In recent years, the rising prevalence of obesity and its associated metabolic syndromes has emerged as a critical global public health concern. Sustained weight loss exceeding 10% of total body weight has been shown to ameliorate obesity-related comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hepatic steatosis. Recently, the potential of brown adipose tissue (BAT) to improve metabolism has garnered significant attention. However, evidence regarding weight loss therapies that promote BAT activation remains limited in preclinical models and is even scarcer in clinical studies, partly due to the paucity of appropriate BAT assessment techniques. This review aims to explore the potential impact of various weight loss therapies on BAT, with the goal of providing novel insights and strategies for the treatment of obesity.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of a nomogram model developed by integrating clinical and ultrasound multiparameters for HER-2-positive breast cancer.Methods This study retrospectively enrolled 343 patients with pathologically confirmed breast cancer from three medical centers and randomly divided them into training and validation cohorts.Univariate analysis,LASSO regression,and multivariate logistic regres-sion were conducted on the training set to identify independent prognostic factors and construct a nomogram model.Bootstrap resampling with 1000 iterations was performed to evaluate the model's robustness.Model calibration was assessed using calibration curves and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were generated to evaluate model discrimination,and the area under the curve(AUC)along with other performance metrics were calculated.Decision curve analysis was employed to assess the clinical utility of the model,and the validation cohort was used for external validation.Results Univariate,LASSO,and multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that age,TTP(time to peak),and the presence of a filling defect sign were independent predictors of HER-2-positive breast cancer(all P<0.05).Based on these independent predictors,a nomogram model was constructed.Bootstrap validation with 1,000 resamples indicated that the model's predictive performance was stable.The Hosmer-Lemeshow test confirmed satisfactory model calibration,while the calibration curve illustrated accurate prediction probabilities.The area under the curve(AUC)for the training set was 0.863(95%CI:0.806～0.920),and for the validation set,it was 0.846(95%CI:0.764～0.929),indicating strong discriminative and generalization capabilities.Additionally,the clinical decision curve analysis demonstrated favor-able clinical utility.Conclusion A nomogram model integrating clinical and multimodal ultrasound parameters demonstrates potential utility in predicting HER-2-positive breast cancer.

Objective To explore the efficacy and the impact on the periodontal microenvironment of photodynamic therapy(PDT)combined with subgingival glycine powder air polishing(SubGPAP)for patients with stage Ⅲ periodontitis on residual periodontal pockets.Methods Forty patients who visited the Department of Periodontology at our hospital with stage Ⅲ periodontitis were selected.After 4-6 weeks of initial treatment,the residual periodontal pockets of＞4 mm depth with bleeding on probing,or ≥6 mm depth were randomly assigned in a split-mouth design,to receive subgingival scaling and root planning(SRP)(control group)or PDT+SubGPAP+SRP(test group).Indicators including probing depth(PD),clinical attachment loss(CAL),bleeding index(BI),plaque index(PLI),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)at baseline,6 weeks and 3 months after treatment were measured and compared.Results The clinical indicators showed significant reductions in both groups at 6 weeks and 3 months compared with those at baseline(P＜0.05).The TNF-α in test group showed no significant differ-ence at 3 months compared with 6 weeks(P＞0.05),while the other indicators in both groups showed significant reductions at 3 months compared with those at 6 weeks(P＜0.05).The PD,CAL,BI,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in test group showed a significant reduction than those in the control group at 6 weeks and 3 months(P＜0.05).The PLI in test group showed a significant reduction at 6 weeks(P＜0.05).Conclusion PDT combined with SubGPAP assisted SRP for patients with stage Ⅲ periodontitis on residual periodontal pockets is conducive to enhancing the clinical efficacy and improving the microenvironment.

Objective To explore the effect of frequency-modulated temporal interference electrical fields stimulation(TIs)on muscle strength and neuromuscular recruitment ability.Methods Sixteen healthy adult participants completed two testing sessions,with an interval of no less than 48 hours be-tween them.The only difference between them was the intervention of real TIs versus sham stimula-tion.The stimulation targeted the left primary motor cortex.During the test,the 3-second maximal vol-untary contraction(3 s MVC)of the first dorsal interosseous(FDI)muscle and the 20-second one(20 s MVC)in the right hand were recorded.Meanwhile,the surface electromyography(sEMG)sig-nals were recorded during the 20 s MVC and analyzed using sEMG decomposition techniques.Results A significant interaction effect was observed in peak muscle force during the 3 s MVC(P<0.05).Com-pared to baseline,real TIs significantly increased peak force,whereas the sham stimulation resulted in a decrease.Moreover,a significant interaction was also found in the peak EMG amplitude during the 20 s MVC(P<0.05),with peak EMG amplitude increasing after real TIs but decreasing after sham stimulation.Conclusion Frequency-modulated TIs effectively enhances peak muscle strength dur-ing the 3 s MVC and increases motor unit synchronization firing during the 20 s MVC.Therefore,TIs has potential for improving neuromuscular performance.

