opacification in 2 eyes and IOL dislocation in 1 eye.CONCLUSION:Refractive error, IOL dislocation, and IOL opacification were the three most common reasons for IOL exchange. Although less frequent, factors such as neuroadaptation issues associated with multifocal IOLs and patient-reported visual quality dissatisfaction reflect growing expectations for improved visual outcomes. IOL exchange surgery, though technically challenging, demonstrates favorable clinical efficacy and a low complication rate, representing an effective intervention for managing postoperative IOL-related issues following cataract surgery.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.019.].

Objective To analyze the effects of tyrosinase on choroidal and retinal thickness and blood flow changes in guinea pigs,and to explore the role of tyrosinase in the development and progression of myopia.Methods A total of 30 three-week-old male tri-colored guinea pigs and 10 albino guinea pigs were selected and divided into four groups:control group(tri-colored hyperopic guinea pigs,with no intervention),albino group(albino myopic guinea pigs,with no inter-vention),myopia group(tri-colored myopic guinea pigs,with no intervention),and injection group[tri-colored hyperopic guinea pigs,injected with tyrosinase inhibitor(6 250 μg·L-1),100 μL per day].The experiment lasted for 4 weeks.The refractive status and axial length(AL)of the guinea pigs in each group were measured,along with ocular biometric param-eters related to axial length[anterior chamber depth,aqueous humor depth(AQD),central corneal thickness,lens diame-ter,vitreous chamber depth(VCD)].Optical coherence tomography was used to measure the retinal thickness,choroidal thickness(ChT),and choroidal blood perfusion(ChBP)in different regions of the guinea pigs.The tyrosinase activity in the vitreous and retina of guinea pigs in each group was measured.The expression levels of neurotransmitters in the vitre-ous and retina of guinea pigs in each group were detected.Results The differences in refractive status between the albi-no group and the control group at 0,2,and 4 weeks of the experiment were statistically significant(F=8.972,P＜0.05).At the 4th week of the experiment,the refractive status of the injection group was lower than that of the control group,and the AL was greater than that of the control group,with statistically significant differences(both P＜0.05).Further analysis of AL-related biometric parameters revealed that only AQD and VCD were associated with the changes in AL of guinea pigs in each group.At the 0th week of the experiment,the average retinal thickness of the control group was greater than that of the albino group,with a statistically significant difference(t=-9.007,P＜0.000 1).Moreover,the differences in reti-nal thickness in the outer retina across different directions and time points were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The differences in retinal thickness between the control and albino groups were mainly concentrated in the outer retina.The ChT of the albino group was less than that of the control group,with a significant difference between groups(F=4.809,P=0.030).The ChBP of the control group was significantly higher than that of the albino group at 0,2,and 4 weeks of the experiment(all P＜0.05).At the 4th week of the experiment,the tyrosinase activity in the vitreous of the injection,albi-no,and myopia groups was lower than that of the control group,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).The differences in neurotransmitters between the albino and control groups were mainly concentrated in the vitreous.In the retina,the ornithine level in the myopia group was higher than that in the albino and control groups,and the tryptophan levels in the myopia and control groups were higher than that in the albino group,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Tyrosinase plays a crucial role in the development of myopia,regulating the development of refractive status by influencing the physiological properties of the retina and choroid.

The amino acid sequences of the OmpA protein isolated from Escherichia coli QML2206-1(E.coli QML2206-1)in our laboratory were analyzed for homology with different strains of OmpA proteins using bioinformatics software,and the OmpA protein was analyzed for its physicochemical properties,transmembrane structure and signal peptide prediction,B-cell anti-genic epitope prediction,secondary and tertiary structure prediction.The OmpA gene fragment was ligated with pET-32a vector to construct a prokaryotic expression vector,which was purified by a nickel column affinity purification system after prokaryotic expression and optimization of ex-pression conditions in BL21(DE3).The purified recombinant protein was fully mixed with Freund's adjuvant to immunize mice,and the levels of mouse-specific IgG antibody and the expression levels of cytokines CD4,CD8 and IL-4 in mouse serum were detected by ELISA,and the immuno-protective effect was evaluated by mouse attack protection test.OmpA protein is a hydrophilic protein with no transmembrane structural domains and a secondary structure consisting mainly of irregular coils(47.98％)and α-helices(29.77％),with 12 antigenic epitopes that can bind to anti-bodies produced by B cells.The recombinant protein OmpA with a relative molecular mass of a-bout 55 kDa was successfully obtained by prokaryotic expression,and the highest expression was induced by IPTG concentration of 0.000 4 mmol/L for 6 h at 37 ℃.The serum-specific IgG anti-body potency of recombinant protein immunized mice was up to 1∶32 000;the expression levels of CD4,CD8 and IL-4 in the serum of immunized mice were elevated compared with those of the con-trol group.The survival rate of mice was 80％and 40％after attack with minimum lethal dose(MLD)and 2 times minimum lethal dose(2MLD),respectively.OmpA recombinant protein has good antigenicity and certain immunoprotective effects,and this study provides a technical basis for the next step in the development of a genetically engineered subunit vaccine against yak-appli-cable E.coli based on OmpA protein.

