In cases where a tracheal injury exceeds half the length of the adult trachea or one-third of the length of the child trachea, it becomes difficult to perform end-to-end anastomosis after tracheal resection due to excessive tension at the anastomosis site. In such cases, tracheal replacement therapy is required. Advances in tissue engineering technology have led to the development of tissue engineering tracheal substitutes, which have promising applications. Hydrogels, which are highly hydrated and possess a good three-dimensional network structure, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, biodegradability, and modifiability, have had wide applications in the field of tissue engineering. This article provides a review of the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and effects of various hydrogels commonly used in tissue engineering trachea in recent years. Additionally, the article discusses and offers prospects for the future application of hydrogels in the field of tissue engineering trachea.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a highly aggressive hematologic malignancy with a poor prognosis, despite advancements in treatment. Many patients struggle with relapse or refractory disease. Investigating the role of the super-enhancer (SE) regulated gene ubiquitin-specific protease 20 (USP20) in T-ALL could enhance targeted therapies and improve clinical outcomes. Analysis of histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data from six T-ALL cell lines and seven pediatric samples identified USP20 as an SE-regulated driver gene. Utilizing the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and BloodSpot databases, it was found that USP20 is specifically highly expressed in T-ALL. Knocking down USP20 with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) increased apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in T-ALL cells. In vivo studies showed that USP20 knockdown reduced tumor growth and improved survival. The USP20 inhibitor GSK2643943A demonstrated similar anti-tumor effects. Mass spectrometry, RNA-Seq, and immunoprecipitation revealed that USP20 interacted with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A) and stabilized it by deubiquitination. Cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag) results indicated that USP20 co-localized with HIF1A, jointly modulating target genes in T-ALL. This study identifies USP20 as a therapeutic target in T-ALL and suggests GSK2643943A as a potential treatment strategy.

Ventriculostomy drainage is one of the commonly used surgical techniques in neurocritical care, which can relieve intracranial hypertension and facilitate postoperative cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial pressure monitoring. By placing a drainage tube in the ventricle, blood and fluid accumulation within the ventricle are drained out of the brain, reducing intracranial pressure and preventing brain tissue damage. Clinically, the speed of ventriculostomy drainage is often controlled by measuring the height difference between the drainage opening and the plane of the ventricle, ensuring the safe and effective reduction of intracranial pressure, facilitating the implementation of clinical management plans, and preventing complications. However, how to easily, safely, and effectively measure the height difference between the drainage opening and the ventricular plane remains a challenge in nursing management. Currently, clinical practice often uses a tape measure to measure the height of the ventriculostomy drainage, a process that is cumbersome and time-consuming and susceptible to human error, leading to inaccurate measurements. However, the challenge of easily, safely, and effectively detecting the height difference between the drainage opening and the ventricular plane remains a difficult problem in nursing management. To address this issue, the medical and nursing staff of the intensive care unit (ICU) at Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, jointly designed a novel ventriculostomy drainage height measurement device, which has been granted a national utility model patent (patent number: ZL 2022 2 1400920.9). This device can be easily and securely fixed to an infusion stand. Using a level within the horizontal measuring part and a rotational structure, the vertical measuring part of the device is adjusted to be perpendicular to the ground. After opening the limit clip, the horizontal part is manually guided down to the appropriate height. The front end of the horizontal measuring part is then extended towards the patient's head, and after confirming the position, the limit clip is closed. At this point, the horizontal height difference between the drainage opening and the ventricular plane can be accurately measured. When temporarily finishing the height measurement of the drainage tube, the device can be folded and stored by retracting the horizontal measuring part and rotating components. This measuring device has a simple operation process, which can improve the accuracy and reliability of the drainage height measurement, enhance treatment outcomes and patient safety, reduce the workload of nursing staff, and has certain clinical promotion and practical value.
Humans ; Ventriculostomy/methods* ; Drainage/instrumentation* ; Equipment Design ; Cerebral Ventricles

