To perform the phylogenetic characterization of an isolated porcine rotavirus(PoRV)and investigate its pathogenicity in suckling mice and piglets.A G4P[23]genotype PoRV strain JSJR2023 was successfully isolated from the diarrheic piglet feces through propagation in MA104 cells.The viral proliferation kinetics were analyzed using TCID50 assays,followed by complete genome sequencing through Sanger sequencing platforms.Comprehensive genotyping and phylogenetic reconstruction were conducted using MEGA7.0 with maximum likelihood algorithms.Pathogenicity was assessed in the following animal models:5-day-old C57BL/6 mice and 3-day-old piglets.Multidimensional evaluation included clinical monitoring(diarrhea scoring,growth parameters),virological detection,and histopathological analysis of intestinal tissues.The virus strain JSJR2023 could replicate efficiently in MA104 cells,achieving peak titers of 107.5 TCID50/mL.Whole genome genotype analysis showed that the strain belonged to G4-P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the VP3 and NSP4 genes of JSJR2023 strain were most closedrelated to human species rotaviruses,suggesting genetic reassortment between human and porcine RV strains.The animal experiments in suckling mice showed that the JSJR2023 strain infection caused diarrhea symptoms,intestinal edema and congestion,and shedding of intestinal villus epithelial cells.The pathogenicity experiments in piglets showed that compared with the control group,the challenged group of pig-lets had severe diarrhea symptoms,accompanied by reduced appetite and listlessness.Post-mortem examination revealed that the intes-tines were significantly thinner,congested,and filled with yellow watery contents.The challenged piglets showed typical pathological changes such as thinning of the intestinal wall and shortening and shedding of intestinal villi.In conclusion,this study successfully iso-lated a human-porcine recombinant G4P[23]PoRV strain and established the infection models in suckling mice and piglets,providing important tools for investigating the pathogenic mechanism of PoRV,evaluating vaccines and developing antiviral drug.

AIM:This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Carthamus tinctorius L.-derived nanovesicles(CDNVs)and their regulatory mechanisms in endothelial cell injury induced by oxidized low-density lipopro-tein(ox-LDL).METHODS:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were cultured in vitro and subjected to ox-LDL treatment to establish an endothelial cell injury model.The experimental groups included the normal control(NC)group,ox-LDL group(HUVECs treated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 24 h),and CDNVs+ox-LDL group(pre-treated with 40 mg/L CDNVs for 1 hour followed by co-culture with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 24 hours).Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by the EdU incorporation assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Changes in signal-induced proliferation-associ-ated 1-like protein 2(SIPA1L2)mRNA expression were measured by RT-qPCR,and the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins and SIPA1L2 were evaluated by Western blot.SIPA1L2 ubiquitination was evaluated by immunoprecipita-tion assay.RESULTS:(1)CDNVs were successfully isolated and purified,characterized as nanoscale vesicles with a circular shape and a double-layered membrane structure.(2)CDNVs promoted the proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of ox-LDL-treated HUVECs(P＜0.05).(3)CDNVs suppressed the prorein expression of SIPA1L2 and promoted autophagy in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs(P＜0.05).(4)CDNVs facilitated the ubiquitination of SIPA1L2 protein,and reduced its protein level through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:CDNVs exert a protective effect against ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury by mediating SIPA1L2 ubiquitination and promoting endothelial cell au-tophagy.

To perform the phylogenetic characterization of an isolated porcine rotavirus(PoRV)and investigate its pathogenicity in suckling mice and piglets.A G4P[23]genotype PoRV strain JSJR2023 was successfully isolated from the diarrheic piglet feces through propagation in MA104 cells.The viral proliferation kinetics were analyzed using TCID50 assays,followed by complete genome sequencing through Sanger sequencing platforms.Comprehensive genotyping and phylogenetic reconstruction were conducted using MEGA7.0 with maximum likelihood algorithms.Pathogenicity was assessed in the following animal models:5-day-old C57BL/6 mice and 3-day-old piglets.Multidimensional evaluation included clinical monitoring(diarrhea scoring,growth parameters),virological detection,and histopathological analysis of intestinal tissues.The virus strain JSJR2023 could replicate efficiently in MA104 cells,achieving peak titers of 107.5 TCID50/mL.Whole genome genotype analysis showed that the strain belonged to G4-P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the VP3 and NSP4 genes of JSJR2023 strain were most closedrelated to human species rotaviruses,suggesting genetic reassortment between human and porcine RV strains.The animal experiments in suckling mice showed that the JSJR2023 strain infection caused diarrhea symptoms,intestinal edema and congestion,and shedding of intestinal villus epithelial cells.The pathogenicity experiments in piglets showed that compared with the control group,the challenged group of pig-lets had severe diarrhea symptoms,accompanied by reduced appetite and listlessness.Post-mortem examination revealed that the intes-tines were significantly thinner,congested,and filled with yellow watery contents.The challenged piglets showed typical pathological changes such as thinning of the intestinal wall and shortening and shedding of intestinal villi.In conclusion,this study successfully iso-lated a human-porcine recombinant G4P[23]PoRV strain and established the infection models in suckling mice and piglets,providing important tools for investigating the pathogenic mechanism of PoRV,evaluating vaccines and developing antiviral drug.

