Breast cancer patients in China tend to be diagnosed at a younger age, making fertility issues a significant clinical and societal challenge. Current evidence indicates that the fertility rate among breast cancer survivors is substantially lower than that of the general population of the same age. Both the disease itself and anti-tumor treatments-including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy-can adversely affect female fertility. Therefore, fertility considera-tions should be integrated into the comprehensive management of breast cancer from the time of diagnosis. Several guidelines and consensus statements have been established to direct fertility management in these patients. Clinical practice has achieved some success in fertility preservation through pharmacological, surgical, and assisted reproductive technologies, which help mitigate treatment-related damage to fertility. Nevertheless, further progress relies on multidisciplinary collaboration, particularly in addressing the ethical and legal aspects of fertility preservation. Recent advances in research on hereditary breast cancer, risk assessment, and preimplantation genetic testing for polygenic diseases offer new perspectives and directions for fertility management in breast cancer patients. This review systematically summarizes the current fertility status, existing management strategies, and cutting-edge research on healthy reproduction in breast cancer patients, with the aim of supporting the standardization of fertility management protocols.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a deadly condition of the aorta, carrying a significant risk of death upon rupture. Currently, there is a dearth of efficacious pharmaceutical interventions to impede the advancement of AAA and avert it from rupturing. Here, we investigated dihydromyricetin (DHM), one of the predominant bioactive flavonoids in Ampelopsis grossedentata (A. grossedentata), as a potential agent for inhibiting AAA. DHM effectively blocked the formation of AAA in angiotensin II-infused apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE^-/-) mice. A combination of network pharmacology and whole transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that DHM's anti-AAA action is linked to heme oxygenase (HO)-1 (Hmox-1 for the rodent gene) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Remarkably, DHM caused a robust rise (∼10-fold) of HO-1 protein expression in VSMCs, thereby suppressing VSMC inflammation and oxidative stress and preserving the VSMC contractile phenotype. Intriguingly, the therapeutic effect of DHM on AAA was largely abrogated by VSMC-specific Hmox1 knockdown in mice. Mechanistically, on one hand, DHM increased the transcription of Hmox-1 by triggering the nuclear translocation and activation of HIF-1α, but not nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). On the other hand, molecular docking, combined with cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and site mutant experiments revealed that DHM bonded to HO-1 at Lys243 and prevented its degradation, thereby resulting in considerable HO-1 buildup. In summary, our findings suggest that naturally derived DHM has the capacity to markedly enhance HO-1 expression in VSMCs, which may hold promise as a therapeutic strategy for AAA.

Objective To examine the precise function of influenza A virus target genes(IATGs)in malignancy. Methods Using multi-omics data from the TCGA and TCPA datasets,33 tumor types were evaluated for IATGs.IATG expression in cancer cells was analyzed using transcriptome analysis.Copy number variation(CNV)was assessed using GISTICS 2.0.Spearman's analysis was used to correlate mRNA expression with methylation levels.GSEA was used for the enrichment analysis.Pearson's correlation analysis was used to examine the association between IATG mRNA expression and IC50.The ImmuCellAI algorithm was used to calculate the infiltration scores of 24 immune cell types. Results In 13 solid tumors,IATG mRNA levels were atypically expressed.Except for UCS,UVM,KICH,PCPG,THCA,CHOL,LAMI,and MESO,most cancers contained somatic IATG mutations.The main types of CNVs in IATGs are heterozygous amplifications and deletions.In most tumors,IATG mRNA expression is adversely associated with methylation.RT-PCR demonstrated that EGFR,ANXA5,CACNA1C,CD209,UVRAG were upregulated and CLEC4M was downregulated in KIRC cell lines,consistent with the TCGA and GTEx data. Conclusion Genomic changes and clinical characteristics of IATGs were identified,which may offer fresh perspectives linking the influenza A virus to cancer.

