Objective In this study,the gas exchange performance and impact patterns of microalgae culture based on hollow fiber membrane technology were investigated for the culture of space microalgae.Methods The effects of parameters and conditions such as gas flow rate,membrane area and liquid flow rate on the CO2 fixation efficiency and fixation rate of hollow fiber membrane modules were studied,and the gas exchange performance of different parameters were compared by fitting formula.Results The gas flow rate and membrane area have a significant effect on the gas exchange performance of the module.With the increase of gas flow rate,the fixation rate of CO2 increases at first and then stabilizes,and the fixation efficiency of CO2 shows a continuous downward trend;with the increase of membrane area,the fixation rate and fixation efficiency of CO2 increase significantly,while the liquid flow rate has no significant effect on the gas exchange performance of the module.The highest CO2 fixation rate was 168.24 mg/(L·h)when the membrane area was 0.3m2 and the gas flow rate was 2.0 L/min.Conclusion The use of hollow fiber membrane technology can solve the problem of two-phase flow management in the gas exchange between algae culture and atmosphere,which has a better effect on gas exchange,and can provide reference for the design of gas exchange module of space microalgae photobioreactor.

Regarding the air quality problems,this article summarized the adverse factors such as trace harmful gases,small particulate matter,and high concentration carbon dioxide that existed in space closed environment,and compared the advantages and disadvantages of physical and chemical treatment methods to improve air quality.The focus was on exploring the improvement benefits of plants method on air quality,and summarizing the research progress in three aspects:absorption of trace harmful gases,release of negative oxygen ions,and absorption of carbon dioxide.The current research problems were pointed out,and the future research directions on using plants to improve the air quality in space closed environment were predicted.

Objective In order to use plants to absorb high concentration carbon dioxide in closed space,the gas exchange capacity and regulation measures of six horticultural plants were explored.Methods The gas exchange characteristics of Bamboo Palm,Chrysanthemum,Peace Lily,Anthurium,Aloe vera,and Nephrolepis exaltata were studied under three light gradients[170 μmol/(m2·s),270 μmol/(m2·s),370 μmol/(m2·s)]and four carbon dioxide concentration gradients(500 ppm,1 000 ppm,1 500 ppm,2 000 ppm)using a closed low-pressure device.Results The results indicate significant differences in the average photosynthetic rates among the six plants,with the ranking order as Chrysanthemum>Peace Lily>Bamboo Palm>Aloe vera>Anthurium>Nephrolepis exaltata.In contrast,the transpiration rate and respiration rate of Chrysanthemum,Peace Lily and Bamoo Palm were higher,aloe vera absorbed carbon dioxide under dark conditions.Under a light intensity of 370 μmol/(m2·s),the photosynthetic rate of Bamboo Palm was most enhanced,2.57 times that under the condition of 170 μmol/(m2·s),whereas high light intensity suppressed the photosynthetic rate of Nephrolepis exaltata,which was about 3%lower than that under low light intensity.Under a carbon dioxide concentration of 2 000 ppm,the photosynthetic rates of Chrysanthemum,Peace Lily,and Bamboo Palm was more than 9.13 μmol CO2/(m2·s),approximately three times the average rate under low carbon dioxide concentration.Conclusion Among the six horticultural plants,Chrysanthemum,Bamboo Palm,and Peace Lily exhibit superior gas exchange capabilities,and increasing the light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration in the cultivation environment significantly enhances the photosynthetic rate of these three plants.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome defined by acute onset of hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary opacities not fully explained by cardiac failure or volume overload. At present, there is no specific drug treatment for ARDS, and the mortality rate is high. The reason may be that ARDS has rapid onset, rapid progression, complex etiology, and great heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and treatment. Compared with traditional data analysis, machine learning algorithms can automatically analyze and obtain rules from complex data and interpret them to assist clinical decision making. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the machine learning progression in ARDS clinical phenotype, onset prediction, prognosis stratification, and interpretable machine learning in recent years, in order to provide reference for clinical.
Humans ; Hypoxia/complications* ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology* ; Prognosis ; Machine Learning

