Objective:To analyze risk factors for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients based on clinical and radiological characteristics, and to develop and validate a nomogram model for predicting the risk of CIP.Methods:A retrospective case-controlled study was conducted. The clinical data of 159 patients diagnosed with NSCLC in Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital between January 2020 and December 2023 who received immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the development of CIP after immunotherapy, the patients were divided into the CIP group (30 cases) and the control group (129 cases). The clinical data of NSCLC patients, hematological indicators and the data of imaging characteristics before their first ICI treatment were collected. Quantitative assessments were performed on pretreatment chest CT images, including lung total tumor volume, number of involved lung segments, and pulmonary infection index. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen out the factors influencing the development of CIP. R 4.3.0 statistical software was used to construct a nomogram model for predicting CIP based on the statistically significant risk factors identified in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC). Calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to assess the model's consistency and clinical benefit.Results:There were statistically significant differences in the proportions of patients with a history of chest radiotherapy and those receiving different immunotherapy regimens between the control group and the CIP group (both P < 0.001). The difference in the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [ M ( IQR)] between the both groups was statistically significant [211.00 U/L (57.00 U/L) vs. 276.00 U/L (136.00 U/L), Z = -3.41, P < 0.001]; additionally, the difference in lung status score between the 2 groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a history of chest radiotherapy (with vs. without: OR = 4.200, 95% CI: 1.466-12.036), the combination of immunotherapy (monotherapy vs. the combined therapy: OR = 0.106, 95% CI: 0.022-0.509), LDH ≥ 255.5 U/L (< 255.5 U/L vs. ≥ 255.5 U/L: OR = 0.988, 95% CI: 0.981-0.995), and severe lung status score(mild vs. moderate vs. severe: OR = 0.187, 95% CI: 0.059-0.593) were independent risk factors for CIP development in NSCLC patients after immunotherapy (all P < 0.05). A nomogram model for predicting CIP occurrence was constructed based on chest radiotherapy history, immunotherapy regimen, LDH, and lung status score. ROC curve analysis showed the AUC was 0.878 (95% CI: 0.813-0.942). The calibration curve demonstrated the good consistency between the predicted risk probability of CIP and the observed outcomes; DCA indicated that the model had favorable clinical benefits. Conclusions:The constructed nomogram prediction model shows a good predictive performance.

To perform the phylogenetic characterization of an isolated porcine rotavirus(PoRV)and investigate its pathogenicity in suckling mice and piglets.A G4P[23]genotype PoRV strain JSJR2023 was successfully isolated from the diarrheic piglet feces through propagation in MA104 cells.The viral proliferation kinetics were analyzed using TCID50 assays,followed by complete genome sequencing through Sanger sequencing platforms.Comprehensive genotyping and phylogenetic reconstruction were conducted using MEGA7.0 with maximum likelihood algorithms.Pathogenicity was assessed in the following animal models:5-day-old C57BL/6 mice and 3-day-old piglets.Multidimensional evaluation included clinical monitoring(diarrhea scoring,growth parameters),virological detection,and histopathological analysis of intestinal tissues.The virus strain JSJR2023 could replicate efficiently in MA104 cells,achieving peak titers of 107.5 TCID50/mL.Whole genome genotype analysis showed that the strain belonged to G4-P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the VP3 and NSP4 genes of JSJR2023 strain were most closedrelated to human species rotaviruses,suggesting genetic reassortment between human and porcine RV strains.The animal experiments in suckling mice showed that the JSJR2023 strain infection caused diarrhea symptoms,intestinal edema and congestion,and shedding of intestinal villus epithelial cells.The pathogenicity experiments in piglets showed that compared with the control group,the challenged group of pig-lets had severe diarrhea symptoms,accompanied by reduced appetite and listlessness.Post-mortem examination revealed that the intes-tines were significantly thinner,congested,and filled with yellow watery contents.The challenged piglets showed typical pathological changes such as thinning of the intestinal wall and shortening and shedding of intestinal villi.In conclusion,this study successfully iso-lated a human-porcine recombinant G4P[23]PoRV strain and established the infection models in suckling mice and piglets,providing important tools for investigating the pathogenic mechanism of PoRV,evaluating vaccines and developing antiviral drug.

