Objective:To investigate risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and establish early lipid management thresholds in obese pregnant women.Methods:This prospective cohort study enrolled obese women [pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI)≥28 kg/m2] during their first prenatal visit (6-12 weeks of gestation) at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University from October 2021 to October 2022. Serum lipid profiles [total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol] were measured in the first (6-12 weeks), second (24-28 weeks), and third trimesters (34-37 weeks), with body weight tracked at 16, 20, and 24 weeks of gestation. Participants were stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI into mild (≥28-<30 kg/m2), moderate (≥30-<35 kg/m2), and severe obesity (≥35 kg/m2) groups; meanwhile, they were also stratified into GDM and non-GDM groups. Intergroup differences were analyzed using independent t-tests, Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Chi-square tests. Binary logistic regression identified independent risk factors for GDM, while a decision tree model incorporating maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, first-trimester FBG, lipid levels, and weight gain at 16/20/24 weeks was constructed to delineate GDM risk stratification. Receiver operating characteristic curves established first-trimester lipid thresholds for GDM prevention in mild and moderate obesity subgroups. Results:After excluding 88 cases, 487 women were analyzed, with 202 (41.5%) developing GDM. (1) Weight gain disparities: There were statistically significant differences in weight gain at 16, 20, and 24 weeks of gestation among pregnant women with mild, moderate, and severe pre-pregnancy obesity [at 16 weeks: 1.0 (0.0-3.0), 0.9 (－1.0-2.0) vs.－1.4 (－3.0-1.1) kg, χ 2=16.92; at 20 weeks: 3.0 (1.0-5.0), 2.0 (0.0-4.0) vs.－0.5 (－2.3-1.3) kg, χ 2=23.94; at 24 weeks of gestation: 4.0 (2.0-7.0), 3.0 (1.0-5.0) vs. 0.0 (－2.0-3.1) kg, χ 2=28.27; all P<0.001]. GDM incidence escalated with obesity severity: 36.9% (93/252) in mild, 45.0% (95/211) in moderate, and 58.3% (14/24) in severe obesity groups ( χ2=6.07, P=0.048). No significart difference was found in serum lipid profiles during the first, second, and third trimesters (all P>0.05). (2) Risk factors: First-trimester FBG was the risk factor of GDM in pre-pregnancy obese pregnant women ( OR=5.196, 95% CI: 3.025-8.926, P<0.001). (3) The decision tree model revealed that the key nodes for GDM development in obese pregnant women were first-trimester FBG, first-trimester TG levels, maternal age, first-trimester HDL-C, and pre-pregnancy BMI. When obese pregnant women had FBG≥5.1 mmol/L and age≥35 years, the incidence of GDM reached 88%. Conversely, when first-trimester TG<1.5 mmol/L, first-trimester FBG<4.9 mmol/L, and first trimester HDL-C≥1.3 mmol/L, the GDM incidence dropped to 15%. (4) First-trimester TG thresholds of 1.5 mmol/L for mild obesity (area under the curve was 0.626, 95% CI: 0.556-0.697) and 1.4 mmol/L for moderate obesity (area under the curve was 0.636, 95% CI:0.560-0.713) to guide lipid management. Conclusions:First-trimester FBG is closely associated with GDM development in pre-pregnancy obese women, with varying incidences across different obesity severity levels. Clinical management should prioritize both glycemic control and early-pregnancy lipid monitoring in mild-to-moderately obese populations.