Objective:To investigate the gene transcription level changes in the amygdala of social isolation rearing models of schizophrenia to determine the pathogenic genes and their related pathways of schizophrenia.Methods:A total of 29 3-week-old SPF C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into control group ( n=16) and model group ( n=13); 4 mice were raised in each transparent mouse cage in the control group, and 1 mouse was raised in each transparent mouse cage in the model group; mice in each cage could see their surrounding mice but could not touch each other. Mice in both groups were fed for 4 weeks and then subjected to open field experiment, pre-pulse inhibition experiment and new object recognition experiment within one week. After the experiment, mice were sacrificed by spinal dislocation, and the amygdala was taken for transcriptome sequencing. The topGO software was used for gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was performed using KEGG database. Results:(1) Animal experiment: compared with the control group, the model group had significantly increased movement distance in the open field experiment ([1 239.20±106.35] m vs. [1 845.53±143.65] m, t=3.464, P=0.002), significantly decreased activity time in the central region 5 min before experiment ([13.15±1.41] s vs. [8.47±1.19]) s, t=2.464, P=0.020). Compared with the control group, the model group had significantly lower percentage of deficient prepulse inhibition (PPI) of 78 dB ([22.28±1.53] % vs. [14.59±2.75] %, t=2.629, P=0.013), and deficient PPI of 88 dB ([32.83±3.39] % vs. [18.44±3.07] %, t=3.081, P=0.005). Compared with the control group, the model group had significantly decreased ratio of time exploring new objects/time exploring former objects ([80.5±2.2]% vs. [71.0±3.6]%, t=2.356, P=0.026). (2) Bioinformatics analysis: a total of 96 DEGs were found, of which 42 were with up-regulated expressions ( Th, Crlf1, etc.), and 54 were with down-regulated expressions ( Prkcd, etc.). Th and Crlf1 were positively correlated ( r=0.940, P=0.018). GO enrichment results suggested that DEGs were enriched in projection function of plasma membrane boundary cells, neuronal differentiation, and cell apoptosis. KEGG enrichment results suggested that DEGs were enriched in WNT signaling pathway, apoptosis pathway and tyrosine metabolism pathway. Protein network interaction analysis suggested that Wnt6, Tcf712, Pitx2, Tcf7 and Cd4 were key proteins. Conclusion:DEGs such as Th, Prkcd, Lrrc74b, Fadd, Wnt6, Ror2, Notum, and Tcf7l2, and their related signaling pathways may be related to schizophrenia in the amygdala of social isolation rearing mice.

Background and Objectives: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which the mechanisms behind its initiation and development are related to many factors. DMSCs (dermal mesenchymal stem cells) represent an important member of the skin microenvironment and play an important role in the surrounding environment and in neighbouring cells, but they are also affected by the microenvironment. We studied the glucose metabolism of DMSCs in psoriasis patients and a control group to reveal the relationship among glucose metabolism, cell proliferation activity，and VEC (vascular endothelial cell) differentiation in vitro, we demonstrated the biological activity and molecular mechanisms of DMSCs in psoriasis. Methods: and Results: We found that the OCR of DMSCs in psoriatic lesions was higher than that in the control group, and mRNA of GLUT1 and HK2 were up-regulated compared with the control group. The proliferative activity of DMSCs in psoriasis was reduced at an early stage, and mRNA involved in proliferation, JUNB and FOS were expressed at lower levels than those in the control group. The number of blood vessels in psoriatic lesions was significantly higher than that in the control group (p＜0.05), which the mRNA of VEC differentiation, CXCL12, CXCR7, HEYL and RGS5 tended to be increased in psoriatic lesions compared to the control group, in addition to Notch3. Conclusions We speculated that DMSCs affected local psoriatic blood vessels through glucose metabolism, and the differentiation of VECs, which resulted in the pathophysiological process of psoriasis.

Objective:To dynamically observe the effect of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) protein in retina of retinal ischemia reperfusion injury (RIRI) rats, and to explore the mechanism.Methods:By using random number table method, 90 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham operation group ( n=10), RIRI group ( n=40), and NAS group ( n=40). The right eye was as the experimental eye. In the RIRI group and NAS group, the anterior chamber high intraocular pressure method was used to establish the RIRI model. In the NAS group, 10 mg/kg NAS was injected intraperitoneally before modeling and 30 minutes after modeling. At 6, 12, 24, 72 h after modeling, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the retina, and the retinal ganglion cells (RGC) were counted. Each group was detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot about the relative expression of TNF-α, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein in the rat retina. Oneway analysis of variance was used for differences between groups. The general linear regression method was used to analyze the correlation between the relative expression changes of TNF-α protein and the changes of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression after NAS intervention. Results:Optical microscope observation revealed that the retinal edema of rats in the RIRI group was observed at 6, 12, and 24 h after modeling; the thickness of the retina in the NAS group was significantly thinner than that in the RIRI group, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=9.645, 477.150, 2.432; P<0.01). At 6, 12, 24, and 72 h after modeling, the retinal RGC counts in the NAS group were significantly higher than those in the RIRI group, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=12.225, 12.848, 117.655, 306.394; P<0.05). The results of immunohistochemical staining and Western blot showed that 6 h after modeling, the relative expression of TNF-α protein in the retina of the RIRI group increased significantly compared with that in the sham operation group, reaching a higher level at 12 h, and decreased at 24 and 72 h. But all were significantly higher than the sham operation group, the difference was statistically significant (immunohistochemical staining: F=105.893, 1 356.076, 434.026, 337.351; P<0.01; Western blot: F=92.906, 534.948, 327.600, 385.324; P<0.01). At different time points after modeling, the relative expression of TNF-α protein in the retina of the NAS group was significantly lower than that of the RIRI group (immunohistochemical staining: F=15.408, 570.482, 21.070, 13.767; P<0.05; Western blot: F=12.618, 115.735, 13.176, 111.108; P<0.05), but still higher than the sham operation group (immunohistochemical staining: F=40.709, 151.032, 156.321, 216.035; P<0.01; Western blot: F=33.943, 79.729, 74.057, 64.488; P<0.01), the difference was statistically significant; 12 h after modeling, Nrf2 in the retina of the NAS group (immunohistochemical staining: F=51.122, P<0.05; Western blot: F=33.972, P<0.05), HO-1 (immunohistochemical staining: F=30.750, P<0.05; Western blot: F=18.283, P<0.05) protein relative expression was significantly higher than that of RIRI group, and the differences were statistically significant. The results of linear regression analysis showed that the difference in the number of TNF-α + cells in the RIRI group and the NAS group was negatively correlated with the difference in the number of Nrf2 + and HO-1 + cells ( r 2=0.923, 0.936; P<0.01). Conclusions:NAS can inhibit the expression of TNF-α protein in the retina of RIRI rats and reduce RIRI. The mechanism may be related to the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Objective:To culture and identify dermal mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) in skin lesions of patients with psoriasis, and to determine the expression of hairy and enhancer of split-1 (HES1) and chemokine ligand 6 (CXCL6) in DMSCs.Methods:DMSCs were isolated from skin lesions of 15 patients with psoriasis and normal skin tissues of 18 healthy controls, and then subjected to culture. Cell phenotypes were identified by flow cytometry, and mRNA and protein expression of HES1 and CXCL6 was determined by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis respectively. Comparisons were performed between 2 groups by using t test. Results:There was no difference in the morphology of DMSCs between the psoriasis group and control group. The mRNA expression of HES1 and CXCL6 in the psoriasis group was 3.56 and 3.44 times that in the control group respectively, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (both P < 0.05) . The protein expression of HES1 and CXCL6 in DMSCs was significantly higher in the psoriasis group than in the control group (both P < 0.05) . Conclusion:The high expression of HES1 and CXCL6 in DMSCs from lesions may be involved in the occurrence of psoriasis.

