Objective: To investigate the correlation between peripheral blood CD4 T lymphocyte subsets and delayed graft function (DGF) and short-term prognosis in kidney transplant recipients, so as to help optimize preoperative assessment for kidney transplantation and provide insights into the immune mechanisms of DGF. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 103 kidney transplant recipients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University during Jun.2022 and Oct.2023. A total of 61 recipients were finally included in this study, and were categorized into two groups based on postoperative renal function recovery：the DGF group (n=20) and the immediate graft function (IGF) group (n=41).Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportions and absolute counts of various CD4 T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood on postoperative day 7.The clinical data and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets between the two groups were compared.For the subsets that exhibited significant differences, the correlation between their proportions and absolute counts and serum creatinine (Scr) levels on postoperative day 7 was further analyzed in the DGF group.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the predictive performance of the most strongly correlated CD4 T lymphocyte subset in terms of proportion and absolute count for short-term renal function. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the proportions and absolute counts of Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Treg) between the DGF and IGF groups (P>0.05).The proportions and absolute counts of follicular helper T cells (Tfh) and PD-1 Tfh cells were significantly higher in the DGF group than in the IGF group (P＜0.000 1). The Scr levels at 1 month and 1 year postoperatively were significantly higher in the DGF group than in the IGF group (P＜0.01), while the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was significantly lower in the DGF group compared with the IGF group (P＜0.01, P=0.02).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the proportions and absolute counts of Tfh and PD-1 Tfh cell subsets were positively correlated with the Scr level on post-operative day 7 in the DGF group (P＜0.05).The ROC curve demonstrated that the AUC for the proportion of PD-1 Tfh cells in predicting Scr and eGFR at 1 month after surgery was 0.73(95%CI:0.61-0.86) and 0.75 (95%CI:0.62-0.88), respectively.Additionally, the AUC for predicting Scr and eGFR at 1 year was 0.72(95%CI:0.59-0.86) and 0.70(95%CI:0.58-0.83), respectively. Conclusion: The increase in the proportions and absolute counts of Tfh and PD-1 Tfh cells is associated with postoperative DGF of renal transplant recipients, and the proportion of PD-1 Tfh cells may help predict the short-term renal function of recipients.

Bile duct injuries can be classified into iatrogenic and non-iatrogenic categories.Non-iatrogenic bile duct injuries include immune,infectious,vascular,ischemic,genetic,idiopathic,and neoplastic causes.After injury,the biliary epithelial cells undergo closely linked pathological processes,such as inflammatory repair,epithelial regeneration,and fibrous repair.These processes interact with inflammatory and stromal cells through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms,coordinating the repair process to maintain the structural and functional integrity of the bile ducts.In the absence of effective intervention,bile duct injuries can lead to bile leakage,biliary strictures,and even progress to cirrhosis,severely affecting the patient's quality of life.Currently,treating bile duct injuries is no longer limited to traditional surgical methods but also includes non-surgical treatments such as immune modulation,bile acid regulation,and gut microbiota adjustment.With the development of medical technology,novel treatments such as gene therapy,stem cell/organoid technology,and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/tissue-engineered scaffolds are gaining attention and are expected to become effective treatment options for bile duct injuries in the future.This review focuses on the etiology and pathological mechanisms during the repair process of bile duct injuries and summarizes existing and potential treatment approaches,providing a reference for future research and clinical management of bile duct injuries.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of Wenyang Yiqi Therapy,the method of warming yang and replenishing qi in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),combined with Alendronate Sodium Vitamin D3 in the treatment of elderly patients with osteoporosis(OP)of the spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome,and to observe its effect on bone metabolism and serum inflammatory factors.Methods A total of 110 cases of elderly patients with OP of spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome who admitted to the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital from October 2021 to October 2023 were randomly divided into a trial group and a control group,with 55 patients in each group.The two groups were treated with Alendronate Sodium Vitamin D3,and additionally the trial group was treated with Wenyang Yiqi Therapy by using Chinese herbal medicines of Epimedii Folium,Astragali Radix,Ostreae Concha,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Cyathulae Radix,Psoraleae Fructus,Taxilli Herba,etc.The course of treatment for the two groups covered three months.Before and after treatment,the two groups were observed in the changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,bone mineral density(BMD),Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score of pain,bone metabolism indicators of β-C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen(β-CTX),total procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide(PINP)and bone gla-protein(BGP),and serum inflammatory factor indicators of interleukin 6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)].After treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups of patients was evaluated.Results(1)After three months of treatment,the total effective rate of the trial group was 94.55%(52/55)and that of the control group was 74.55%(41/55),and the intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the efficacy of the trial group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P<0.01).(2)After treatment,the scores of TCM symptoms of soreness and weakness in the waist and knee,aversion of cold with cold limbs,fatigue and tiredness,and nocturnal frequent polyuria in the two groups were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.01).(3)After treatment,the BMD of patients in the two groups were increased(P<0.05)while the pain VAS scores were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the increase in BMD and the decrease in pain VAS score of the trial group were significantly superior to that of the control group(P<0.01).(4)After treatment,the serum levels of bone metabolism indicators of β-CTX and PINP in the two groups were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the serum BGP level was increased compared with that before treatment(P<0.05).And the decrease of the serum β-CTX and PINP levels as well as the increase of the serum BGP levels in the trial group were significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.01).(5)After treatment,the serum levels of inflammatory factors of IL-6 and TNF-αof patients in the two groups were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.01).Conclusion Wenyang Yiqi Therapy combined with Alendronate Sodium Vitamin D3 exerts certain efficacy in the treatment of elderly patients with OP of spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome.The combined therapy is effective on alleviating the symptoms such as soreness in the waist and legs,improving bone metabolism,increasing BMD,and inhibiting the inflammatory responses,which will provide evidence for the clinical treatment.