Objective To conduct a multidimensional and multi-level evaluation of the comprehensive clinical value of empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Based on the National Essential Medicines List(2018 Edition),dapagliflozin was selected as the control.A comprehensive clinical evaluation index system was established through literature review,focus group interviews and in-depth expert interviews,encompassing six dimensions:safety,efficacy,economy,suitability,innovation,and accessibility.The Delphi method and hierarchical direct weighting method were used to screen indicators and determine their weights.Evidence for each indicator was collected and integrated both qualitatively and quantitatively through literature research,real-world studies,and pharmacoeconomic evaluations.Experts scored the indicators based on the collected evidence,and a total score for the comprehensive clinical evaluation of empagliflozin was calculated by combining these scores with indicator weights,followed by a comparative analysis with dapagliflozin.Results A comprehensive clinical evaluation of empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus was successfully established,consisting of 6 primary indicators,14 secondary indicators,and 41 tertiary indicators.The overall evaluation score for empagliflozin was 90.35,and 89.47 for dapagliflozin.Conclusion The comprehensive clinical value of empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is slightly higher than that of dapagliflozin.This finding can serve as a reference for rational clinical drug use and related decision-making.

Objective:To evaluate the perceived level of home exercise behavior in elderly patients with ovarian cancer and analyze its influencing factors, so as to promote home exercise behavior of patients and improve the quality of life.Methods:A total of 227 elderly patients with ovarian cancer from January 1, 2021 to October 1, 2023 in the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University were selected by convenience sampling method. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by General Information Questionnaire, Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) and Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI). The influencing factors on the perceived level of home exercise behavior in elderly patients with ovarian cancer were analyzed.Results:There were 227 elderly female patients with ovarian cancer, including 151 patients aged<70 years old and 76 patients aged ≥70 years old. The scores of EBBS, SSRS, GSES, BFI were (123.37±11.02), (37.68±7.44), (29.35±6.54), (5.82±2.01) points. The perception of exercise behavior was positively correlated with general self-efficacy and social support ( r=0.752, 0.901, both P<0.01), was negatively correlated with cancer-related fatigue ( r=-0.198, P<0.01). The results showed that general self-efficacy, social support, age≥70 years old, no spouse, not being informed of the benefits of exercise,fatigue due to moderate and severe cancer, duration of disease ≥12 months were the influencing factors ( t values were -4.56 - 4.46, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Elderly patients with ovarian cancer need to improve their perception level of home exercise behavior. In the formulation of home exercise behavior for elderly patients with ovarian cancer, education and cognition on the perceived benefits of home exercise behavior should be strengthened, and patients′ physical and mental status should be evaluated before exercise to actively reduce cancer-related fatigue. At the same time, the combination of family support can improve the perceived level of exercise behavior of elderly patients with ovarian cancer at home, so as to promote home exercise behavior of patients.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),as the most common type of liver cancer,poses a significant threat to global public health due to its high incidence and mortality rates.This paper delves into the etiology,pathogenesis,and syndrome differentiation of liver cancer from the perspective of"dispersing qi and fortifying the body resistance",based on the clinical experience of renowned traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioner,Prof.Changquan Ling.Prof.Ling believes that the development of liver cancer is closely related to the disruption of liver qi flow,the accumulation of blood stasis over time,and the generation of toxin from long-term stagnation,accompanied by pathological changes such as imbalance of yin and yang,deficiency of the body's vital qi and accumulation of pathogenic factors,and internal blazing of cancer toxins.In terms of treatment,he emphasizes the principles of dispersing qi and fortifying the body resistance,addressing both the root cause and symptoms.This is achieved by regulating the functions of viscera,improving the stagnation of qi flow,and supplemented by methods such as clearing heat and detoxifying,and softening and dispersing hard masses,aiming to break the vicious cycle of qi stagnation,deficiency of vital qi,and pathogenic factor generation,thereby promoting the recovery from the disease.Through detailed analysis of clinical cases,this paper demonstrates Prof.Ling's unique insights and significant efficacy in treating liver cancer through"dispersing qi"to"fortify the body resistance",ultimately achieving"tumor suppression".This provides new references and perspectives for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in TCM.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),as the most common type of liver cancer,poses a significant threat to global public health due to its high incidence and mortality rates.This paper delves into the etiology,pathogenesis,and syndrome differentiation of liver cancer from the perspective of"dispersing qi and fortifying the body resistance",based on the clinical experience of renowned traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioner,Prof.Changquan Ling.Prof.Ling believes that the development of liver cancer is closely related to the disruption of liver qi flow,the accumulation of blood stasis over time,and the generation of toxin from long-term stagnation,accompanied by pathological changes such as imbalance of yin and yang,deficiency of the body's vital qi and accumulation of pathogenic factors,and internal blazing of cancer toxins.In terms of treatment,he emphasizes the principles of dispersing qi and fortifying the body resistance,addressing both the root cause and symptoms.This is achieved by regulating the functions of viscera,improving the stagnation of qi flow,and supplemented by methods such as clearing heat and detoxifying,and softening and dispersing hard masses,aiming to break the vicious cycle of qi stagnation,deficiency of vital qi,and pathogenic factor generation,thereby promoting the recovery from the disease.Through detailed analysis of clinical cases,this paper demonstrates Prof.Ling's unique insights and significant efficacy in treating liver cancer through"dispersing qi"to"fortify the body resistance",ultimately achieving"tumor suppression".This provides new references and perspectives for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in TCM.