AIM:This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Carthamus tinctorius L.-derived nanovesicles(CDNVs)and their regulatory mechanisms in endothelial cell injury induced by oxidized low-density lipopro-tein(ox-LDL).METHODS:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were cultured in vitro and subjected to ox-LDL treatment to establish an endothelial cell injury model.The experimental groups included the normal control(NC)group,ox-LDL group(HUVECs treated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 24 h),and CDNVs+ox-LDL group(pre-treated with 40 mg/L CDNVs for 1 hour followed by co-culture with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 24 hours).Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by the EdU incorporation assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Changes in signal-induced proliferation-associ-ated 1-like protein 2(SIPA1L2)mRNA expression were measured by RT-qPCR,and the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins and SIPA1L2 were evaluated by Western blot.SIPA1L2 ubiquitination was evaluated by immunoprecipita-tion assay.RESULTS:(1)CDNVs were successfully isolated and purified,characterized as nanoscale vesicles with a circular shape and a double-layered membrane structure.(2)CDNVs promoted the proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of ox-LDL-treated HUVECs(P＜0.05).(3)CDNVs suppressed the prorein expression of SIPA1L2 and promoted autophagy in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs(P＜0.05).(4)CDNVs facilitated the ubiquitination of SIPA1L2 protein,and reduced its protein level through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:CDNVs exert a protective effect against ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury by mediating SIPA1L2 ubiquitination and promoting endothelial cell au-tophagy.

By consulting the ancient and moderm literature， this paper makes a textual research on the name， origin， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing of Olibanum， so as to provide a basis for the development of the famous classical formulas containing this medicinal material. According to the herbal textual research， the results showed that Olibanum was first described as a medicinal material by the name of Xunluxiang in Mingyi Bielu（《名医别录》）， until Ruxiang had been used as the correct name since Bencao Shiyi（《本草拾遗》） in Tang dynasty. The main origin was Boswellia carterii from Burseraceae family. The mainly producing areas in ancient description were ancient India and Arabia， while the modern producing areas are Somalia， Ethiopia and the southern Arabian Peninsula. The medicinal part of Olibanum in ancient and modern times is the resin exuded from the bark， which has been mainly harvested in spring and summer. It is concluded that the better Olibanum has light yellow， granular， translucent， no impurities such as sand and bark， sticky powder and aromatic smell. There were many processing methods in ancient times， including cleansing（water flying， removing impurities）， grinding（wine grinding， rush grinding）， frying（stir-frying， rush frying， wine frying）， degreasing， vinegar processing， decoction. In modern times， the main processing methods are simplified to cleansing， stir-frying and vinegar processing. Nowadays， the commonly used specifications include raw， fried and vinegar-processed products. Among the three specifications， raw products is the Olibanum after cleansing， fried products is a kind of Olibanum processed by frying method， vinegar-processed products is the processed products of pure frankincense mixed with vinegar. Based on the research results， it is recommended to select the resin exuded from the bark of B. carterii for the famous classical formulas such as Juanbitang containing Olibanum， processing method should be carried out in accordance with the processing requirements of the formulas， otherwise used the raw products if the formulas without clear processing requirements.

【Objective】 To clarify the role and molecular mechanism of Tanshinone ⅡA (TanⅡA) in the pathological integration of granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) by using the mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). 【Methods】 Status epilepticus (SE) was induced in the mice with pilocarpine and treated with TanⅡA 5 mg/kg. After two months, Morris water maze was used to examine the spatial learning and memory ability and video surveillance was used to monitor spontaneous seizures. The DG was removed for staining of Timm, Prox-1, DCX and SynⅠ. PTEN, p-AKT, and p-S6 expressions were observed by Western blotting. 【Results】 TanⅡA decreased Timm score, SynⅠ, PSD-95 and pS6 levels, and increased the level of PTEN in the DG, and attenuated the formation of mossy fiber sproutings and basal dendrites of the granule cells. Video surveillance showed that TanⅡA reduced the frequency of Racine’ grade 5 seizures. 【Conclusion】 TanⅡA can effectively attenuate the abnormal integration of the granule cells in the DG by regulating PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway and thus plays an anti-epileptic role.

