Objective: To analyze the risk factors of recurrence after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)，and establish a risk prediction model，so as to optimize the clinical detection and management of NMIBC. Methods: A total of 174 patients with initial diagnosis of NMIBC who underwent TURBT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University during Jan.2020 and Oct.2022 were followed up for 24 months，and were then divided into the recurrence group (n=74) and non-recurrence group (n=100).After univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression，risk factors of recurrence were identified，a nomogram was established，and the calibration curve was plotted，which was verified with receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The 2-year recurrence rate was 42.53%.Logistic regression showed high body mass index (BMI)，poor differentiation，multiple tumors，and tumor diameter greater than 3 cm were risk factors of recurrence (P<0.05，OR≥1)，while immediate postoperative intravesical instillation was a protective factor (P<0.05).The C-index of the nomogram was 0.893 (95%CI:0.851-0.938)，the area of ROC curve (AUC) was 0.894 (95%CI：0.847-0.941)，the sensitivity was 82.4%，and the specificity was 83.0%. Conclusion: The prediction model based on BMI，tumor stage，grade，number，diameter，and immediate postoperative intravesical instillation fits well and can provide reference for predicting the risk of tumor recurrence.

In cases where a tracheal injury exceeds half the length of the adult trachea or one-third of the length of the child trachea, it becomes difficult to perform end-to-end anastomosis after tracheal resection due to excessive tension at the anastomosis site. In such cases, tracheal replacement therapy is required. Advances in tissue engineering technology have led to the development of tissue engineering tracheal substitutes, which have promising applications. Hydrogels, which are highly hydrated and possess a good three-dimensional network structure, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, biodegradability, and modifiability, have had wide applications in the field of tissue engineering. This article provides a review of the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and effects of various hydrogels commonly used in tissue engineering trachea in recent years. Additionally, the article discusses and offers prospects for the future application of hydrogels in the field of tissue engineering trachea.

Objective:To discuss the clinical value of pan-immune inflammation index(PIV)in predicting the major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)within 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in the elderly patients with coronary heart disease,and to clarify the role of inflammatory response in postoperative recovery and prognosis of the patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:A total of 150 elderly patients with coronary heart disease who underwent PCI from July 2020 to August 2023 were selected as the research subjects;according to the occurrence of MACE within 1 year after operation,they were divided into MACE group(n=28)and non-MACE group(n=122);the baseline data and biochemical indicators of the patients were collected,and PIV was calculated;multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of MACE within 1 year after PCI in the elderly patients with coronary heart disease;receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of PIV for MACE within 1 year after PCI in the elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Results:Compared with non-MACE group,the levels of total cholesterol(TC)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),neutrophils(NEUT),platelets(PLT)counting and PIV in the patients in MACE group were significantly increased(P<0.05);there were no significant differences in other data between two groups(P>0.05).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that the levels of TC(OR=1.571,95％CI:1.088-2.270)and LDL-C(OR=32.506,95％CI:8.880-118.994)and PIV(OR=1.014,95％CI:1.010-1.019)were the influencing factors of MACE within 1 year after PCI in the elderly patients with coronary heart disease(P<0.05).The ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the ROC curve(AUC)of PIV for predicting MACE was 0.857(95％CI:0.762-0.951),the sensitivity was 0.821,the specificity was 0.959,the maximum Youden index was 0.780,and the best cut-off value was 778.805(P<0.01).Conclusion:PIV has important predictive value for MACE within 1 year after PCI in elderly patients with coronary heart disease.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features of a child with Lamb-Shaffer syndrome (LAMSHF) due to a variant of SOX5 gene. METHODS: A child who was admitted to Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University in July 2022 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the child was collected. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out on peripheral blood samples from the child and his parents, and candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. The study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University (Ethics No. 2024-K-100). RESULTS: The child, an one-year-and-seven-month-old male, has manifested delayed development in speech and language, intelligence and movement, in addition with mild facial deformities and eye signs. Whole exome sequencing revealed that he has harbored a heterozygous c.1828_1829insGACT (p.Y610fs*1) frameshifting variant of the SOX5 gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed the variant to be de novo in origin. The variant was also unreported previously. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the variant was rated as pathogenic (PVS1+PS2+PM2_supporting). CONCLUSION The c.1828_1829insGACT (p.Y610fs*1) variant of the SOX5 gene probably underlay the pathogenesis of LAMSHF in this child. For children with delayed mental, language, intellectual, and motor development, genetic testing should be conducted to facilitate early diagnosis. Above finding has enriched the mutational spectrum of the SOX5 gene.
Humans ; SOXD Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Male ; Infant ; Exome Sequencing ; Genetic Testing ; Mutation