ObjectiveMetabolomics was utilized to investigate the preventive effect of notoginseng total saponins（NTS） on aspirin（acetyl salicylic acid， ASA）-induced small bowel injury in rats. MethodFifty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal and model groups， NTS high-dose and low-dose groups（62.5， 31.25 mg·kg^-1）， and positive drug group（omeprazole 2.08 mg·kg^-1+rebamipide 31.25 mg·kg^-1）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， rats in other groups were given ASA enteric-coated pellets 10.41 mg·kg^-1 daily to establish a small intestine injury model. On this basis， each medication group was gavaged daily with the corresponding dose of drug， and the normal group and the model group were gavaged with an equal amount of drinking water. Changes in body mass and fecal characteristics of rats were recorded and scored during the period. After 14 weeks of administration， small intestinal tissues of each group were taken for hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining， scanning electron microscopy to observe the damage， and the apparent damage of small intestine was scored. Serum from rats in the normal group， the model group， and the NTS high-dose group was taken and analyzed for metabolomics by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）， and the data were processed by multivariate statistical analysis， the potential biomarkers were screened by variable importance in the projection（VIP） value≥1.0， fold change（FC）≥1.5 or ≤0.6 and t-test P<0.05， and pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites was performed in conjunction with Human Metabolome Database（HMDB） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）. ResultAfter 14 weeks of administration， the average body mass gain of the model group was lower than that of the normal group， and the NTS high-dose group was close to that of the normal group. Compared with the normal group， the fecal character score of rats in the model group was significantly increased（P<0.05）， and compared with the model group， the scores of the positive drug group and the NTS high-dose group were reduced， but the difference was not statistically significant. HE staining and scanning electron microscopy results showed that NTS could significantly improve ASA-induced small intestinal injury， compared with the normal group， the small bowel injury score of the model group was significantly increased（P<0.01）， compared with the model group， the small bowel injury scores of the NTS low and high dose groups were significantly reduced（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum metabolomics screened a total of 75 differential metabolites between the normal group and the model group， of which 55 were up-regulated and 20 were down-regulated， 76 differential metabolites between the model group and the NTS groups， of which 14 were up-regulated and 62 were down-regulated. NTS could modulate three differential metabolites（salicylic acid， 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid）， which were involved in 3 metabolic pathways， namely， the bile secretion， the biosynthesis of folic acid， and the biosynthesis of phenylalanine， tyrosine and tryptophan. ConclusionNTS can prevent ASA-induced small bowel injury， and the underlying mechanism may be related to the regulation of bile secretion and amino acid metabolic pathways in rats.

Objective:To investigate alterations in the glymphatic system of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) patients based on quantitative MRI, and its association with genetic information and motor dysfunction.Methods:The study was a cross-sectional study. This prospective study recruited 39 confirmed SCA3 patients (SCA3 group) and 40 matched healthy controls (HC group) who were seen at the Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University from May 2017 to June 2023. All subjects underwent cranial MRI scanning. Clinical assessments were conducted on all participants using the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) and the international cooperative ataxia rating scale (ICARS). The automatic segmentation and volume measurement of the choroid plexus based on Freesurfer 6.0; the perivascular interstitial space (PVS) was automatically segmented based on the deep-learning model VB-Net, and the volume of the PVS in each brain region was quantified after manual correction. Independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to analyze the changes in the class lymphatic system in the SCA3 group and the HC group. Pearson partial correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between CAG repeats, the glymphatic system, and motor dysfunction. Results:The standardized choroid plexus volume in the SCA3 group was (1.24±0.36)×10 3 mm 3, and that in the HC group was (0.96±0.34)×10 3 mm 3, with a statistically significant difference ( t=4.01, P<0.001). PVS volumes in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus, and brainstem regions in the SCA3 group were significantly higher than those of HC group ( P<0.05). Partial correlation analysis revealed that CAG repeats in SCA3 group were positively correlated with SARA, ICARS, and basal ganglia PVS volumes ( r=0.65, 0.58, 0.29; P=0.001, 0.001, 0.042). Cerebellar and temporal lobe PVS volumes were positively correlated with SARA ( r=0.59, 0.47; P=0.001, 0.003), and positively correlated with ICARS scores ( r=0.61, 0.40; P=0.001, 0.011). Choroid plexus volume was positively correlated with cerebellar and basal ganglia PVS volumes ( r=0.41, 0.31; P=0.009, 0.043). Conclusions:The glymphatic system of SCA3 patients have significant alteration and have association with CAG repeats and motor dysfunction.

