Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide， among which hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） accounts for approximately 90% in primary liver cancer. The advances in diagnostic and treatment tools， along with a deeper understanding of their application， are transforming the treatment modality for patients. The application of these innovations in clinical practice faces challenges and requires guidance， and related clinical practice guidelines provide the latest recommendations for the management of HCC patients and conduct a comprehensive review of related data. In the 2024 EASL guidelines， a multidisciplinary team from multiple specialties conducts a multi-parameter assessment of individual risks and benefits from the perspective of patients.

Objective:To evaluate the value of a combined model based on primary lesion 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18F-FDG) PET/CT radiomics for predicting lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) . Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 203 NSCLC patients who underwent pre-treatment PET/CT imaging at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from June 2013 to July 2023. Patients were randomly assigned to the training set ( n=142) and the validation set ( n=61) at a ratio of 7∶3. A predictive model was developed in the training set, and its predictive performance and clinical application value were assessed in both the training and validation sets. Traditional PET/CT parameters and PET/CT radiomics features of the primary lesion were obtained by 3D-slicer software. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest, and extreme gradient boosting were performed to extract features. Support vector machine was used to construct a radiomics score (Radscore). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to predict the influencing factors of lymph node metastasis in NSCLC patients and to establish models. Predictive performance of the models was evaluated by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and clinical application value was assessed by calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) . Results:Among 203 NSCLC patients, 116 had lymph node metastasis, with 64 cases in the training set and 52 cases in the validation set. Three complementary classical machine learning methods were used for feature screening, and finally 10 radiomics features were obtained. The optimal threshold for Radscore-PET was 0.43 and the optimal threshold for Radscore-CT was 0.39. Univariate analysis showed that, sex ( OR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.24-0.95, P=0.036), tumor marker levels ( OR=3.81, 95% CI: 1.84-7.91, P<0.001), long diameter of tumor ( OR=2.56, 95% CI: 1.27-5.16, P=0.009), short diameter of tumor ( OR=3.73, 95% CI: 1.75-7.92, P=0.001), vacuolar sign ( OR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.12-0.86, P=0.024), ring-like metabolism ( OR=3.67, 95% CI: 1.33-10.13, P=0.012), maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) ( OR=6.57, 95% CI: 3.03-14.25, P<0.001), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) ( OR=2.91, 95% CI: 1.43-5.92, P=0.003), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) ( OR=4.23, 95% CI: 2.08-8.59, P<0.001), Radscore-PET ( OR=21.93, 95% CI: 9.04-53.20, P<0.001) and Radscore-CT ( OR=13.72, 95% CI: 6.12-30.76, P<0.001) were all influencing factors for predicting lymph node metastasis in NSCLC patients. Multivariate analysis showed that, tumor marker levels ( OR=2.55, 95% CI: 1.11-5.90, P=0.028), vacuolar sign ( OR=0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.83, P=0.023), SUV max ( OR=5.94, 95% CI: 1.99-17.75, P=0.001), Radscore-PET ( OR=25.51, 95% CI: 5.92-110.22, P<0.001), and Radscore-CT ( OR=8.68, 95% CI: 2.73-27.61, P<0.001) were independent influencing factors for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with NSCLC. Based on the above independent influencing factors, models were constructed: the traditional model (tumor marker levels, vacuolar sign, SUV max), the PET model (SUV max, Radscore-PET), the CT model (vacuolar sign, Radscore-CT), and the combined model (tumor marker levels, vacuolar sign, SUV max, Radscore-PET, Radscore-CT). ROC curve analysis showed that, the area under curve (AUC) of the traditional, PET, CT, and combined models in the training set were 0.75 (95% CI: 0.67-0.82), 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84-0.95), 0.85 (95% CI: 0.78-0.90), and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.88-0.97), respectively. The predictive value of the combined model was higher than that of the traditional model ( Z=5.01, P<0.001), the PET model ( Z=1.99, P=0.047), and the CT model ( Z=3.25, P=0.001). In the validation set, the AUCs for the traditional model, PET model, CT model, and combined model were 0.65 (95% CI: 0.52-0.77), 0.86 (95% CI: 0.74-0.93), 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73-0.93), and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.80-0.96), respectively. The predictive value of the combined model was superior to that of the traditional model ( Z=3.23, P=0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the combined model in the training set were 84.37% and 91.03%, while in the validation set, the sensitivity and specificity were 82.61% and 94.74%, respectively. Calibration curves showed a good agreement between the predicted and actual probabilities in both the training and validation sets. DCA showed that the combined models had good discriminative ability in both the training and validation sets. Conclusions:Tumor marker levels, vacuolar sign, SUV max, Radscore-PET, and Radscore-CT are all independent influencing factors for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with NSCLC. The combined model based on these factors demonstrates excellent predictive performance and clinical application value for predicting lymph node metastasis in NSCLC.

