ObjectiveTo evaluate the pregnancy outcomes of assisted reproductive technology （ART） in women with a history of thyroid cancer who retained fertility intentions after completing cancer treatment. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 61 patients with a history of thyroid cancer who underwent in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm microinjection and embryo transfer （IVF/ICSI-ET）. These patients were included as the case group. A total of 122 non-cancer patients who received ART during the same period were selected as the control group using 1∶2 matching based on age and oocyte retrieval time. Baseline characteristics， outcomes of the first ART cycle， and cumulative pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. ResultsThere was no significant difference in the basic data， the total amount of gonadotropin （Gn） and the days of use between the case group and the control group （P>0.05）. However， the case group had significantly fewer retrieved oocytes， mature oocytes （MII）， lower fertilization and cleavage rates， and fewer transferable and high-quality embryos， as well as fewer embryos transferred during the first cycle （P < 0.05）. However， there was no significant difference in the rate of first embryo implantation and first clinical pregnancy between the two groups （P>0.05）. In the analysis of cumulative outcomes， the two groups did not show statistically significant differences in the cumulative pregnancy rate， clinical pregnancy rate per transfer cycle， the number of oocyte retrieval cycles required per live birth， the number of embryo transfer cycles required per live birth， and the number of embryos used for each live birth （P>0.05）. However， the cumulative live birth rate was significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group （P=0.005）. ConclusionAfter treatment for thyroid cancer， when ART is used to help pregnant women， the pregnancy outcome is comparable to that of women without tumors. Individualized reproductive management and timely fertility preservation strategies are recommended to optimize reproductive outcomes in this population.

Both cathartic colon （CC） and cathartic-dependent constipation （CDC） are caused by the abuse of stimulant laxatives， while their concepts are not completely the same.Starting from the disease name of CC， this article traced the origin and evolution of the concept of CC， summarizes and compared the similarities and differences between CC， CDC， and slow transit constipation （STC）， and called for strict differentiation among the three.Furthermore， this article explored the specific contents of Western medicine clinical subtypes and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome differentiation of CDC and delved into the TCM pathogenesis of CDC according to both literature and clinical practice.The relationship between clinical subtypes and TCM syndromes was established， and the syndrome characteristics of CDC of different clinical subtypes and TCM syndromes were summarized.The recommended prescriptions for corresponding syndromes were listed.A systematic CDC diagnosis and treatment approach of "clinical subtypes-syndrome differentiation-syndrome characteristics-recommended prescriptions" was thus formed.Additionally， the paper provides an overview of current research on CDC in both Western medicine and TCM contexts， identifies future research directions， and suggests research pathways for refining and advancing CDC studies.

Functional constipation （FC） is a clinically common functional bowel disorder characterized by a protracted course and associations with various chronic disorders and psychological abnormalities. Although not life-threatening， FC significantly impairs patients' quality of life. FC subtypes include slow-transit constipation （STC）， defecatory disorder （DD）， and normal-transit constipation （NTC）. The pathological mechanisms underlying FC have not been fully elucidated， and overall clinical efficacy remains unsatisfactory. Animal models of FC serve as essential tools for the study of disease mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutics. This article systematically reviews the current state of research on the animal models of FC and identifies that rodents， particularly rats and mice， are the most commonly used species. Dogs and pigs are also employed in complex intervention studies due to their physiological similarities to humans， though their use is limited by housing challenges and ethical considerations. Induction methods vary across different FC subtypes. STC models are primarily established with chemical agents such as loperamide or compound diphenoxylate. DD modeling often involves low-fiber diets combined with methylene blue injection or rectal narrowing. NTC modeling mainly relies on low-fiber dietary interventions. In addition， disease-syndrome combination models based on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory have been developed， encompassing excess patterns such as heat accumulation， cold accumulation， and Qi stagnation， as well as deficiency patterns including Qi deficiency， blood deficiency， Yin deficiency， and Yang deficiency. These are achieved through an approach of disease model + syndrome induction， enabling the integration of mechanisms from both Western and TCM perspectives. Models are evaluated from two aspects： disease and syndrome manifestations （e.g.， colonic transit， secretory function， and TCM syndrome indicators such as mental state and body weight） and disease mechanisms （e.g.， enteric nervous system， interstitial cells of Cajal， smooth muscle cells， gut microbiota， and metabolites）. However， current research still faces challenges such as poor consistency in some models， non-specific interference in mechanism interpretation， insufficient studies on NTC， and lack of TCM tongue and pulse diagnosis in evaluation. Future efforts should focus on optimizing model stability and specificity to provide a more reliable experimental basis for investigating the pathological mechanisms of FC and developing therapeutic agents.