Objective:To observe the effectiveness and safety of the application of Wei nasal jet tube(WNJT)in anesthesia induction for patients with extensive facial burns.Methods:A total of 60 patients who underwent multiple systemic scab removal and skin graft-ing surgery in our hospital from July 2021 to July 2023 were enrolled in this study.The patients were 18-60 years of age,with a body mass index of 18-29 kg/m2,ASA II or III,and Mallampati I-III.Using a random number table method,the patients were divided into WNJT ventilation group(W group)and mask ventilation group(M group),with 30 cases in each group.Before anesthesia induction,WNJT was inserted into one side of the nasal cavity for hand controlled normal frequency supraglottic jet ventilation in group W pa-tients,while oxygen ventilation was administered to group M patients through conventional two-hand clasped face masks.After 5 min,tracheal intubation was performed under a visual laryngoscope.The mean amplitude of diaphragm fluctuations,end expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure(PETCO2),and blood oxygen saturation(SpO2)measured by ultrasound were recorded during spontaneous respi-ration at 5 min of oxygenation and nitrogen removal(T0),as well as at 1 min(T1),2 min(T2),3 min(T3),4 min(T4),and 5 min(T5,im-mediately before intubation)of anesthetic induction.Arterial blood gas(PaO2 and PaCO2)at T0 and T5 were measured.Heart rate(HR)and mean arterial pressure(MAP)were recorded at T0-T5 in both groups of patients.The occurrence of postoperative pharyngeal pain,facial or mandibular angle bleeding,gastrointestinal bloating,and nasal mucosal bleeding were recorded in both groups of pa-tients.Results:At T0,there were no statistically significant differences in mean amplitude of diaphragm fluctuations,HR,MAP,PaO2,PaCO2,PETCO2,and SpO2 between the two groups of patients.At T1-T5,the HR and MAP of patients in the W group were significantly lower than those in the M group(P<0.05).At T5,the PaO2 of patients in the W group was significantly higher than that in the M group,while the PaCO2 and PETCO2 were significantly lower than those in the M group(P<0.05).However,the difference in SpO2 was not sta-tistically significant.The W group had less facial or mandibular angle bleeding and postoperative gastrointestinal bloating than the M group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients in postoperative pharyngitis and nasal mucosal bleeding(P>0.05).Conclusion:During general anesthesia induction in patients with extensive facial burns,WNJT has the advantages of good ventilation effect,high safety,less complications such as gas-trointestinal bloating and facial or mandibular angle bleeding,and more stable hemodynamics.WNJT has good application prospects in clinical anesthesia.

BACKGROUND:microRNA-26b(miR-26b)plays an important regulatory role in a variety of stem cell functions,but its effects on the biological properties of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are unknown. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of miR-26b on the proliferation,migration and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and identified.miR-26 mimics(experimental group)and miRNAs mimics control(control group)were used to transfect above mentioned two kinds of cells and construct overexpressed models for subsequent experiments.CCK-8 assay was applied to detect the proliferation ability of overexpressed miR-26b cells.Transwell and scratch assay were employed to analyze the migration ability of overexpressed miR-26b cells.RT-qPCR was utilized to examine the expression of osteogenic markers after osteogenic induction of overexpressed miR-26b cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Transfection of miR-26b mimics increased miR-26b expression in the two kinds of cells and promoted the proliferation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth,with no significant effect on the amplification of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.(2)Compared with the control group,the migration ability was enhanced after two types of cells overexpressing miR-26b.(3)miR-26b expression decreased during osteogenic differentiation of the two kinds of cells.(4)Compared with the control group,the levels of osteogenesis-related genes osteocalcin,osteopontin,alkaline phosphatase,and human type I collagen mRNA were downregulated after overexpression of miR-26b in the two kinds of cells.The results showed that overexpression of miR-26b promoted the proliferation and migration of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth and inhibited their osteogenic differentiation;it promoted the migration of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and inhibited their osteogenic differentiation,but had no significant effects on their proliferation.

Objective To analyze the current development of researches on biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer and to provide reference for subsequent studies. Methods Studies on biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection from 2017 to 2021 were searched by computer. The annual distribution, journals, authors, countries, institutions, and keywords of studies were visualized and analyzed by CiteSpace. Results A total of 426 studies were collected, including 298 articles and 128 reviews. The average number of published studies was about 85, and increased year by year. PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden, tumor microenvironment and liquid biopsy were hot keywords in this field. Conclusion In the future, combination of biomarkers in the liquid biopsy and tumor microenvironment with radiomics analysis will be the research hotspot and frontier in this field for more accurate assessment with tumor-related signatures such as lymphocytic immune status and characteristics of tumor lesions in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors and prognostic value of the textbook outcome (TO) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection.Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study. A total of 253 patients with AGC who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy in the Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from January 2010 to December 2019 were retrospectively included. There were 195 males and 58 females, aged (60.3±10.0) years (range: 27 to 75 years). The patients were then divided into the TO group ( n=168) and the non-TO group ( n=85). Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent predictors of TO. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were used to analyze independent prognosis factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Propensity score matching was performed to balance the TO and non-TO groups, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates and draw survival curves. Results:Among the 253 patients, 168 patients (66.4%) achieved TO. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score ( OR=0.488, 95% CI: 0.278 to 0.856, P=0.012) and ypN stage ( OR=0.626, 95% CI:0.488 to 0.805, P<0.01) were independently predictive of TO. Multivariate analysis revealed that TO was an independent risk factor for both OS ( HR=0.662, 95% CI: 0.457 to 0.959, P=0.029) and DFS ( HR=0.687, 95% CI: 0.483 to 0.976, P=0.036). After matching, the 5-year OS rate (42.2% vs. 27.8%) and the 5-year DFS rate (37.5% vs. 27.8%) were significantly higher in the TO group than in the non-TO group (both P<0.05). Furthermore, patients in the non-TO group benefited significantly from postoperative chemotherapy (both P<0.05), but those in the TO group did not (both P>0.05). Conclusion:TO is an independent prognosis factor in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery for AGC and is associated with postoperative chemotherapy benefits.