Objective:To investigate risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and establish early lipid management thresholds in obese pregnant women.Methods:This prospective cohort study enrolled obese women [pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI)≥28 kg/m2] during their first prenatal visit (6-12 weeks of gestation) at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University from October 2021 to October 2022. Serum lipid profiles [total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol] were measured in the first (6-12 weeks), second (24-28 weeks), and third trimesters (34-37 weeks), with body weight tracked at 16, 20, and 24 weeks of gestation. Participants were stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI into mild (≥28-<30 kg/m2), moderate (≥30-<35 kg/m2), and severe obesity (≥35 kg/m2) groups; meanwhile, they were also stratified into GDM and non-GDM groups. Intergroup differences were analyzed using independent t-tests, Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Chi-square tests. Binary logistic regression identified independent risk factors for GDM, while a decision tree model incorporating maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, first-trimester FBG, lipid levels, and weight gain at 16/20/24 weeks was constructed to delineate GDM risk stratification. Receiver operating characteristic curves established first-trimester lipid thresholds for GDM prevention in mild and moderate obesity subgroups. Results:After excluding 88 cases, 487 women were analyzed, with 202 (41.5%) developing GDM. (1) Weight gain disparities: There were statistically significant differences in weight gain at 16, 20, and 24 weeks of gestation among pregnant women with mild, moderate, and severe pre-pregnancy obesity [at 16 weeks: 1.0 (0.0-3.0), 0.9 (－1.0-2.0) vs.－1.4 (－3.0-1.1) kg, χ 2=16.92; at 20 weeks: 3.0 (1.0-5.0), 2.0 (0.0-4.0) vs.－0.5 (－2.3-1.3) kg, χ 2=23.94; at 24 weeks of gestation: 4.0 (2.0-7.0), 3.0 (1.0-5.0) vs. 0.0 (－2.0-3.1) kg, χ 2=28.27; all P<0.001]. GDM incidence escalated with obesity severity: 36.9% (93/252) in mild, 45.0% (95/211) in moderate, and 58.3% (14/24) in severe obesity groups ( χ2=6.07, P=0.048). No significart difference was found in serum lipid profiles during the first, second, and third trimesters (all P>0.05). (2) Risk factors: First-trimester FBG was the risk factor of GDM in pre-pregnancy obese pregnant women ( OR=5.196, 95% CI: 3.025-8.926, P<0.001). (3) The decision tree model revealed that the key nodes for GDM development in obese pregnant women were first-trimester FBG, first-trimester TG levels, maternal age, first-trimester HDL-C, and pre-pregnancy BMI. When obese pregnant women had FBG≥5.1 mmol/L and age≥35 years, the incidence of GDM reached 88%. Conversely, when first-trimester TG<1.5 mmol/L, first-trimester FBG<4.9 mmol/L, and first trimester HDL-C≥1.3 mmol/L, the GDM incidence dropped to 15%. (4) First-trimester TG thresholds of 1.5 mmol/L for mild obesity (area under the curve was 0.626, 95% CI: 0.556-0.697) and 1.4 mmol/L for moderate obesity (area under the curve was 0.636, 95% CI:0.560-0.713) to guide lipid management. Conclusions:First-trimester FBG is closely associated with GDM development in pre-pregnancy obese women, with varying incidences across different obesity severity levels. Clinical management should prioritize both glycemic control and early-pregnancy lipid monitoring in mild-to-moderately obese populations.

Objective Construction of a nomogram prediction model for the risk of conversion from thoracoscopic lobectomy to thoracotomy in patients with lung cancer.Methods 160 patients who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer from August 2021 to February 2023 were selected and randomly divided into a modeling group(112 cases)and a validation group(48 cases),the modeling group was divided into an open-chest group and an non open-chest group according to whether or not they were converted to open-chest intraoperatively;Multivariate Logistic regression analysis(Enter method)was applied to analyze the risk factors of change to thoracotomy during thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer patients;R software was applied to construct column chart models and evaluate the predictive performance of the models.Results In this study,39 out of 112 lung cancer patients changed to thoracotomy during thoracoscopic lobectomy,with an incidence rate of 34.82%.There were statistical differences between the open-chest group and the non open-chest group in terms of age,pulmonary tuberculosis,tumor location(upper lobe of lung),and pleural adhesions(P＜0.05).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age≥65 years,presence of tuberculosis,tumor location(upper lobe of lung),and presence of pleural adhesions were risk factors(P＜0.05).The validation results of the modeling group showed that the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve(ROC curve)(AUC)was 0.857,with a good discrimination,the H-L test showed a good consistency(χ2=5.34,P=0.502).The AUC of external validation was 0.917,with a good discrimination,the H-L test with a good consistency(χ2=6.21,P=0.414).Conclusion Age≥65 years old,presence of pulmonary tuberculosis,tumor location(upper lobe of lung),and pleural adhesions are risk factors for change to thoracotomy in lung cancer patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy.The column chart model constructed based on this has good discrimination and consistency,and can intuitively predict the risk of thoracoscopic lobectomy to change to thoracotomy in lung cancer patients.