Objective To construct and identify an overexpressing recombinant adenovirus vector carrying the mouse nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 6 (NLRP6) gene (NM_133 946.2). Methods The coding sequence of the mouse NLRP6 gene was synthesized, digested with enzymes, and inserted into the adenovirus vector (GL2003). The transformed cells were then cultured in strain DH-5α, transformants were selected, and after identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), samples were sent for sequencing and comparison. The expression of NLRP6 protein in the recombinant plasmid was validated using the Western blot. The recombinant adenovirus vector Ad-NLRP6 was obtained using the Admax packaging system, then transduced into HEK293 cells, amplified, purified, and the viral titer was determined afterwards. Results The successful integration of NLRP6 into the expression plasmid was confirmed through double enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. Concurrent detection of the FLAG-tagged protein indicated a significant increase in the expression level of NLRP6. Recombinant adenovirus carrying NLRP6 were packaged and produced, followed by infecting HEK293 cells with the virus. The cellular expression of green fluorescent protein in Ad-NLRP6 indicated successful infection. The virus was collected, amplified, purified, and the viral titer was determined to be 4×10¹⁰ PFU/mL. Conclusion The overexpression recombinant adenovirus vector carrying the mouse NLRP6 gene has been successfully constructed, providing an effective tool for further exploring the molecular function of NLRP6.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the pathological structure of incurable fibroproliferative lung diseases that are attributed to the repeated lung injury-caused failure of lung alveolar regeneration (LAR). Here, we report that repetitive lung damage results in a progressive accumulation of the transcriptional repressor SLUG in alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC2s). The abnormal increased SLUG inhibits AEC2s from self-renewal and differentiation into alveolar epithelial type I cells (AEC1s). We found that the elevated SLUG represses the expression of the phosphate transporter SLC34A2 in AEC2s, which reduces intracellular phosphate and represses the phosphorylation of JNK and P38 MAPK, two critical kinases supporting LAR, leading to LAR failure. TRIB3, a stress sensor, interacts with the E3 ligase MDM2 to suppress SLUG degradation in AEC2s by impeding MDM2-catalyzed SLUG ubiquitination. Targeting SLUG degradation by disturbing the TRIB3/MDM2 interaction using a new synthetic staple peptide restores LAR capacity and exhibits potent therapeutic efficacy against experimental PF. Our study reveals a mechanism of the TRIB3-MDM2-SLUG-SLC34A2 axis causing the LAR failure in PF, which confers a potential strategy for treating patients with fibroproliferative lung diseases.

Objective: To develop an approach for simultaneous detection of multi-mycotoxins in fresh fruits, so as to provide technical supports for mycotoxins surveillance in fresh fruits. Methods: Fresh fruits were collected from markets and homogenized. Then, 2 g of fresh fruits were added with 10 mL of 0.1% formic acid ( 99∶1, v/v ) in acetonitrile and wortexed for 10 min. Following extraction with 1 g of sodium chloride and 4 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, samples were centrifuged and 5 mL of the supernatant was cleaned up with 25 mg C18. Following centrifugation, the supernatant was dried under nitrogen. The residue was dissolved in 300 μL of methanol-acetonitrile mixture solution ( 1∶1, v/v ), and mixed evenly in 700 μL of the distilled water. Samples were then eluted in gradient series of 0.1% formic acid and 5 mmol ammonium formate and methanol-acetonitrile mixture solution ( 1∶1, v/v ). The 15 mycotoxins were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MS/MS ) with electrospray ion source (ESI+/ESI-) under multiple reaction monitoring. In addition, a matrix-matched standard curve was employed for quantitative analysis. Results: There was a good linear relationship for 15 mycotoxins at concentrations of 0.25 to 10 ng/mL ( R2>0.992 ), the LC-MS/MS method showed the detection limits of 0.1-1.0 μg/kg, the spiked recovery rates of 71.68%-117.50%, and the relative standard deviations ( RSDs ) of 0.01%-13.60%. The detection rate of mycotoxins was 27.09% in 203 fresh fruits sold in markets. Conclusions The optimized LC-MS/MS method can be used for simultaneous determination of multi-mycotoxins in fresh fruits.

Objective:Rapid assessment of the outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is an important clinical issue. In this study, an electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis method based on dynamic learning was proposed.Methods:A total of 203 patients with ACS after successful PCI were enrolled for prospective analysis at the Emergency Department of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from April 2019 to December 2020. All patients were divided into group without ≥70% postoperative stenosis ( n=72) and group with ≥ 70% postoperative stenosis ( n=131) according to the presence of 70% or more stenosis after PCI. The clinical data of ACS patients were collected and analyzed by χ2 test, t-test, or Mann-Whitney test. ECGs were recorded before and 2 h after PCI, and were dynamically analyzed to generate cardiodynamicsgram (CDG) using dynamic learning. In the group without ≥ 70% postoperative stenosis, the model and CDG index for evaluating myocardial ischemia were obtained by training support vector machine (SVM) using 10 times 10-fold cross-validation. Results:There was no significant difference in clinical data between the two groups. The prediction accuracy and sensitivity of the support vector machine model for myocardial ischemia in group without≥70% postoperative stenosis were 73.61%, and 84.72% respectively. CDG transformed from disorderly to regular after PCI, and CDG index decreased significantly ( P<0.001): 90.28% (65) patients in group without≥70% postoperative stenosis, and 79.39% (104) patients in group with≥70% postoperative stenosis had lower CDG indexes than before PCI. Conclusions:In this study, CDG obtained by dynamic learning can intuitively and effectively evaluate the changes of myocardial ischemia before and after PCI, which is helpful to assist clinicians to formulate the next treatment plan.