In recent decades, the prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout has increased dramatically due to lifestyle changes. The drugs currently recommended for hyperuricemia are associated with adverse reactions that limit their clinical use. In this study, we report that berberine (BBR) is an effective drug candidate for the treatment of hyperuricemia, with its mechanism potentially involving the modulation of gut microbiota and its metabolite, succinic acid. BBR has demonstrated good therapeutic effects in both acute and chronic animal models of hyperuricemia. In a clinical trial, oral administration of BBR for 6 months reduced blood uric acid levels in 22 participants by modulating the gut microbiota, which led to an increase in the abundance of Bacteroides and a decrease in Clostridium sensu stricto_1. Furthermore, Bacteroides fragilis was transplanted into ICR mice, and the results showed that Bacteroides fragilis exerted a therapeutic effect on uric acid similar to that of BBR. Notably, succinic acid, a metabolite of Bacteroides, significantly reduced uric acid levels. Subsequent cell and animal experiments revealed that the intestinal metabolite, succinic acid, regulated the upstream uric acid synthesis pathway in the liver by inhibiting adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2 (AMPD2), an enzyme responsible for converting adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to inosine monophosphate (IMP). This inhibition resulted in a decrease in IMP levels and an increase in phosphate levels. The reduction in IMP led to a decreased downstream production of hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid. BBR also demonstrated excellent renoprotective effects, improving nephropathy associated with hyperuricemia. In summary, BBR has the potential to be an effective treatment for hyperuricemia through the gut-liver axis.

Objective: To investigate the regional differences in the incidence of urothelial carcinoma among kidney transplant recipients between northern and southern China，so as to provide reference for early diagnosis of this disease. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases，including CNKI，Wanfang，CBM，and PubMed，using the keywords “kidney transplantation” and “tumor” to collect clinical data from qualified kidney transplant centers.The latest and most complete literature data published by 17 transplant centers in northern China and 14 in southern China were included.Statistical analyses were performed to compare the incidence of post-transplant urothelial carcinoma and non-urothelial malignancies. Results: A total of 37 475 kidney transplant recipients were included，among whom 837 (2.23%) developed post-transplant malignancies，including urothelial carcinoma (366/837，43.73%)，non-urothelial carcinoma (444/837，53.05%)，and malignancies with unspecified pathology (27/837，3.23%).The incidence of malignancies was significantly higher in northern China than in southern China [(2.82±1.39)% vs. (1.67±0.83)%，P=0.011]，with a particularly pronounced difference in the incidence of urothelial carcinoma [(1.68±1.12)% vs. (0.32±0.32)%，P<0.001].No significant difference was observed in the incidence of non-urothelial carcinoma between the two regions [(1.11±0.56)% vs. (1.35±0.65)%，P=0.279].Additionally，female transplant recipients exhibited a higher incidence of malignancies than males in both regions (southern China：2.38% vs. 1.80%; northern China：8.93% vs. 2.52%). Conclusion: The incidence of urothelial carcinoma following kidney transplantation is significantly higher in northern China than in southern China，underscoring the importance of implementing regular tumor screening for kidney transplant recipients，particularly for female patients in northern China，to facilitate early diagnosis and timely intervention.

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and its receptor family members are involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes.Studies have shown that the IL-17 family may be closely related to the occurrence and development of interstitial cystitis/ bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS).This paper explores the relationship between the IL-17 family and IC/BPS, introduces the members and structures of the IL-17 family, their value in inflammatory diseases, and discusses in depth the IL-17 pathways in IC/BPS and the latest research progress.Research has found that the IL-17 family is upregulated in IC/BPS, related to the exacerbation of pathological inflammatory reactions, and responsible for maintaining the chronic inflammatory state of IC/BPS patients.In addition, IL-17 is also associated with neuroinflammation, pain, and other biological effects in IC/BPS.This review aims to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms underlying IC/BPS and to provide references for the development of new therapeutic strategies.

As green, sustainable, and environmentally friendly material processing processes using biological cells or enzymes to achieve substance conversion, bioprocesses play an increasingly important role in biomanufacturing. It is difficult to optimize bioprocesses because of the complex relationship at multiple levels and multiple scales. The knowledge of mesoscale behaviors is the key to understanding the dynamics of bioprocesses and to sort out the complex relationships of parameter variations in the spatial-temporal domain. Mesoscale numerical simulation paves a way for understanding these phenomena, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and mesoscale simulation offers new vitality into the optimization of bioprocesses. This article reviews the progress in mesoscale simulation and AI optimization of bioprocesses and discusses the possible development directions, aiming to promote the development of this field.
Artificial Intelligence ; Biotechnology/trends* ; Computer Simulation