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features, genetic characteristics in a child with Miller-McKusick-Malvaux syndrome (3MS) type 1 caused by CUL7 gene variant. METHODS: A child diagnosed with 3MS type 1 at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University in February 2021 was selected as the subject of this study. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the child and her parents for genomic DNA extraction. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the child, and Sanger sequencing was used to validate the candidate variants and analyze their pathogenicity. A literature search was conducted using the keywords "3M syndrome" in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and PubMed databases from inception to December 2024. The clinical data of Chinese children with 3MS reported in the literature were summarized. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University (Ethics No. 2024-K-020). RESULTS: The child was a 6-year-old and 2-month-old female with facial dysmorphism, skeletal abnormalities, and growth and developmental delay. WES revealed compound heterozygous variants in the CUL7 gene: c.2686G>T (p.E896*) and c.1200delT (p.R401Gfs66). Sanger sequencing confirmed that these two variants were inherited from the child's father and mother, respectively. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) Standards and Guidelines for the Interpretation of Sequence Variants, c.2686G>T (p.E896) was classified as a pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PM3), and c.1200delT (p.R401Gfs*66) was classified as a likely pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting). Based on the literature search strategy, 18 relevant articles were identified, including a total of 32 Chinese cases of 3MS, of which 8 were fetuses. A total of 32 Chinese 3MS cases were included in the literature review, of which 8 were fetuses. The majority of these cases carried variants in the CUL7 gene (20/32, 62.5%) and OBSL1 gene (12/32, 37.5%). The main clinical manifestations included intrauterine or postnatal growth and developmental delay (32/32, 100.0%), triangular facies (27/32, 84.3%), and skeletal abnormalities (21/32, 65.6%). CONCLUSION The compound heterozygous variants c.2686G>T (p.E896*) and c.1200delT (p.R401Gfs*66) in the CUL7 gene are likely the genetic cause of 3MS type 1 in the child. For children presenting with facial dysmorphism, skeletal abnormalities, and intrauterine or postnatal growth and developmental delay, 3MS should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
Humans ; Cullin Proteins/genetics* ; Female ; Child ; Limb Deformities, Congenital/genetics* ; Exome Sequencing ; Mutation ; Child, Preschool ; Dwarfism ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Spine/abnormalities*

Objective To analyze the current research application status and hotspots of nanoparticles in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and predict the future development trend. Methods The Web of Science database was searched for literatures on nanoparticles use in the treatment of NSCLC from inception to November 2022. CiteSpace, VOSviewer and literature measurement analysis online platform (https://bibliometric.com/) were used for the visual analysis of the number of documents, source journals, authors, organizations, countries and keywords. Results A total of 742 English literatures were included. The results showed that the number of published literatures increased year by year from 2011 and reached the peak in 2020. Researches on nanoparticles and NSCLC treatment were mainly concentrated in China, the United States, India and Japan. China is a major research country in this field, but it lacked cooperation with other countries and related institutions. Among numerous research institutions, the Chinese Academy of Sciences was the authoritative and backbone force in this research field, with the number of published literatures ranking first and the research achievements outstanding. The keyword analysis found that "poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (PLGA NPs)" and "photothermal therapy" had become the latest breakout words since 2018. Moreover, the occurrence frequency of related keywords such as "drug delivery" increased significantly, indicating that the application of PLGA NPs in photothermal therapy might be the current research hotspot and future development trend of NSCLC treatment. Conclusion Currently, the domestic research on the treatment of nanoparticles and NSCLC is in a leading position in the world. The organic combination of nanoparticles with different materials and other NSCLC therapies is expected to improve the prognosis of NSCLC patients. In the future, attempts to develop nanoparticles with different sources and structures and combined with photothermal therapy for the treatment of NSCLC may become a research hotspot of nanoparticles in the treatment of NSCLC.