Objective:To explore the application indications, clinical characteristics and influencing factors of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the treatment of critically ill pregnant and postpartum women in Bao′an district, Shenzhen, and summarize regional experience.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 5 cases of pregnant and postpartum women who received ECMO treatment at the CUHK Women′s and Children′s Medical Centre (Shenzhen) and the Shenzhen Bao′an People′s Hospital from 2020 to 2024. Baseline characteristics, ECMO parameters, complications and maternal-infant outcomes of the patients were collected.Results:The patients′ age was 29(24, 36) years old, gestational age was 39(31, 39) weeks, and ECMO maintenance time was 8(4, 8) days. ECMO indications included 2 cases of cardiac arrest, 1 case of respiratory and circulatory failure, 1 case of cardiogenic shock, and 1 case of acute respiratory distress syndrome. There were 4 cases of veno-arterial (VA)-ECMO and 1 case of veno-venous (VV)-ECMO. Complications included 3 cases of bleeding, 4 cases of acute renal failure, 2 cases of thrombosis, and 2 cases of infection. Both maternal and infant survival were 3 cases. Successful cases benefited from the multidisciplinary rapid response team and regional transportation cooperation, while failed cases were mostly accompanied by severe bleeding and disseminated intravascular coagulation.Conclusions:ECMO improves the success rate of treating critically ill pregnant and postpartum women in Bao′an District. Amniotic fluid embolism and severe pulmonary hypertension are the main indications. Regional multidisciplinary cooperation, accurate initiation timing and individualized anticoagulation management are the keys. It is recommended to establish a national ECMO registration system for pregnant and postpartum women to optimize treatment strategies and improve maternal and infant prognosis.

To perform the phylogenetic characterization of an isolated porcine rotavirus(PoRV)and investigate its pathogenicity in suckling mice and piglets.A G4P[23]genotype PoRV strain JSJR2023 was successfully isolated from the diarrheic piglet feces through propagation in MA104 cells.The viral proliferation kinetics were analyzed using TCID50 assays,followed by complete genome sequencing through Sanger sequencing platforms.Comprehensive genotyping and phylogenetic reconstruction were conducted using MEGA7.0 with maximum likelihood algorithms.Pathogenicity was assessed in the following animal models:5-day-old C57BL/6 mice and 3-day-old piglets.Multidimensional evaluation included clinical monitoring(diarrhea scoring,growth parameters),virological detection,and histopathological analysis of intestinal tissues.The virus strain JSJR2023 could replicate efficiently in MA104 cells,achieving peak titers of 107.5 TCID50/mL.Whole genome genotype analysis showed that the strain belonged to G4-P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the VP3 and NSP4 genes of JSJR2023 strain were most closedrelated to human species rotaviruses,suggesting genetic reassortment between human and porcine RV strains.The animal experiments in suckling mice showed that the JSJR2023 strain infection caused diarrhea symptoms,intestinal edema and congestion,and shedding of intestinal villus epithelial cells.The pathogenicity experiments in piglets showed that compared with the control group,the challenged group of pig-lets had severe diarrhea symptoms,accompanied by reduced appetite and listlessness.Post-mortem examination revealed that the intes-tines were significantly thinner,congested,and filled with yellow watery contents.The challenged piglets showed typical pathological changes such as thinning of the intestinal wall and shortening and shedding of intestinal villi.In conclusion,this study successfully iso-lated a human-porcine recombinant G4P[23]PoRV strain and established the infection models in suckling mice and piglets,providing important tools for investigating the pathogenic mechanism of PoRV,evaluating vaccines and developing antiviral drug.

Objective:To explore the application indications, clinical characteristics and influencing factors of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the treatment of critically ill pregnant and postpartum women in Bao′an district, Shenzhen, and summarize regional experience.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 5 cases of pregnant and postpartum women who received ECMO treatment at the CUHK Women′s and Children′s Medical Centre (Shenzhen) and the Shenzhen Bao′an People′s Hospital from 2020 to 2024. Baseline characteristics, ECMO parameters, complications and maternal-infant outcomes of the patients were collected.Results:The patients′ age was 29(24, 36) years old, gestational age was 39(31, 39) weeks, and ECMO maintenance time was 8(4, 8) days. ECMO indications included 2 cases of cardiac arrest, 1 case of respiratory and circulatory failure, 1 case of cardiogenic shock, and 1 case of acute respiratory distress syndrome. There were 4 cases of veno-arterial (VA)-ECMO and 1 case of veno-venous (VV)-ECMO. Complications included 3 cases of bleeding, 4 cases of acute renal failure, 2 cases of thrombosis, and 2 cases of infection. Both maternal and infant survival were 3 cases. Successful cases benefited from the multidisciplinary rapid response team and regional transportation cooperation, while failed cases were mostly accompanied by severe bleeding and disseminated intravascular coagulation.Conclusions:ECMO improves the success rate of treating critically ill pregnant and postpartum women in Bao′an District. Amniotic fluid embolism and severe pulmonary hypertension are the main indications. Regional multidisciplinary cooperation, accurate initiation timing and individualized anticoagulation management are the keys. It is recommended to establish a national ECMO registration system for pregnant and postpartum women to optimize treatment strategies and improve maternal and infant prognosis.