In recent years, the spread of clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae infection has seriously affected the yield and quality of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.. The cascade of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), a highly conserved signaling pathway, plays an important role in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. To mine the MAPK genes related to clubroot disease resistance in B. juncea, we conducted a genome-wide analysis on this vegetable, and we analyzed the phylogenetic evolution and gene structure of the MAPK gene family in mustard. The 66 BjuMAPK genes identified by screening the whole genome sequence of B. juncea were unevenly distributed on 17 chromosomes. At the genomic scale, tandem repeats led to an increase in the number of MAPK genes in B. juncea. It was found that members of the same subfamily had similar gene structures, and there were great differences among different subfamilies. These predicted cis-acting elements were related to plant hormones, stress resistance, and plant growth and development. The expression of BjuMAPK02, BjuMAPK15, BjuMAPK17, and BjuMAPK19 were down-regulated or up-regulated in response to P. brassicae infection. The above results lay a theoretical foundation for further studying the functions of BjuMAPK genes in B. juncea in response to the biotic stress caused by clubroot disease.
Mustard Plant/parasitology* ; Plasmodiophorida/pathogenicity* ; Plant Diseases/genetics* ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Disease Resistance/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genome, Plant ; Plant Proteins/genetics*

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an effective therapeutic strategy to delay aging in dogs, they are prone to aging and have poor genetic stability when cultured for a long time in vitro. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore a method to improve the anti-aging ability of MSCs. Previous studies have shown that sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) plays an important role in anti-aging. This study constructed MSCs with overexpressed SIRT6 gene. Through Giemsa staining and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, it was found that SIRT6 significantly enhances the anti-aging capacity of MSCs. Transmission electron microscopy imaging and the detection of oxidative stress-related indicators revealed that SIRT6 improves the anti-aging capacity of MSCs by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and reducing oxidative stress levels. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that SIRT6 mainly acted on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase and other aging and inflammation related pathways. In the establishment and verification of aging models in mice and dogs, it was found that the spatial memory ability of the model mice was significantly increased after intravenous transplantation of SIRT6 overexpression cells, the organ index was also significantly changed, and the anti-oxidative capacity of the dogs and mice blood was improved. The morphology of the spleens and livers in the SIRT6 overexpression cell treatment group could be effectively restored, and the expression levels of aging and inflammation-related proteins were significantly decreased. This study provides a new idea for the study of SIRT6-mediated anti-aging of MSCs.
Animals ; Dogs ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Sirtuins/genetics* ; Aging/physiology* ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation

In recent decades,the incidence of human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)has shown a marked increase.Significant changes have also occurred in the OPSCC diagnosis and treatment paradigm.Deter-mining HPV status prior to treatment is now essential,and radiotherapy/chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and minimally invasive surgical techniques have progressively emerged as key modalities for managing OPSCC.However,alongside these paradigm shifts,a comprehen-sive technical consensus guiding the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process for OPSCC patients is currently lacking.Given China's large population base and the rising incidence of OPSCC,an expert panel convened to develop a clinical technical consensus on OPSCC diagno-sis and management tailored to China's specific context.This consensus aims to further enhance and standardize understanding of OPSCC management techniques among relevant healthcare professionals.

In recent decades,the incidence of human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)has shown a marked increase.Significant changes have also occurred in the OPSCC diagnosis and treatment paradigm.Deter-mining HPV status prior to treatment is now essential,and radiotherapy/chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and minimally invasive surgical techniques have progressively emerged as key modalities for managing OPSCC.However,alongside these paradigm shifts,a comprehen-sive technical consensus guiding the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process for OPSCC patients is currently lacking.Given China's large population base and the rising incidence of OPSCC,an expert panel convened to develop a clinical technical consensus on OPSCC diagno-sis and management tailored to China's specific context.This consensus aims to further enhance and standardize understanding of OPSCC management techniques among relevant healthcare professionals.

Alopecia areata （AA） is a common hair loss disorder， and the core pathogenesis is the internal gene-ration of turbid toxin caused by qi movement disorder in the liver， spleen， and kidney. Turbid toxin serves as both a pivotal etiological trigger and a pathological driver of disease exacerbation. Clinically， AA can be classified into four principal patterns， including liver constraint with spleen deficiency， internal accumulation of damp-heat， liver-kidney depletion， and qi-blood depletion. Therapeutic strategies prioritize clearing and resolving turbid toxin while regulating the qi movement of the liver， spleen， and kidney. Accordingly， different formulas were applied. Self-formulated Shugan Jianpi Huazhuo Formula （疏肝健脾化浊方） is suggested to drain dampness， resolve turbidity， and unblock qi movement. Self-formulated Sanjiao Fenxiao Jiedu Formula （三焦分消解毒方） can be used to clear heat， drain dampness and resolve toxin. Self-formulated Zishen Yanggan Toudu Decoction （滋肾养肝透毒汤） can clear and vent latent toxins， while Self-formulated Guiqi Shengfa Didu Formula （归芪生发涤毒方） is employed to tonify qi and blood， purge toxins， and regenerate vitality. By differentiating and treating AA based on the functional patterns of the liver， spleen， and kidney， this approach expands the application scope of the turbid toxin theory and provides valuable insights for treatment of AA.