Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a clinically significant complication in elderly patients, largely driven by surgery-induced neuroinflammation. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway, a crucial regulator of innate immunity, has been implicated in neuroinflammatory activation. This study investigated whether electroacupuncture (EA) improves POCD by modulating this pathway in aged rats. Aged male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sevoflurane anesthesia and splenectomy to establish a POCD model. Animals were divided into sham, POCD, POCD+EA, and POCD+EA+cGAS inhibitor groups. The EA groups received stimulation at Baihui (Governor Vessel 20 (GV20)), Neiguan (Pericardium 6 (PC6)), and Zusanli (Stomach 36 (ST36)) acupoints. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze, while hippocampal expression of cGAS-STING pathway components and downstream effectors—interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)—was assessed by Western blot. Cellular localization was determined by immunofluorescence staining. Compared with the Sham group, rats in the POCD group showed significant impairments in spatial memory, accompanied by upregulated protein expression of cGAS, STING, NF-κB, IRF3, and IL-1β in the hippocampus. Upon pathway activation, cGAS and STING proteins were predominantly co-localized with neurons, and their fluorescence intensity in the hippocampus was markedly increased. These behavioral deficits and molecular alterations were partially reversed in both the POCD+EA and POCD+EA+inhibitor groups. Electroacupuncture alleviates POCD in aged rats by inhibiting hippocampal cGAS-STING pathway activation and reducing neuroinflammation, suggesting a promising non-pharmacological strategy for POCD management.

Objective To evaluate the impact of slow-freezing process on human ovarian tissue with the standard cryopreservation-thawing protocol of Fertility Protection Center of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Capital Medical University.Methods Ovarian tissues of 12 patients were divided into fresh ovarian tissue group(fresh group)and freezing-thawing ovarian tissue group(F-T group).The freezing-thawing protocol was the standard protocol in our center.The number and activity of follicle were examined with Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and calcein-AM(calcein acetoxymethylester)staining,and the proliferation and apoptosis was evaluated with the immunohistochemical staining of Ki-67 and caspase-3.The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins such as caspase-3,bax and FasL between the two groups were compared with Western blotting.Results There were no statistically significant differences in follicle counting and follicle activity in ovarian tissues pre-and post-freezing-thawing(P>0.05),and the positive rate of Ki-67 in ovarian tissues after freezing-thawing was significantly lower than that in fresh ovarian tissues(P<0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of caspase-3 between the two groups(P>0.05).The expression of caspase-3 protein in ovarian tissues after freezing-thawing was significantly higher than that in fresh ovarian tissues(P<0.05),while the expressions of other apoptosis-related proteins such as bax and FasL were not significantly different(P>0.05).Conclusion The standard cryopreservation-thawing regimen in our center can effectively maintain the follicle number,morphology,and activity in ovarian tissues.After freezing and thawing,the cell proliferation level is decreased.The expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as bax and FasL are not increased,and the expression of caspase-3 is relatively increased.These results suggest our freezing-thawing regimen is good for human ovarian tissue.

Female infertility is recognized as a global public health issue by the World Health Organization.Female fertility remodeling includes ovarian function reconstruction and uterus/endometrium reconstruction,etc.It is emerging as a hot technology since it is ready to prepare autologous platelet-rich concentrate and it is safer and more acceptable in autologous application.It plays an important role in regenerative medicine,and it is currently widely applied in maxillofacial and plastic surgery,dermatology and other clinical practices.This article mainly reviews the progresses of the application of autologous platelet-rich concentrate in female fertility remodeling.

Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)usually evades the inhibitory effect of the innate immunity factor type Ⅰ interferon(Ⅰ-IFN)when it infects human cells and tissues.The virus then causes a series of serious symptoms,such as spasticity,neurodegenerative lesions,neuroinflammation,and even death.Generally,JEV escapes innate immunity by inhibiting IFN-α/β production and the interferon Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway.Because of this special immune escape mechanism,various mouse infection models have been constructed for the study of the pathogenesis of and therapeutic regimens for JEV infections.In this review,based on an exposition of the IFN immune escape mechanism of JEV,we systematically introduce the concept of JEV-infected mouse models and analyze the characteristics of these models and the degree to which they simulate human symptoms.The intention is to develop various new JEV-infected mouse models based on potential new research targets and provide novel ideas for animal models for JEV research.