The combat trauma medicine in China was originated in the era of the revolutionary war and has been an important component of the practice of people′s wars. Over the past 70 years since the founding of the People′s Republic of China, combat trauma medicine in China has evolved through four stages of development: a difficult start, military-civilian collaboration, innovation driven progress, and comprehensive improvement. A relatively complete theoretical and technological system as well as a comprehensive rescue and treatment system including medical rescue, trauma centers, regional trauma treatment systems, wound repair departments, etc, have been established. The field also boasts a series of national-level scientific and technological innovation platforms, such as national key laboratories, national medical centers, and national emergency medical rescue bases, which all strongly contributes to "the Peaceful China initiative". The author reviewed the development process of combat trauma medicine in China, emphasizing the need to stand at the forefront of the discipline and focus on national needs and continuing to promote high-quality development of combat trauma medicine, which will play a strategic supporting role in advancing the construction of "the Peaceful China initiative" at a higher level in the new era.

Objective:To explore the neuropathological characteristics of brain tissues from autopsy of patients with schizophrenia.Methods:Forty-two autopsy cases from National Human Brain Bank for Health and Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University from January 2013 to December 2024 were selected as research subjects, among which, 21 were schizophrenia patients(schizophrenia group) and 21 were non-schizophrenia patients (non-schizophrenia group). Clinical data of patients from the two groups were compared. HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes such as infarction, hemorrhage and arteriosclerosis in the brain tissues, silver-nitrate staining was used to detect the amyloid plaques in the brain tissues, Congo red staining was used to detect the pathological changes related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in the brain tissues, modified Gallyas silver staining was used to detect the neurofibrillary tangles in the brain tissues, and immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of phosphorylated tau protein, β-amyloid protein (Aβ), TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43), and α-synuclein in the brain tissues. Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC), primary age-related tauopathy (PART), limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE), aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG), Lewy body disease (LBD), and cerebrovascular disease (CVD)-related pathological changes in the brain tissues were evaluated, and differences in positive rates of the above pathological changes were compared.Results:No significant difference in gender, age of death, brain weight, or apolipoprotein E genotype was noted between the schizophrenia group and non-schizophrenia group ( P>0.05). Six schizophrenia patients exhibited low-to-intermediate ADNC, including 4 with low ADNC and 2 with intermediate ADNC. Compared with the non-schizophrenia group, the positive rates of ADNC- and CVD-related pathological changes in the schizophrenia group were significantly higher (0 vs. 28.6%; 9.5% vs. 47.6%, P<0.05). No significant differences in positive rates of PART-, LATE-, ARTAG-, and LBD-related pathological changes were noted between the schizophrenia group and non-schizophrenia group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Schizophrenia patients show high proportions of ADNC- and CVD-related pathological changes, but relatively low ADNC severity.

Objective:To integrate the best evidence of non drug intervention for blood lipid management of breast cancer survivors used the evidence-based method, and provide evidence-based evidence for clinical medical staff to carry out dynamic monitoring and management of blood lipid abnormalities.Methods:According to the 6S model, the evidence summary, clinical decision, recommended practice, guidelines, systematic review, expert consensus, scientific position statement and other non-drug interventions on lipid management of breast cancer survivors were systematically searched from the evidence-based guidelines website and related databases from database establishment until June 10, 2024. The quality of the included literature was evaluated, and the evidence was extracted, summarized and formed.Results:A total of 14 literatures were included, including 7 guidelines, 5 expert consensus and 2 systematic reviews. Totally 21 best evidences were collected from the necessity of lipid management, lipid management objectives, individualized lipid monitoring and lipid management strategies.Conclusions:The quality and level of the best evidence collected in this study are generally high, which has reference significance for clinical medical staff to carry out scientific and effective non drug intervention in lipid management of breast cancer survivors. In the evidence transformation stage, it is necessary to fully consider the individual differences of patients, in order to improve the intervention effect and the quality of life of patients.