Bile duct injuries can be classified into iatrogenic and non-iatrogenic categories.Non-iatrogenic bile duct injuries include immune,infectious,vascular,ischemic,genetic,idiopathic,and neoplastic causes.After injury,the biliary epithelial cells undergo closely linked pathological processes,such as inflammatory repair,epithelial regeneration,and fibrous repair.These processes interact with inflammatory and stromal cells through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms,coordinating the repair process to maintain the structural and functional integrity of the bile ducts.In the absence of effective intervention,bile duct injuries can lead to bile leakage,biliary strictures,and even progress to cirrhosis,severely affecting the patient's quality of life.Currently,treating bile duct injuries is no longer limited to traditional surgical methods but also includes non-surgical treatments such as immune modulation,bile acid regulation,and gut microbiota adjustment.With the development of medical technology,novel treatments such as gene therapy,stem cell/organoid technology,and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/tissue-engineered scaffolds are gaining attention and are expected to become effective treatment options for bile duct injuries in the future.This review focuses on the etiology and pathological mechanisms during the repair process of bile duct injuries and summarizes existing and potential treatment approaches,providing a reference for future research and clinical management of bile duct injuries.

ObjectiveTo observe the effectiveness and safety of the Chinese herbal medicine Mingshi Granules （明视方颗粒） for low myopia in children with heart yang insufficiency. MethodsA multicentre， prospective， double-blind randomised controlled study was conducted， in which 290 children with low myopia from 8 centres were randomly divided into 145 cases in the treatment group and 145 cases in the control group， and the treatment group was given education， dispensing glasses， and Chinese herbal medicine Mingshi Granules， while the control group was given education， dispensing glasses， and granules placebo. Both Mingshi Granules and placebo granules were taken orally， 1 bag each time， twice daily， 4 weeks of oral intake and 2 weeks of rest as 1 course of treatment， a total of 4 courses of treatment （24 weeks）. Equivalent spherical lenses， best naked-eye distance visual acuity， ocular axis， corneal curvature K1， adjustment amplitude， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom scores， calculate the amount of progression of equivalent spherical lenses， were observed at the 12th and the 24th week of treatment， at the 36th week and 48th week of follow-up， resectively， the control rate of myopia progression was evaluated at the 24th week， and safety indexes were observed before treatment. ResultsThe amount of progression of equivalent spherical lenses was lower in the treatment group than in the control group at the 48-week follow-up （P＜0.05）. The control rate of myopia progression at 24 weeks after treatment in the treatment group was higher （57.60%， 72/125） than that in the control group （44.63%， 54/121） （P＜0.05）. The best naked-eye distance visual acuity at 36-week follow-up in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group （P＜0.05）. Equivalent spherical lenses were significantly lower in both groups at all observation time points compared with pre-treatment （P＜0.05）， and were higher in the treatment group than in the control group at the 48-week follow-up （P＜0.05）. The ocular axes of both groups were significantly higher at each observation time point after treatment and at follow-up compared with before treatment （P＜0.05）. The amount of eye axis growth in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group at 24 weeks after treatment and at the 48-week follow-up （P＜0.05）. Corneal curvature K1 was significantly lower in the treatment group at the 24th week of treatment compared to pre-treatment （P＜0.05）. The magnitude of adjustment in the treatment group was significantly higher at the 36-week follow-up and at the 48-week follow-up than before treatment （P＜0.05）. The scores of white/dark complexion， white coating thin pulse， fatigue and total TCM symptom scores of children in both groups at the 12th， 24th， 36th and 48th weeks of follow-up were significantly lower than those before treatment （P＜0.05）； the scores of blurred vision at the 24th and 36th weeks of follow-up were significantly lower than those before treatment （P＜0.05）； and the scores of blurred vision in the treatment group at the 48th week of follow-up were signi-ficantly lower than those before treatment （P＜0.05）. In the treatment group， the score of fatigue was higher than that of the control group at the 36-week follow-up， and the score of blurred vision was lower than that of the control group at the 48-week follow-up （P＜0.05）. No adverse reactions or obvious abnormalities of the safety indexes were observed of the two groups during the treatment. ConclusionChinese herbal medicine Mingshi Granules showed the effect of controlling the progression of low myopia， improving the best naked eye distance visual acuity， slowing down the growth of the eye axis， improving some of the TCM symptoms， with good safety.