Jaws and alveolar defects present significant challenges in reconstructive surgery and implant restoration.Calcium phos-phate(CaP)bioceramics are commonly used as bone substitute and play a crucial role in repairing bone defects.Recent studies have shown that T cells play an important regulatory role in bone regeneration.The studies on CaP bioceramics and T cells,including their subpopulations,in bone regeneration,and the mechanisms through which CaP bioceramics regulate the behavior of T cells has been re-viewed.

Objective To explore the differences and similarities in the changes of pulp repair response after direct pulp capping with iRoot BP Plus and MTA.Methods A total of 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,namely iRoot BP Plus group,MTA group and blank control group.Dental pulp exposure and direct pulp capping was performed on both sides of maxillary first molars of each rat.Four rats were randomly selected and sacrificed from each group at 7,14,and 28 days postoperatively,and the specimens were taken for hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,and then each index was observed.Results ①From the perspective of dentin tubular formation quality,at 14 d and 28 d,there were statistical differences between iRoot BP Plus group and MTA group(P＜0.05),and iRoot BP Plus was significantly better than MTA in terms of quality of restorative dentin formation.②At 14 days after operation,iRoot BP Plus had a greater area of neodontinin than that in MTA group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Both iRoot BP Plus and MTA can promote the formation of restorative dentin bridges after direct pulp capping,and the formation quality is high.The long-term effects need to be further studied.

Objective:A preliminary trial is conducted to explore whether perioperative(preoperative,intraoperative,and postoperative)electroacupuncture is more effective than postoperative electroacupuncture in improving gastrointestinal function for colorectal cancer patients.Methods and analysis:The study proposes a randomized,parallel-controlled,single-center trial involving 30 colorectal cancer patients aged 18-79 requiring elective surgery.Participants are randomly assigned to two groups,with equal allocation,where one group receives perioperative electroacupuncture,and the other group receives postoperative electroacupuncture.The treatment duration spans from preoperative to postoperative 72 h,with a subsequent 28-day follow-up period.The primary outcome is the time of first postoperative defecation.The secondary outcomes include the recovery time of postoperative bowel sounds,time of the first flatus,dietary recovery,postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction frequency,quality of life scale,postoperative pain degree,time of the first ambulation,length of hospital stay,gastrointestinal hormone indicators,and adverse events.The coagulation function test,liver and renal function,and stool and blood routine serve as security biomarkers.The statistical analysis includes the t-test,rank-sum test,Chi-square test,and analysis of variance.A two-sided significance level is set at 5%.Discussion:This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of perioperative electroacupuncture for gastrointestinal function recovery following colorectal cancer surgery.The study's strengths include its randomized design,well-defined intervention periods,and multi-dimensional outcome assessment.Nevertheless,limitations,such as the small sample size and single-center setting,may affect external validity.The findings will guide protocol refinement and sample size estimation for future large-scale multi-center randomized controlled trials.

This research aimed to comprehensively understand the prevalence of mutation in drug-resistant molecular markers of imported Plasmodium vivax in Chongqing,the Pvmdr1,Pvdhps,Pvdhfr,Pvcrt-o and Pvk12 genes of Plasmodium vivax were systematically analyzed.Blood samples were collected from imported Plasmodium vivax-infected patients in Chongqing between 2011 and 2022.The Pvmdr1,Pvdhps,Pvdhfr,Pvcrt-o,and Pvk12 genes were amplified and then sequenced to precisely evaluate gene mutations.Bioinformatics methods were employed to conduct in depth analysis of the mutation prevalence.Regarding the Pvdhfr gene,mutations at codons 50,57,58,61,99,117,and 199 were detected in 2.9%,23.5%,76.4%,23.53%,2.9%,82.3%,and 5.88%of the samples,respectively.The double-mutant haplotype S58R/S117N was the most prevalent,accounting for 50%,followed by the quadruple-mutant haplotype F57L/S58R/T61M/S117T,which accounted for 11.76%.Among the four types of tandem-repeat variations of Pvdhfr,the wild-type was the most common,and the insertion type was a novel discovery in this study.For the Pvdhps gene,the prevalence among mutation genotypes was relatively low.The single-mutant genotype was dominant,constituting 27.03%.The prevalence of Pvmdr1 mutations at codons 958 and 1076 was 100%and 89.19%,respectively.Among the 37 successfully sequenced samples,K10 insertion was detected in only 8 cases(22.22%).Notably,no non-synonymous mutations of Pvk12 were identified in this study.The cases in this study were imported from various countries of origin.Novel tandem-repeat variation tyres of Pvdhfr and new mutation sites of Pvdhps were identifide,thus enriching the mutation information of imported Plasmodium vivax resistance molecular markers in China.