Objective To analyze the current development of researches on biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer and to provide reference for subsequent studies. Methods Studies on biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection from 2017 to 2021 were searched by computer. The annual distribution, journals, authors, countries, institutions, and keywords of studies were visualized and analyzed by CiteSpace. Results A total of 426 studies were collected, including 298 articles and 128 reviews. The average number of published studies was about 85, and increased year by year. PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden, tumor microenvironment and liquid biopsy were hot keywords in this field. Conclusion In the future, combination of biomarkers in the liquid biopsy and tumor microenvironment with radiomics analysis will be the research hotspot and frontier in this field for more accurate assessment with tumor-related signatures such as lymphocytic immune status and characteristics of tumor lesions in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Yiqi Wenyang Huwei decoction （YWHD） on airway inflammation in bronchial asthma （BA） rats based on transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）/SMAD family member 3 （Smad3） signaling pathway. MethodSixty male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， a dexamethasone （DEX） group， and low-， medium-， and high-dose YWHD groups， with 10 rats in each group. The BA model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL of ovalbumin （OVA）-aluminum hydroxide suspension for sensitization， followed by nebulization with 2% OVA. One hour before daily OVA nebulization， the control group was treated with saline， the DEX group with DEX solution at 0.2 g·L^-1， and the low-， medium-， and high-dose YWHD groups with YWHD at 1， 2， 4 g·mL^-1， respectively. General conditions and lung function were observed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and serum were collected to count inflammatory cells in BALF and measure immunoglobulin E （IgE） levels in serum and inflammatory cytokines in BALF using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Pathological changes in lung tissues， collagen deposition， and airway mucus secretion were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE）， Masson， and periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） staining. TGF-β₁/Smad3-related mRNA and protein levels in lung tissues were determined by Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain translation （Real-time PCR） and Western blot analysis. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed increased total airway resistance （RL） and decreased dynamic compliance （Cdyn） （P<0.05， P<0.01）， elevated serum IgE levels， increased inflammatory cell counts， and higher inflammatory cytokine levels in BALF （P<0.01）. Additionally， there was significant inflammatory cell infiltration， collagen deposition， and mucus secretion in lung tissues. The levels of TGF-β₁， α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， and Smad3 phosphorylation in lung tissues were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the DEX group and high-dose YWHD group exhibited significantly reduced RL （P<0.01）， improved lung dynamic compliance （P<0.05）， and lower serum IgE levels， inflammatory cell counts， and inflammatory cytokine levels in BALF （P<0.05）. Moreover， these treatments alleviated pathological damage in lung tissues and reduced the levels of TGF-β₁， α-SMA， and Smad3 phosphorylation （P<0.01）. ConclusionYWHD reduces airway inflammation， improves pathological damage， and mitigates airway remodeling in bronchial asthma rats， possibly by downregulating TGF-β₁， α-SMA protein levels， and Smad3 phosphorylation.

Objective To explore the feasibility of the multiplexed sensitivity encoding diffusion weighted imaging(MUSE-DWI)sequence in neck MRI,and to compare with traditional single-shot echo-planar imaging diffusion weighted imaging(SS-EPI-DWI)sequence.Methods Thirty healthy volunteers underwent MUSE-DWI and SS-EPI-DWI sequences scanning in neck.Two groups of images were independently scored by two radiologists for magnetic sensitivity artifact,chemical shift artifact,geometric distortion and overall image quality.The noise,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of the regions of interest(ROI)of the two groups of images were measured and compared on the nasopharyngeal fossa layer,parotid gland layer,glottic layer and thyroid layer.Results Qualitative analysis showed that the image quality scores of MUSE-DWI sequence were significantly better than those of SS-EPI-DWI sequence in terms of magnetic sensitivity artifact,chemical shift artifact,geometric distortion and overall image quality(P<0.001).Quantitative analysis showed that the noise values of ROIs of MUSE-DWI sequence were significantly lower than those of SS-EPI-DWI sequence(P<0.001).The SNR and CNR of ROIs of MUSE-DWI sequence were higher than those of SS-EPI-DWI sequence(P<0.001).Conclusion MUSE-DWI sequence can significantly reduce geometric distortion,magnetic sensitivity artifact and chemical shift artifact,and SNR and CNR of images are significantly increased compared with SS-EPI-DWI sequence,which is more suitable for neck MRI scanning.