Objective To explore the efficacy and the impact on the periodontal microenvironment of photodynamic therapy(PDT)combined with subgingival glycine powder air polishing(SubGPAP)for patients with stage Ⅲ periodontitis on residual periodontal pockets.Methods Forty patients who visited the Department of Periodontology at our hospital with stage Ⅲ periodontitis were selected.After 4-6 weeks of initial treatment,the residual periodontal pockets of＞4 mm depth with bleeding on probing,or ≥6 mm depth were randomly assigned in a split-mouth design,to receive subgingival scaling and root planning(SRP)(control group)or PDT+SubGPAP+SRP(test group).Indicators including probing depth(PD),clinical attachment loss(CAL),bleeding index(BI),plaque index(PLI),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)at baseline,6 weeks and 3 months after treatment were measured and compared.Results The clinical indicators showed significant reductions in both groups at 6 weeks and 3 months compared with those at baseline(P＜0.05).The TNF-α in test group showed no significant differ-ence at 3 months compared with 6 weeks(P＞0.05),while the other indicators in both groups showed significant reductions at 3 months compared with those at 6 weeks(P＜0.05).The PD,CAL,BI,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in test group showed a significant reduction than those in the control group at 6 weeks and 3 months(P＜0.05).The PLI in test group showed a significant reduction at 6 weeks(P＜0.05).Conclusion PDT combined with SubGPAP assisted SRP for patients with stage Ⅲ periodontitis on residual periodontal pockets is conducive to enhancing the clinical efficacy and improving the microenvironment.

Objective To explore the effect of frequency-modulated temporal interference electrical fields stimulation(TIs)on muscle strength and neuromuscular recruitment ability.Methods Sixteen healthy adult participants completed two testing sessions,with an interval of no less than 48 hours be-tween them.The only difference between them was the intervention of real TIs versus sham stimula-tion.The stimulation targeted the left primary motor cortex.During the test,the 3-second maximal vol-untary contraction(3 s MVC)of the first dorsal interosseous(FDI)muscle and the 20-second one(20 s MVC)in the right hand were recorded.Meanwhile,the surface electromyography(sEMG)sig-nals were recorded during the 20 s MVC and analyzed using sEMG decomposition techniques.Results A significant interaction effect was observed in peak muscle force during the 3 s MVC(P<0.05).Com-pared to baseline,real TIs significantly increased peak force,whereas the sham stimulation resulted in a decrease.Moreover,a significant interaction was also found in the peak EMG amplitude during the 20 s MVC(P<0.05),with peak EMG amplitude increasing after real TIs but decreasing after sham stimulation.Conclusion Frequency-modulated TIs effectively enhances peak muscle strength dur-ing the 3 s MVC and increases motor unit synchronization firing during the 20 s MVC.Therefore,TIs has potential for improving neuromuscular performance.