Objective To prepare an advanced irrigation device equipped with a specialized nozzle designed to access the pericoronal blind sac of impacted wisdom teeth,and evaluate its efficacy in plaque removal.Methods 3D-printer was utilized to develop pericoronal models simulating mandibular wisdom teeth with high vertical impaction and varying soft tissue coverage(0%,25%,50%,and 75%,respectively)and personalized pericoronal irrigator.The obtained pericoronal models were randomly divided into 3 groups,treated with personalized precision pericoronal flushing,routine flushing and brushing,respectively,and,under a pressures of 45 psi or 75 psi(1 psi=6 894.76 Pa),were performed to clean the test surfaces of plaque-biofilm-obstructed wisdom teeth,respectively.Images of the tooth surfaces were analyzed before and after cleaning,and the cleaning rate was calculated using Python software.Results For wisdom teeth with 50%and 75%pericoronal soft tissue coverage,at a pressure of 45 psi,the precision pericoronal flushing group demonstrated significantly higher cleaning rate when compared to the brushing and routine flushing groups(P<0.05).At 0%and 25%pericoronal soft tissue coverage,the precision pericoronal flushing and brushing groups exhibited significantly higher cleaning rates than the routine flushing group(P<0.05).Furthermore,at 75 psi,the precision pericoronal flushing group achieved a significantly higher cleaning rate across all 4 levels of pericoronal soft tissue coverage than both the routine flushing and brushing groups(P<0.05).Notably,the precision pericoronal flushing group at 75 psi obtained significantly higher cleaning rate than at 45 psi across 0%,25%,and 50%pericoronal soft tissue coverage(P<0.05).Conclusion The precision pericoronal irrigation device demonstrates significantly superior cleaning efficacy for vertically impacted mandibular third molars compared to conventional irrigation devices and manual tooth brushing.It is an effective device for preventing and treating pericoronitis.

Background::Lymph node staging of prostate cancer (PCa) is important for planning and monitoring of treatment. 18F-prostate specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computerized tomography ( 18F-PSMA PET/CT) has several advantages over 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, but its diagnostic value requires further investigation. This meta-analysis focused on establishing the diagnostic utility of 18F-PSMA PET/CT for lymph node staging in medium/high-risk PCa. Methods::We searched the EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane library, and Web of Science databases from inception to October 1, 2022. Prostate cancer, 18F, lymph node, PSMA, and PET/CT were used as search terms and the language was limited to English. We additionally performed a manual search using the reference lists of key articles. Patients and study characteristics were extracted and the QUADAS-2 tool was employed to evaluate the quality of included studies. Sensitivity, specificity, the positive and negative likelihood ratio (PLR and NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), area under the curve (AUC), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of 18F-PSMA PET/CT. Stata 17 software was employed for calculation and statistical analyses. Results::A total of eight diagnostic tests including 734 individual samples and 6346 lymph nodes were included in this meta-analysis. At the patient level, the results of each consolidated summary were as follows: sensitivity of 0.57 (95% CI 0.39-0.73), specificity of 0.95 (95% CI 0.92-0.97), PLR of 11.2 (95% CI 6.6-19.0), NLR of 0.46 (95% CI 0.31-0.68), DOR of 25 (95% CI 11-54), and AUC of 0.94 (95% CI 0.92-0.96). At the lesion level, the results of each consolidated summary were as follows: sensitivity of 0.40 (95% CI 0.21-0.62), specificity of 0.99 (95% CI 0.95-1.00), PLR of 40.0 (95% CI 9.1-176.3), NLR of 0.61 (95% CI 0.42-0.87), DOR of 66 (95% CI 14-311), and AUC of 0.86 (95% CI 0.83-0.89).Conclusions::18F-PSMA PET/CT showed moderate sensitivity but high specificity in lymph node staging of medium/high-risk PCa. The diagnostic efficacy was almost equivalent to that reported for 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Registration::International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), No. CRD42023391101.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD),guide the selection of therapeutic drugs,and to explore the significance of potential tumor identification for IgG4-RD.Methods A total of 92 patients diagnosed with IgG4-RD and admitted to this hospital from January 1,2017 to December 31,2021were selected as the research subjects by using the Yidu Cloud system.The clinical data conducted the summary analysis. The clinical characteristics of IgG4-RD were summarized.Results The mean age of IgG4-RD was definitely diagnosed in the 92 patients was (58.1±11.3)years old,with 65 male ca-ses (70.7％) and 27 female cases (29.3％).The most commonly affected organ tissues were lymph nodes (37 cases,40.2％),pancreas (33 cases,35.9％) and salivary glands (31 cases,33.7％).In the patients woth the 92 patients,28 cases (30.4％) had involvement of a single organ tissue,while 32 cases (34.8％) had involvement of two or more organs.In the 92 patients,89 cases received steroid therapy,and 71 cases received immunosup-pressive therapy,in which 45 cases (63.4％) used cyclophosphamide.The initial treatment effective rate (72.7％ vs. 55.6％) and one-year non-recurrence rate (38.2％ vs. 20.0％) of the steroid combined immuno-suppressive therapy group were better than those of the single steroid group,but the differences were not sta-tistically significant (P>0.05).The proportion of the patients with tumor comorbidity and IgG4 level>40 g/L (18.2％) was significantly higher than that of the non-tumor comorbidity (1.2％),and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients with tumor comorbidity compared to the non-tumor comorbidity in other IgG4 level groups (P>0.05).Conclusion IgG4-RD is more common in middle-aged and elderly men,lymph nodes,pancreas and sal-ivary glands are commonly involved,and most patients have the double organs and multiple organs involve-ment. The combination use of hormone and immunosuppressant in treatment is recommended .The IgG4 lev-el>40 g/L in the patients with IgG4-RD may has the suggestive significance for complicating tumor.