OBJECTIVE: To analyze the differences in the effects of different mechanical stimuli on cells, cytokines, and proteins in synovial fluid of osteoarthritis joints, and to elucidate the indirect mechanism by which mechanical signals remodel the synovial fluid microenvironment through tissue cells. METHODS: Systematically integrate recent literature, focusing on the regulatory effects of different mechanical stimuli on the physicochemical properties of synovial fluid. Analyze the dynamic process by which mechanical stimuli regulate secretory and metabolic activities through tissue cells, thereby altering the physicochemical properties of cytokines and proteins. RESULTS: Appropriate mechanical stimuli activate mechanical signals in chondrocytes, macrophages, and synovial cells, thereby influencing cellular metabolic activities, including inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory factors and promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors, and regulating the expression of matrix and inflammation-related proteins such as cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, peptidoglycan recognition protein 4, and matrix metalloproteinases. CONCLUSION Mechanical stimuli act on tissue cells, indirectly reshaping the synovial fluid microenvironment through metabolic activities, thereby regulating the pathological process of osteoarthritis.
Humans ; Osteoarthritis/physiopathology* ; Synovial Fluid/chemistry* ; Chondrocytes/metabolism* ; Cytokines/metabolism* ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Stress, Mechanical ; Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein/metabolism* ; Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism* ; Synovial Membrane/cytology*

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of mpox epidemic in Guangzhou and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of the disease.Methods:Based on the mpox surveillance system in Guangzhou, suspected mpox cases with fever and rash were reported by local hospitals at all levels to centers for disease control and prevention in Guangzhou for sampling, investigation and diagnosis. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the clinical characteristics and treatment of the mpox cases and positive detection rate reported in Guangzhou as of 24:00 on June 23. Whole genome sequencing of the virus isolates was performed using Illumina Miniseq high-throughput sequencing platform.Results:The first mpox case in Guangzhou was reported on June 10 in 2023. As of 24:00 on June 23, a total of 25 confirmed mpox cases were reported. All the mpox cases were men with a M( Q1, Q3) of 32 (26, 36) years, the majority of the cases were MSM (96.0%). The main clinical features were rash (100.0%, 25/25), lymphadenectasis (100.0%, 25/25) and fever (52.0%, 13/25). Rash usually occurred near the genitals (88.0%, 22/25). The close contacts, mainly family members (40.4%, 23/57), showed no similar symptoms, such as fever or rash. The positive rate of mpox virus in household environment samples was 30.5%. The analyses on 3 complete gene sequences of mpox virus indicated that the strains belonged to West African type Ⅱb clade, B.1.3 lineage. Conclusions:Hidden transmission of mpox virus had occurred in MSM in Guangzhou. However, the size of affected population is relatively limited, and the possibility of wide spread of the virus is low.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of human rhinovirus (HRV) infection in hospitalized patients in emergency department. Methods: A total of 94 emergency patients admitted to the emergency department from November to December of 2018 were enrolled in this study. The rhinovirus infection and related risk factors were analyzed. Results: HRV infection occurred in 17 out of 94 hospitalized patients in emergency department, the infection rate was 18.09%; Multiple HRV serotypes were prevalent from November to December of 2018, which were A9, A10, A16, A31, A73, B42 and C3. Elderly patients are at high risk of rhinovirus infection; Rhinovirus infection may increase the course of inpatients. Conclusions From November to December of 2018, multiple serotypes of HRV infections in the emergency department of Bengbu, Anhui, and HRV easily infected elderly inpatients.

Objective To investigate the expressions of CD34, CD123 and CD38 in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and their clinical significances. Methods A total of 164 patients with AML in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from February 2014 to July 2015 were enrolled. Cellular immunophenotyping was performed by flow cytometry. According to the expressions of CD34, CD38 and CD123, 164 patients were divided into positive group and negative group, and the clinical data and immature cells ratio of two groups were compared. Results In 164 patients with AML, 102 cases (62.2 ％) were CD34 positive, 126 cases (76.8％) were CD123 positive, and 144 cases (88.3％) were CD38 positive. There were no significant differences in age and sex between the positive and negative groups (P> 0.05). But there were significant differences in the proportion of immature cells, white blood cell count and hemoglobin between the two groups (all P< 0.05). The expression rates of CD34, CD38 and CD123 were correlated with minimal residual disease and complete remission rate (all P< 0.05). Conclusions CD34, CD123 and CD38 are effective markers for AML detection. The expressions of CD34, CD123 and CD38 can be used as the judgment marker of cell maturity, which is conducive to the determination of the condition and prognosis of AML patients.