In order to provide the basis for the development of famous classical formulas， the name， origin， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing of Eucommiae Cortex were systematically researched by consulting the ancient herbal and medical books， combining with the modern literature. According to the textual research， materia medica in the past dynasties used Eucommiae Cortex as the correct name. Combined with characteristics， origin and efficacy， Eucommiae Cortex in ancient times to the present is the dry bark of Eucommia ulmoides from family Eucommiaceae. The earliest producing areas of Eucommiae Cortex are Henan， Shanxi， Shaanxi and Sichuan. Since the Ming dynasty， the producing areas have expanded to most of the regions in the country， and Sichuan， Shaanxi， Chongqing， Guizhou and Hubei are regarded as the authentic producing areas. It has been concluded that the quality of Eucommiae Cortex is best if the bark has thick body， large block， scraped rough skin， multi silk section and dark purple internal surface. In ancient times， the processing methods of Eucommiae Cortex were mainly included removing rough bark and cutting for raw use， processing with auxiliary materials such as honey， ginger juice， salt water， wine， and so on. While in modern times， the processing methods have become increasingly simplified which are mainly cutting raw materials after cleansing and salt processing. It is need to excavate the connotation of different processed products and restore the traditional main processing methods through standards. Based on the requirement of Eucommiae Cortex in Sanbitang， it is suggested to use ginger-processed products according to the research results， which is used ginger juice as auxiliary material and processed with stir frying method according to the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Traumatic rib fractures are the most common injury in thoracic trauma. Previously，the patients with traumatic rib fractures were mostly treated non-surgically，of which 50%，especially those combined with flail chest presented chronic pain or chest wall deformities and over 30% had long-term disabilities，being unable to retain a full-time job. In the past two decades，thanks to the development of internal fixation material technology，the surgical treatment of rib fractures has achieved good outcomes. However，there are still some problems in clinical treatment，including inconsistency in surgical treatment and quality control in medical services. The current consensuses on the management of regional traumatic rib fractures published at home and abroad mainly focus on the guidance of the overall treatment decisions and plans，and relevant clinical guidelines abroad lacks progress in surgical treatment of rib fractures in recent years. Therefore，the Chinese Society of Traumatology affiliated to Chinese Medical Association and Chinese College of Trauma Surgeons affiliated to Chinese Medical Doctor Association，in conjunction with national multidisciplinary experts，formulate the Chinese Consensus for Surgical Treatment of Traumatic Rib Fractures（2021）following the principle of evidence-based medicine，scientific nature and practicality. This expert consensus puts forward some clear，applicable，and graded recommendations from aspects of preoperative imaging evaluation，surgical indications，timing of surgery，surgical methods，rib fracture sites for surgical fixation，internal fixation methods and material selections，treatment of combined injuries in rib fractures，in order to provide references for surgical treatment of traumatic rib fractures.

Acute leukemia marks the main type of non-solid cancer in children.Studies have proved that long non-coding RNA plays important roles in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies and can be applied as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and efficacy monitoring of leukemia patients.This article briefly reviews the roles of long non-coding RNA in the tumorigenesis and progression of childhood acute leukemia.

Objective:To propose and evaluate the cycle-constraint adversarial network (CycleGAN) for enhancing the low-quality fundus images such as the blurred, underexposed and overexposed etc.Methods:A dataset including 700 high-quality and 700 low-quality fundus images selected from the EyePACS dataset was used to train the image enhancement network in this study.The selected images were cropped and uniformly scaled to 512×512 pixels.Two generative models and two discriminative models were used to establish CycleGAN.The generative model generated matching high/low-quality images according to the input low/high-quality fundus images, and the discriminative model determined whether the image was original or generated.The algorithm proposed in this study was compared with three image enhancement algorithms of contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE), dynamic histogram equalization (DHE), and multi-scale retinex with color restoration (MSRCR) to perform qualitative visual assessment with clarity, BRISQUE, hue and saturation as quantitative indicators.The original and enhanced images were applied to the diabetic retinopathy (DR) diagnostic network to diagnose, and the accuracy and specificity were compared.Results:CycleGAN achieved the optimal results on enhancing the three types of low-quality fundus images including the blurred, underexposed and overexposed.The enhanced fundus images were of high contrast, rich colors, and with clear optic disc and blood vessel structures.The clarity of the images enhanced by CycleGAN was second only to the CLAHE algorithm.The BRISQUE quality score of the images enhanced by CycleGAN was 0.571, which was 10.2%, 7.3%, and 10.0% higher than that of CLAHE, DHE and MSRCR algorithms, respectively.CycleGAN achieved 103.03 in hue and 123.24 in saturation, both higher than those of the other three algorithms.CycleGAN took only 35 seconds to enhance 100 images, only slower than CLAHE.The images enhanced by CycleGAN achieved accuracy of 96.75% and specificity of 99.60% in DR diagnosis, which were higher than those of oringinal images.Conclusions:CycleGAN can effectively enhance low-quality blurry, underexposed and overexposed fundus images and improve the accuracy of computer-aided DR diagnostic network.The enhanced fundus image is helpful for doctors to carry out pathological analysis and may have great application value in clinical diagnosis of ophthalmology.