Objective:To explore the clinical outcomes of locking compression plating (LCP) in the treatment of periprosthetic fracture (PPF) of the distal femur in the aged patients.Methods:A retrospective study was performed to analyze the 31 aged patients who had been treated at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital to Nantong University for PPF of the distal femur with LCP between June 2012 and May 2023. There were 27 females and 4 males with an age of (80.2±6.1) years. According to the Unified Classification System (UCS), 18 PPFs were classified as type Ⅴ.3B1 and 6 PPFs as type Ⅴ.3B2 after total knee arthroplasty and 7 PPFs as type Ⅳ.3C after total hip arthroplasty. The patients were fixated with a lateral single plate in 25 cases, and with lateral and medial dual plates in 6 cases. The surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time, postoperative weight-bearing time, fracture healing time, and knee joint function and complications during follow-up were recorded.Results:For the 25 patients undergoing fixation with a lateral single plate, the surgical time was (58.7±7.9) minutes, the intraoperative blood loss (78.0±15.1) mL, the hospitalization time (6.9±1.6) days, the postoperative weight-bearing time (5.9±1.4) days, and the follow-up time 37 (15, 51) months. For the 6 patients undergoing fixation with lateral and medial dual plates, the surgical time was (186.6±9.8) minutes, the intraoperative blood loss (1,256.7±231.2) mL, the hospitalization time (17.8±3.3) days, the postoperative weight-bearing time (3.6±0.6) days, and the follow-up time 17 (16, 21) months. The fracture healing time was (14.9±2.0) and (18.7±2.6) weeks, respectively, for patients fixed with single and double steel plates. By the scoring criteria of the American Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), the knee joint function was evaluated at the last follow-up as excellent in 10 cases and as good in 15 cases for the 25 patients undergoing fixation with a lateral single plate, and as good for all the 6 patients undergoing fixation with lateral and medial dual plates. No patient experienced such complications as incision infection, bone nonunion, or internal fixation failure during the follow-up period.Conclusions:LCP fixation can achieve satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of PPF of the distal femur in the aged patients. As fixation with a single lateral femoral plate is suitable for most of the aged patients with PPF of the distal femur, it can be used as the first choice. Fixation with dual plates can provide stronger stability, but its indications should be strictly controlled.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors and prognostic value of the textbook outcome (TO) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection.Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study. A total of 253 patients with AGC who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy in the Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from January 2010 to December 2019 were retrospectively included. There were 195 males and 58 females, aged (60.3±10.0) years (range: 27 to 75 years). The patients were then divided into the TO group ( n=168) and the non-TO group ( n=85). Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent predictors of TO. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were used to analyze independent prognosis factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Propensity score matching was performed to balance the TO and non-TO groups, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates and draw survival curves. Results:Among the 253 patients, 168 patients (66.4%) achieved TO. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score ( OR=0.488, 95% CI: 0.278 to 0.856, P=0.012) and ypN stage ( OR=0.626, 95% CI:0.488 to 0.805, P<0.01) were independently predictive of TO. Multivariate analysis revealed that TO was an independent risk factor for both OS ( HR=0.662, 95% CI: 0.457 to 0.959, P=0.029) and DFS ( HR=0.687, 95% CI: 0.483 to 0.976, P=0.036). After matching, the 5-year OS rate (42.2% vs. 27.8%) and the 5-year DFS rate (37.5% vs. 27.8%) were significantly higher in the TO group than in the non-TO group (both P<0.05). Furthermore, patients in the non-TO group benefited significantly from postoperative chemotherapy (both P<0.05), but those in the TO group did not (both P>0.05). Conclusion:TO is an independent prognosis factor in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery for AGC and is associated with postoperative chemotherapy benefits.