Low back pain has a serious impact on people's lives in t he world.With the approaching of aging society in China,the number of low back pain increased rapidly.Though many of the pathological factors in spine might lead to low back pain,Modic changes (MCs) was one of the most important factors.Therefore,to get familiar with MCs in the etiology and pathology has a positive practical significance.Although a large number of studies have analyzed the epidemiological and imaging characteristics of MCs,there are relatively few studies on the histological and pathological fields of MCs.In recent years,researchers have gradually shed some light on etiology of MCs and found that low toxic bacterial infection and autoimmune reaction may play a vital role in the development of MCs.The damage of vertebral body or endplate is closely related to the etiopathogenesis of MCs.In addition,to reveal the pathological characteristic of MCs is also a good attempt for better understanding of MCs.There are various imaging changes in MCs,however,what is the pathological basis behind it.It is also unclear that why different types of MCs are capable of transformation? When MCs occur,the activation of some cytokines (such as IL-6,RANKL,etc.) and certain receptors (TLR,PPARγ,etc.) can interfere with the formation and metabolism of the nearby bone marrow cells,break the balance of formation and absorption in trabecular beam and further change their microstructures through various pathways.During this dynamic balance process,the different types of MCs can be transformed into each other.The specific type may not only depend on the intensity and duration of inflammatory stimulus,but also rely on the composition and metabolic status of the bone marrow.Although the study of animal models has made some progress,some limitations still exist in practical course.Due to the unclear mechanism of MCs,the study on etiology and pathology of MCs may play a great important role in clarifying this issue.

Objective To find out the display rules of the key part of the proximal femur and fracture line and obtain the best viewing position and angle by placing the femoral neck at different positions and different angles through X-ray.Methods Six dry specimens of cadaveric femur were from Department of Anatomy,Tianjin Medical University.Three models of complete femoral neck model,tin line fracture model and steel saw fracture model were made respectively.The tin line fracture model was based on the Pauwells angle,using the tin wire(1mm) wrapped around the femoral necks to make three kinds of fracture models (Pauwells angle 30°,50° and 70°);steel saw fracture model was made by hacksaw,then reposition in situ,to make three kinds of fracture models same as the tin line fracture model.The projection manner included different positions and different angles,different projection positions include:parallel with the femoral shaft,perpendicular to the femoral shaft,parallel to the femoral neck and perpendicular to the femoral neck;different projection angles included:from 40°,30°,20°,15°,10° and 5° in the head side to 5°,10°,15 °,20 °,30 °and 40° in the foot side and vertical angle 0°.For the complete femoral neck model,we observed the imaging characteristics of the key parts of the femoral head and neck (tension trabecular bone and pressure trabecular bone;lesser trochanter;intertrochanteric line;length of neck of femur and femoral head shape),looking for the display rules,and obtained the best viewing position.For tin line fracture model and steel saw fracture model,we tried to find the best display angle and position by the different projection position and angle.Results The results of complete femoral neck model:Lesser trochanter:in perpendicular to the femoral shaft position showed the best,gradually increased with the foot side deflection;tension trabecular bone and pressure trabecular bone:in parallel with the femoral shaft position 10°on the head side;intertrochanteric line:no difference between parallel with the femoral shaft with perpendicular to the femoral shaft;Femoral neck shape:deflect to both sides,head of femur was out of shape.The results of tin line fracture model:the Pauwells angle 30° model showed the best position in parallel with the femoral shaft position 20° on the head side;the Pauwells angle 50° model showed the best position in parallel with the femoral shaft position 5° on the head side;the Pauwells angle 70° model showed the best position in parallel with the femoral shaft position 10° on the head side.The results of steel saw fracture model were the same with the tin line fracture model.Conclusion There was the best viewing angles and positions for the key anatomy of the proximal femur and different Pauwells angle classification of femoral neck fracture.The image doctor could make more accurate projection,according to the different types of femoral neck fracture.

Background:Dysregulation of microRNA expression is involved in the carcinogenesis of many tumors,expression of miR-504 has been observed in many tumors,but its expression in primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has not been reported. Aims:To explore the expression and clinical significance of miR-504 in HCC tissues and cells. Methods:Tumor and para-cancerous tissue in 85 HCC patients were collected. Five liver cancer cell lines and immortalized liver cell line were conventionally cultured. Effect of miR-504 expression on HepG2 cells proliferation was determined by CCK8 assay. The expression of miR-504 was determined by real time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Relationships between expression of miR-504 and clinicopathological features and prognosis of HCC patients were analyzed. Results:Compared with normal liver cells,expression of miR-504 was significantly downregulated in five liver cancer cells(P < 0. 05). Up-regulation of miR-504 inhibited proliferation of HepG2 cells,and down-regulation of miR-504 promoted proliferation of HepG2 cells. miR-504 expression in tumor tissue was significantly decreased than that in corresponding para-cancerous tissue. Expression of miR-504 was correlated with tumor differentiation(P = 0. 002),TNM stage(P = 0. 021),alpha fetoprotein(P = 0. 012)and portal vein tumor thrombus(P = 0. 003),but not with gender,age,tumor size and tumor number. Survival in HCC patients with lower miR-504 expression was significantly shorter than that in patients with high expression(P < 0. 05). Conclusions:Expression of miR-504 is downregulated in HCC,and is correlated with the prognosis of patients,suggesting that miR-504 can be used as an independent predictor for prognosis of HCC patients.