Objective To investigate the effect of pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the process of contrast induced human kidney cell apoptosis.Methods Human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells were cultured in DMEM-F12 medium with 5％ FBS.Cells were divided into control group,Contrast group (O group),NLRP3-siRNA+Iohexol group (si-NLRP3+O group),ASC-siRNA+Iohexol group (si-ASC+O group),and mannitol group (M group).Different concentrations of hypotonic contrast agent were added to HK-2 cell culture plates for 24,48 and 72 h.Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis.NLRP3 and ASC mRNA expressions were detected by RT-PCR.The expressions of NLRP3,ASC,caspase-8/cleaved caspase-8,Bcl-2/Bax,caspase-1/cleaved caspase-1,and caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3 protein were detected by Western blot.The levels of interleukin (IL) 1β and IL-18 in supernatant were detected by ELISA.Results Compared with the control group,the rate of apoptotic cells,as well as the expressions of NLRP3,ASC and cleaved caspase-1 proteins were increased in HK-2 cells of contrast group.The expressions of NLRP3 and ASC mRNA in the contrast group also increased,so did IL-1β and IL-18 levels (all P＜0.05),suggesting that NLRP3 inflammasome in HK-2 cells was activated by contrast.Compared with the control group,the expressions of cleaved caspase-8,Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein were increased,and the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was decreased (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the contrast group,the rate of apoptotic cells in the si-NLRP3 + contrast group and si-ASC + contrast group was significantly decreased;the expression of cleaved caspase-1 was decreased;the expressions of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased,and Bcl-2 level was increased.The expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant of cells were decreased (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Contrast agent can activate the NLRP3 pathway in HK-2 cells and induce apoptosis,which could be reduced by blocking the NLRP3 pathway.

ObjectiveTo explore the etiology and biochemical markers of acute liver failure (ALF) in children.Methods The cause and the biochemical markers of ALF in children who were treated in December 2014 to January 2011 were ana-lyzed retrospectively.ResultsA total of 67 children were enrolled, including 31 females and 36 males. According to the cause of the disease, the children were divided into non-genetic metabolic group, genetic metabolic group, and cryptogenic group. In the non-genetic metabolic group (29 cases, 43.28%) there were 12 cases of drug-induced ALF, 5 cases of Reye syndrome, 3 cases of hemophagocytic syndrome, 3 cases of herpes simplex virus infection, 2 cases of autoimmune hepatitis, one of case mushroom poisoning one case of hepatitis A virus infection, one case of cytomegalovirus infection and one case of sepsis respectively. In the genetic metabolic group (14 cases, 20.90%) there were 6 cases of Wilson’s disease, 2 case of glycogen storage disease, 2 of cas-es progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, 2 cases of neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deifciency, one case of very long-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase deifciency and one case of primary carnitine deifciency. In the cryptogenic group there were 24 cases (35.82%). The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, blood glucose level and AST/ALT were statistically signiifcantly different in genetic metabolic group from in non-genetic me-tabolism disease group and cryptogenic group, (P<0.05). The genetic metabolic group had the lowest levels of serum ALT, AST, albumin and glucose while the genetic metabolic group had the highest ratio of AST/ALT.ConclusionsThe etiology of ALF in children are complex. Genetic metabolic disease should be considered when the child with ALF has no signiifcantly elevated ALT, extremely high ratio of AST/ALT, combined with hypoproteinemia and hypoglycemia.