Objective To explore the effect of circ_0039411 on gastric cancer cells by regulating neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)through miR-423-5p/interleukin-8(IL-8).Methods We used quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)to detect the expression levels of circ_0039411 and miR-423-5p in gastric cancer cell lines(HGC-27,SNU-16 and AGS)and human gastric mucosa cell(GSE-1).We selected HGC-27 to establish a circ_0039411 low expression model,and set up Experimental group(transfected circ_0039411 siRNA)and Blank control group(transfected control siRNA).We selected the cell of Experimental group to establish a miR-423-5p low expression model,and set up inhibitor group(transfected miR-423-5p in-hibitor)and NC group(transfected empty).We used phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA)to induce the formation of NETs in vitro,and established a PMA group(induced by PMA)and a control group(not induced by PMA).We used Transwell chamber to construct a co-culture model of gastric cancer cells and neutrophils.We used CCK-8 to detect the activity of gastric cancer cells,scratch and Tran-swell to detect the migration and invasion ability of gastric cancer cells,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)to detect the expres-sion level of IL-8,and immunofluorescence to detect the formation of NETs.Results The expression levels of circ_0039411 and IL-8 in gastric cancer cells HGC-27,SNU-16 and AGS were higher than those of human gastric mucosa cells GSE-1,and the expression level of miR-423-5p was lower than that of GSE-1,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with the Blank control group,the activity,migration and invasion ability of cells and the secretion of IL-8 in the Experimental group were de-creased,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05),and the formation of NETs was reduced.Compared with NC group,the cell activity,migration and invasion ability and secreted IL-8 of inhibitor group were increased,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05),and the formation of NETs was promoted.Compared with the control group,the PMA group exhibited significantly higher activity,migration ability,and invasion ability in gastric cancer cells,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclu-sion circ_0039411 can promote the formation of NETs through the miR-423-5p/IL-8 axis,and further promote the migration and in-vasion ability of gastric cancer cells.

This study aims to understand the epidemic distribution characteristics,antimicrobial resistance,virulence genes,and biofilm adhesion ability of Enterococcus in yaks on the Tibetan plateau.Three hundred and forty-six fresh yak fecal samples and 311 milk samples were collected from four provinces on the Tibetan plateau(Xizang,Sichuan,Gansu,Qinghai),totaling 657 sam-ples.Bacterial isolation and identification were conducted,followed by 16S rDNA gene detection and the construction of a systematic evolutionary tree.The isolated strains were tested for antimi-crobial resistance and virulence genes using PCR,and sensitivity tests were performed using 18 types of antibiotics.The biofilm adhesion ability of the isolated bacteria was determined using an improved semi-quantitative crystal violet staining method.The results showed that the total isola-tion rate of Enterococcus was 32.27％,with Sichuan having the highest at 60.23％,followed by Gansu,Qinghai,and Tibet autonomous region at 42.70％,23.47％,and 18.31％respectively.In terms of sample types,the isolation rate in fecal samples was 36.71％,and in milk samples,it was 27.33％.Through PCR amplification,bands of approximately 1 400 bp were obtained,and 5 strains were selected for evolutionary analysis,forming a separate cluster.Among the 212 isolated strains,a high resistance to clindamycin,quinupristin-dalfopristin,linezolid,levofloxacin,and erythromycin was observed,with various resistance phenomena,accounting for 60.85％.Only 5 out of 12 resist-ant genes were detected,namely erm(B),tet(L),tet(O),tet(M),and ant(6)-Ia.All 13 virulence genes were detected in Enterococcus,with detection rates in the range of 5.19％to 95.76％,where cpd was 95.75％,gelE was 91.98％,efaA was 86.79％,asal was 86.32％,and the rest ranged from 5.19％to 55.66％.The fsr virulence gene was not detected in Enterococcus from milk sources.Among the isolated strains,3.30％showed medium adhesive ability,48.58％showed weak adhesive ability,and 48.11％showed no adhesive ability.The above research revealed the preva-lence of yak derived Enterococcus,the carrying status of resistance and virulence genes,and the correlation between biofilm phenotypes,laying the foundation for mastering research data on yak-derived Enterococcus in the Tibetan plateau.