Objective To propose an optimal therapeutic scheme, finite element analysis was used to evaluate the biome?chanical status of femoral head under daily activities. Methods Non?necrotic femoral head volunteers (11 people) and necrotic femoral head patients (7 cases) were included in this study. All these participants were divided into two groups:control group and abnormal group. The DICOM imaging files of each participant were imported into ScanIP software to form a mask showing the prox?imal femurs. Then the finite element models of proximal femurs were progressively reconstructed. The generated models were im?ported into Abaqus, and the forces were added on these models to simulate daily activities, including standing, sitting, upstairs, and squatting etc. The loads and boundary conditions of digital daily activities simulation were collected from Orthoload database. All of the femoral finite element models were progressed in Abaqus under above activity conditions. After the models were pro?cessed, stress concentrating region was defined in each models respectively, which expressed the main bearing structure in each model based on the result of finite element analysis. At last, the elastic modulus (E?modulus) and strain of the stress concentrating region in each femoral model were extracted and calculated. Results There was no significant difference in age, weight, and height between these two groups. In control group, no significant differences of E?modulus (7 125±745 MPa on left, and 7 112±751 MPa on right) and strain (micro?strain:952 on left, and 954 on right)were found between their bilateral proximal femurs;however in abnormal group, the patients' E?modulus (5 798±1036 MPa on normal side, and 6 667±888 MPa on necrotic side) and strain (mi?cro?strain:1 261 on normal side, and 987 on necrotic side) of necrotic side were significantly lower than normal side. As to all the daily activities which were considered in this study, in abnormal group, the E?modulus among each postures of abnormal side were significantly lower than the E?modules of healthy side;the micro?strain in downstairs was also significantly lower than other pos?tures. Conclusion Daily activities with different intensity could generate different mechanical effects on femoral head, espe?cially on necrotic femoral head. The higher intensity of posture, the greater damage would be found in necrotic femoral head.

Objective To investigate the possibility of establishing a Modic changes (MCs) animal model,and explore the pathogenesis of MCs through imaging,histology and molecular biology experiments.Methods Fifty four New Zealand rabbits (weight 2.5-3.0 kg,half male and half female) were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham group (n=l8),muscle embedment group (n=18) and NP embedment group (n=18).In NP embedment group,the L4-5 and L5-6 discs were exposed by the lumbar anterolateral surgical approach.A 16 G needle was used to puncture the L5-6 vertebral body close to the epiphyseal plate.The depth of the drilling was approximately 3 mm.A 5 ml syringe was then put into the L4-5 intervertebral disc and extracted the NP,which was injected into the drilled hole of the vertebral body.The muscle embedment group and sham group shared the same operating procedures and drilling methods with the NP embedment group.Some pieces of muscle acquired from paraspinal muscles were put into the drilled hole in muscle embedment group,while nothing was put into the drilled hole in sham group.After that,the bleeding stopping,tissue washing and suture were done in all groups.12 weeks,16 weeks and 20 weeks after the surgery,MRI scan was applied to each group.All the specimens were tested by HE staining,real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot to observe the expression of inflammatory cytokines.Results After modeling for 12 weeks,16 weeks and 20 weeks,MRI showed low signal changes on T1WI and mixed high signal in the context of low signal changes on T2WI in the NP embedment group.However,the muscle embedment and sham group showed no significant signal changes.Gross observation and HE staining confirmed that there was abnormal tissue proliferation in the imbed site of the NP embedment group.RT-PCR and Western blot showed high expression of IL-4,IL-17 and IFN-γin the NP embedment group,which were positively correlated with the length of the postoperative period.There was no significant difference between the muscle embedment group and sham group.Conclusion The puncturing of vertebral body close to endplate and putting nucleus into it can create an animal model of MCs.Autoimmune factors may play an important role in MCs.

Objective To screen and validate differentially expressed microRNAs in human degenerative nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) and to predict their target genes,and to investigate the role of JNK pathway in degenerative intervertebral disc disease.Methods Eight degenerative nucleus pulposus tissues were harvested from 8 patients (6 males and 2 females) with lumbar degenerative disease,and three normal nucleus pulposus tissues were harvested from 3 patients (3 males) with lumbar fracture,intraoperatively.Differentially expressed microRNAs were screened by microRNA microarray analysis and validated by real-time qPCR.Target genes of highly expressed microRNAs were predicted by analyzing information from data bases:MicroCosm v5,TargetScan 5.1 and microRNA.org.Signal pathways associated with the target genes were analyzed,and qPCR was used to validate the screening results.Results Twenty differentially expressed microRNAs were identified.The microRNA-513a-5p and microRNA-494 were highly expressed in degenerative nucleus pulposus tissue,which was corresponding to the verification results,and the ratio was 2.222 2 and 2.948 5,respectively.Target genes of microRNA-513a-5p and microRNA-494 were MKK4 and JunD,respectively.MKK4 and JunD were both involved in JNK signaling pathway and located in upstream and downstream of this pathway,respectively.Conclusion In human degenerative nucleus pulposus cells,microRNA-513a-5p and microRNA-494 are highly expressed microRNAs,whose target genes are MKK4 and JunD,respectively.Both MKK4 and JunD are involved in JNK signaling pathway.These results indicate that JNK pathway may play important role in the pathogenesis of degenerative intervertebral disc disease.