Objective To investigate the seasonal Aedes population fluctuation and the resistance of Aedes populations to common insecticides in Jiangsu Province in 2020, so as to provide insights into vector-borne infectious diseases control.. Methods One village was randomly sampled from each of Xinbei District of Changzhou City and Zhangjiagang County of Suzhou City in southern Jiangsu Province, Hai’an County of Nantong City and Yandu District of Yancheng City in Central Jiangsu Province, and Suining County of Xuzhou City and Sihong County of Suqian City in northern Jiangsu Province during the period between May and October, 2020. A small ponding container was sampled, and larval Aedes mosquitoes were collected using straws once each in early and late stages of each month. All larvae were bred in laboratory to adults for population identification. In addition, larval breeding were observed in all small ponding containers in and out of 30 households that were randomly sampled from six surveillance sites, and the larval mosquito density was estimated using Breteau index. Larval A. albopictus mosquitoes were sampled around Cuiyuan New Village in Jintan District of Changzhou City, and bred in laboratory to the first offspring generation, and the susceptibility of adult female mosquitoes to deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, malathion, and propoxur was tested using the filter-paper bioassay recommended by WHO. Results A total of 1 165 larval Aedes mosquitoes were captured from small ponding containers in six surveillance sites of Jiangsu Province in 2020, and all were identified as A. albopictus following eclosion. The largest number of Aedes larvae captured was found in July. A total of 1 152 households were investigated in six surveillance sites, and the mean Breteau indexes were 9.58, 13.20, 13.71, 13.20, 12.18 and 5.58 from May to October, respectively, while a high Aedes transmission risk was seen in Xinbei District of Changzhou City, with a higher Breteau index than in Suining (H = 23.667, P_adjusted = 0.001) and Sihong (H = 22.500, P_adjusted = 0.003) counties. The field-captured A. albopictus from Cuiyuan New Village in Jintan District of Changzhou City remained sensitive to malathion, but was resistant to propoxur, and developed high-level resistance to deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin. Conclusions A. albopictus was present in southern, central and northern Jiangsu Province in 2020, and the larval density peaked in July. A. albopictus captured from Cuiyuan New Village in Jintan District of Changzhou City has developed high-level resistance to pyrethroid pesticides.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of two-step irradiance schedule on pain control during and clinical efficacy of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) -based photodynamic therapy (PDT) for moderate to severe acne.Methods:Sixty patients with moderate to severe acne were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology, the Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture from January 2018 to March 2019, and equally divided into 2 groups according to the order of treatment: control group receiving conventional irradiation at a light output intensity of 65 mW/cm 2 for 20 minutes, and observation group irradiated at an initial light output intensity of 40 mW/cm 2 for 8 minutes until the irradiation energy reached 20 J/cm 2, followed by irradiation at a light output intensity of 65 mW/cm 2 for 15 minutes until the total irradiation energy reached 78 J/cm 2. During the treatment, the irradiation intensity was appropriately adjusted according to the patients′ response, and all the patients were treated once every 2 weeks for 3 consecutive sessions. The time to onset of pain and pain scores at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and50 minutes after the start of irradiation were recorded and compared between the two groups; clinical efficacy was evaluated 1 month after the end of the treatment; other adverse reactions were recorded during the treatment and 3-month follow-up after the end of treatment. Results:The time to onset of pain was significantly different between the observation group (10.40 ± 1.13 minutes) and the control group (3.95 ± 0.77 minutes; t = 25.919, P < 0.05). During the treatment, the pain score significantly changed over time ( F = 323.631, P < 0.01), and significantly differed between the observation group and control group ( F = 89.338, P <0.01). Additionally, there was a significant interaction between the treatment duration and treatment methods ( F = 24.059, P < 0.01). At 5, 10 and 15 minutes after the start of irradiation, the pain score was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group ( t = 21.714, 28.407, 28.286 respectively, all P < 0.05) ; at 20 minutes, there was no significant difference in the pain score between the two groups ( t = 1.505, P > 0.05) ; at 25 minutes (that is, 2 and 5 minutes after the end of irradiation in the observation group and control group respectively), 30 minutes, 50 minutes (that is, the end of the cold compress), there was also no significant difference in the pain score between the two groups ( t = 0.606, 1.038, 0.344 respectively, all P > 0.05) ; at the end of irradiation (that is, 23 and 20 minutes after the start of irradiation in the observation group and control group respectively), there was still no significant difference in the pain score between the two groups ( t = 1.968, P = 0.149). One month after the 3 sessions of treatment, there was no significant difference in the response rate between the observation group (90%, 27/30) and control group (83.3%, 25/30; χ2 = 0.577, P = 0.706). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the incidence of blisters, erythema, edema, skin dryness, desquamation, pruritus, reactive acne or pigmentation between the two groups (all P > 0.05) . Conclusion:The two-step irradiance schedule can effectively control related pain during the treatment of moderate to severe acne with ALA-PDT, especially in the initial stage of treatment, making patients successfully complete 3 sessions of ALA-PDT treatment and ensuring the clinical efficacy.