Objective:To analyze risk factors for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients based on clinical and radiological characteristics, and to develop and validate a nomogram model for predicting the risk of CIP.Methods:A retrospective case-controlled study was conducted. The clinical data of 159 patients diagnosed with NSCLC in Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital between January 2020 and December 2023 who received immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the development of CIP after immunotherapy, the patients were divided into the CIP group (30 cases) and the control group (129 cases). The clinical data of NSCLC patients, hematological indicators and the data of imaging characteristics before their first ICI treatment were collected. Quantitative assessments were performed on pretreatment chest CT images, including lung total tumor volume, number of involved lung segments, and pulmonary infection index. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen out the factors influencing the development of CIP. R 4.3.0 statistical software was used to construct a nomogram model for predicting CIP based on the statistically significant risk factors identified in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC). Calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to assess the model's consistency and clinical benefit.Results:There were statistically significant differences in the proportions of patients with a history of chest radiotherapy and those receiving different immunotherapy regimens between the control group and the CIP group (both P < 0.001). The difference in the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [ M ( IQR)] between the both groups was statistically significant [211.00 U/L (57.00 U/L) vs. 276.00 U/L (136.00 U/L), Z = -3.41, P < 0.001]; additionally, the difference in lung status score between the 2 groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a history of chest radiotherapy (with vs. without: OR = 4.200, 95% CI: 1.466-12.036), the combination of immunotherapy (monotherapy vs. the combined therapy: OR = 0.106, 95% CI: 0.022-0.509), LDH ≥ 255.5 U/L (< 255.5 U/L vs. ≥ 255.5 U/L: OR = 0.988, 95% CI: 0.981-0.995), and severe lung status score(mild vs. moderate vs. severe: OR = 0.187, 95% CI: 0.059-0.593) were independent risk factors for CIP development in NSCLC patients after immunotherapy (all P < 0.05). A nomogram model for predicting CIP occurrence was constructed based on chest radiotherapy history, immunotherapy regimen, LDH, and lung status score. ROC curve analysis showed the AUC was 0.878 (95% CI: 0.813-0.942). The calibration curve demonstrated the good consistency between the predicted risk probability of CIP and the observed outcomes; DCA indicated that the model had favorable clinical benefits. Conclusions:The constructed nomogram prediction model shows a good predictive performance.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Steroids are a class of medicines with important physiological and pharmacological effects. In pharmaceutical industry, steroidal intermediates are mainly prepared through Mycobacteria transformation, and then modified chemically or enzymatically into advanced steroidal compounds. Compared with the "diosgenin-dienolone" route, Mycobacteria transformation has the advantages of abundant raw materials, cost-effective, short reaction route, high yield and environmental friendliness. Based on genomics and metabolomics, the key enzymes in the phytosterol degradation pathway of Mycobacteria and their catalytic mechanisms are further revealed, which makes it possible for Mycobacteria to be used as chassis cells. This review summarizes the progress in the discovery of steroid-converting enzymes from different species, the modification of Mycobacteria genes and the overexpression of heterologous genes, and the optimization and modification of Mycobacteria as chassis cells.
Mycobacterium/metabolism* ; Steroids/metabolism* ; Phytosterols/metabolism* ; Genomics

Pulmonary blast injury has become the main type of trauma in modern warfare, characterized by externally mild injuries but internally severe injuries, rapid disease progression, and a high rate of early death. The injury is complicated in clinical practice, often with multiple and compound injuries. Currently, there is a lack of effective protective materials, accurate injury detection instrument and portable monitoring and transportation equipment, standardized clinical treatment guidelines in various medical centers, and evidence-based guidelines at home and abroad, resulting in a high mortality in clinlcal practice. Therefore, the Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized military and civilian experts in related fields such as thoracic surgery and traumatic surgery to jointly develop the Clinical treatment guideline for pulmonary blast injury ( version 2023) by combining evidence for effectiveness and clinical first-line treatment experience. This guideline provided 16 recommended opinions surrounding definition, characteristics, pre-hospital diagnosis and treatment, and in-hospital treatment of pulmonary blast injury, hoping to provide a basis for the clinical treatment in hospitals at different levels.

Mycobacterium neoaurum has the ability to produce steroidal intermediates known as 22-hydroxy-23, 24-bisnorchol-4-en-3-one (BA) upon the knockout of the genes for either the hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (Hsd4A) or acyl-CoA thiolase (FadA5). In a previous study, we discovered a novel metabolite in the fermentation products when the fadA5 gene was deleted. This research aims to elucidate the metabolic pathway of this metabolite through structural identification, homologous sequence analysis of the fadA5 gene, phylogenetic tree analysis of M. neoaurum HGMS2, and gene knockout. Our findings revealed that the metabolite is a C23 metabolic intermediate, named 24-norchol-4-ene-3, 22-dione (designated as 3-OPD). It is formed when a thioesterase (TE) catalyzes the formation of a β-ketonic acid by removing CoA from the side chain of 3, 22-dioxo-25, 26-bisnorchol-4-ene-24-oyl CoA (22-O-BNC-CoA), followed by spontaneously undergoing decarboxylation. These results have the potential to contribute to the development of novel steroid intermediates.
Mycobacterium/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Steroids/metabolism* ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Sterols/metabolism*