Objective:To integrate the best evidence of non drug intervention for blood lipid management of breast cancer survivors used the evidence-based method, and provide evidence-based evidence for clinical medical staff to carry out dynamic monitoring and management of blood lipid abnormalities.Methods:According to the 6S model, the evidence summary, clinical decision, recommended practice, guidelines, systematic review, expert consensus, scientific position statement and other non-drug interventions on lipid management of breast cancer survivors were systematically searched from the evidence-based guidelines website and related databases from database establishment until June 10, 2024. The quality of the included literature was evaluated, and the evidence was extracted, summarized and formed.Results:A total of 14 literatures were included, including 7 guidelines, 5 expert consensus and 2 systematic reviews. Totally 21 best evidences were collected from the necessity of lipid management, lipid management objectives, individualized lipid monitoring and lipid management strategies.Conclusions:The quality and level of the best evidence collected in this study are generally high, which has reference significance for clinical medical staff to carry out scientific and effective non drug intervention in lipid management of breast cancer survivors. In the evidence transformation stage, it is necessary to fully consider the individual differences of patients, in order to improve the intervention effect and the quality of life of patients.

The combat trauma medicine in China was originated in the era of the revolutionary war and has been an important component of the practice of people′s wars. Over the past 70 years since the founding of the People′s Republic of China, combat trauma medicine in China has evolved through four stages of development: a difficult start, military-civilian collaboration, innovation driven progress, and comprehensive improvement. A relatively complete theoretical and technological system as well as a comprehensive rescue and treatment system including medical rescue, trauma centers, regional trauma treatment systems, wound repair departments, etc, have been established. The field also boasts a series of national-level scientific and technological innovation platforms, such as national key laboratories, national medical centers, and national emergency medical rescue bases, which all strongly contributes to "the Peaceful China initiative". The author reviewed the development process of combat trauma medicine in China, emphasizing the need to stand at the forefront of the discipline and focus on national needs and continuing to promote high-quality development of combat trauma medicine, which will play a strategic supporting role in advancing the construction of "the Peaceful China initiative" at a higher level in the new era.

Objective:To explore the neuropathological characteristics of brain tissues from autopsy of patients with schizophrenia.Methods:Forty-two autopsy cases from National Human Brain Bank for Health and Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University from January 2013 to December 2024 were selected as research subjects, among which, 21 were schizophrenia patients(schizophrenia group) and 21 were non-schizophrenia patients (non-schizophrenia group). Clinical data of patients from the two groups were compared. HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes such as infarction, hemorrhage and arteriosclerosis in the brain tissues, silver-nitrate staining was used to detect the amyloid plaques in the brain tissues, Congo red staining was used to detect the pathological changes related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in the brain tissues, modified Gallyas silver staining was used to detect the neurofibrillary tangles in the brain tissues, and immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of phosphorylated tau protein, β-amyloid protein (Aβ), TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43), and α-synuclein in the brain tissues. Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC), primary age-related tauopathy (PART), limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE), aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG), Lewy body disease (LBD), and cerebrovascular disease (CVD)-related pathological changes in the brain tissues were evaluated, and differences in positive rates of the above pathological changes were compared.Results:No significant difference in gender, age of death, brain weight, or apolipoprotein E genotype was noted between the schizophrenia group and non-schizophrenia group ( P>0.05). Six schizophrenia patients exhibited low-to-intermediate ADNC, including 4 with low ADNC and 2 with intermediate ADNC. Compared with the non-schizophrenia group, the positive rates of ADNC- and CVD-related pathological changes in the schizophrenia group were significantly higher (0 vs. 28.6%; 9.5% vs. 47.6%, P<0.05). No significant differences in positive rates of PART-, LATE-, ARTAG-, and LBD-related pathological changes were noted between the schizophrenia group and non-schizophrenia group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Schizophrenia patients show high proportions of ADNC- and CVD-related pathological changes, but relatively low ADNC severity.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.