Objective To establish a rapid method for the detection of SMCY antigen. Methods To Use the technology of colloidal gold immunochromatography with double antibody sandwich assay, the gold labeled pad was coated with colloidal gold labeled SMCY rabbit polyclonal antibody, colloidal gold strip was made for detection of serum, which include 12 serum samples of pig, cattle, dog, chicken and mice and 50 serum samples of human. Results The colloidal gold test strips showed obvious specificity in human and common animal sera and could distinguish between male and female sera. Conclusion This method can be used to identify the serum of women and men, and has certain species specificity, which provides a direction for forensic science to rapidly identify gender of human samples.

Objective This study investigated the application value of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and high risk of T2DM. Methods A total of 7 582 subjects aged 40-75 years were randomly selected and stratified based on the results of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) administered during a standard screening for T2DM in the Shougang community.Three anthropometric indices(WHtR,BMI,and WHR) were compared, with the optimal cutoffs for WHtR, BMI, and WHR identified using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis and the area under the curve(AUC)of ROC,the associations between BMI,WHR,and WHtR and T2DM were analyzed by group: normal glucose tolerance group (n= 3 080), T2DM high-risk group (n= 2 992 cases), and T2DM group(n=1 510).Results Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI,WHR,WHtR,and family history of diabetes were positively correlated with T2DM and high risk of T2DM(P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively);WHtR was most significant, with odds ratios of 90.409 and 69.285, respectively. WHtR had the greatest AUC under the ROC in men,whereas BMI had the greatest AUC in women.The optimal cutoffs values for the detection of T2DM were 0.51, 25.47 kg/m2, and 0.91 for WHtR, BMI, and WHR in men, respectively, and 0.52, 24.95 kg/m2, and 0.86 for WHtR, BMI, and WHR in women, respectively. WHtR was more efficient than WHR and BMI based on the AUC. The optimal cutoff values for detecting a high risk for T2DM were 0.51,25.30 kg/m2,and 0.91 for WHtR,BMI,and WHR in men and 0.51,24.81 kg/m2,and 0.86 for WHtR, BMI, and WHR in women, respectively. Conclusion Waist-to-height ratio may be a more effective index for diagnosing type 2 diabetes mellitus and identifying individuals at high risk for T2DM than BMI or WHR.

Adult ; China ; DNA Repeat Expansion ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; genetics ; Spinocerebellar Degenerations ; genetics ; physiopathology

Objective To understand the population,density,seasonal fluctuation and nocturnal pattern of malaria vectors in Jiangsu Province,thus to provide evidences for malaria elimination in this province. Methods Seven counties(cities,dis?tricts)were selected as the monitoring sites for malaria vectors in Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2015. The mosquitoes were cap?tured by human bait trapping in bed nets and mosquito?lured lamp overnight,and the seasonal fluctuation and nocturnal pattern of malaria vectors were observed. Results A total of 11 041 Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes were captured by the mosquito?lured lamps in 7 counties of Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2015,and no An. anthropophagous was found. Among all the 7 monitoring sites,the number of An. sinensis captured in Sihong County was the most(6 742 mosquitoes),while that in Xuyu County was the least(34 mosquitoes). During this period,the density peaks of An. sinensis were the first half of July,the first half of August and the second half of July. A total of 2 421 An. sinensis were collected in 7 monitoring sites from 2013 to 2015 by human bait trapping in bed nets overnight. Among all the 7 monitoring sites,the captured number of An. sinensis in Sihong County was the most(1 085 mosquitoes),while that in Ganyu County was the least(13 mosquitoes). The nocturnal peak of An. sinensis was from 19:00 to 20:00 and 525 An. sinensis mosquitoes were captured during this period of time,which accounted for 21.68%of the total. Hereafter,the captured number of An. sinensis reduced over time. Conclusion The density of An. sinensis mosquitoes is still high in individual areas in Jiangsu Province,so the epidemic and vector monitoring still should be strengthened to prevent the local transmission of imported malaria.