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of femoral acetabular impingement (FAI) in athletes.Methods:A total of 18 FAI athletes (athlete group) who underwent hip arthroscopy in the Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital from April 2014 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 12 males and 6 females, aged 20.44±3.45 years (range, 15-27 years). According to gender, age, body mass index and follow-up time, 36 non-athlete FAI patients (non-athlete group) were matched at a ratio of 1∶2 by propensity score matching method. There were 18 males and 18 females, aged 20.81±4.68 years (range 14-31 years). The hip pain visual analogue scale (VAS), modified Harris hip score (mHHS), hip outcome score-activity of daily living scale (HOS-ADL) and hip outcome score-sports scale (HOS-SS) scores were compared between the two groups before and after surgery. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) were also compared between the two groups.Results:All patients successfully completed the surgery and were followed up for 33.56±19.20 months (range, 24-77 months). The VAS score at the last follow-up decreased from 6.22±1.52 points before surgery to 1.28±1.67 points in the athletes group, and decreased from 6.28±1.37 points before surgery to 1.67±1.69 points in the non-athletes group. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The mHHS score at the last follow-up increased from 65.53±12.90 points before surgery to 92.28±13.59 points in the athletes group, and increased from 61.01±11.96 points before surgery to 86.82±11.98 points in the non-athletes group. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The HOS-ADL score at the last follow-up increased from 72.77±18.86 points before surgery to 94.00±11.36 points in the athletes group, and increased from 70.35±13.12 points before surgery to 90.78±9.36 points in non-athletes group. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The HOS-SS score at the last follow-up increased from 49.77±22.93 points before surgery to 87.28±17.62 points in the athletes group, and increased from 44.08±19.66 before surgery to 72.57±20.16 in the non-athletes group. The HOS-SS scores in the athletes group at the last follow-up were higher than those in the non-athletes group ( P<0.05). Furthermore, 61% (11/18) in the athletes group achieved MCID in HOS-ADL after surgery, which was lower than the non-athletes group's 81% (31/36), with a statistically significant difference (χ 2=4.339, P=0.037). Conclusion:Hip arthroscopy in the treatment of FAI in athletes can achieve satisfactory pain relief and motor function.

Objective To explore the effect of hyperlipidemia and lipid-lowering therapy on the prognosis of postoperative patients with hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of the patients with hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma who were operated in our hospital from January 2012 to January 2021 were retrospectively collected.The effect of blood lipid level and related lipid-lowering therapy on the prognosis of postoperative patients with hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma was analyzed.Results Among 166 patients with hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma,there were 63 cases had hyperlipidemia,of which 33 cases were treated by statins.The median postoperative disease free survival time in the hyperlipidemia group was significantly lower than that in the normal blood lipid group(24.8 months vs.38.5 months,P＜0.05),and the median overall survival time in the hyperlipidemia group was also significantly lower than that in the normal blood lipid group(30.1 months vs.44.5 months,P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in prognosis between the patients with hyperlipidemia who used statins or not.The median disease free survival time was 23.4 months vs.26.3 months,and the median overall survival time was 29.7 months vs.30.3 months.Conclusions Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for disease free survival and overall survival after surgery in the patients with hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma.The use of statins alone in hyperlipidemia patients cannot reduce the risk of recurrence and prolong survival time.

Objective:To construct Risk factor assessment table for hyperoxemia in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery based on Delphi method, providing a basis for early prediction and assessment of the risk of hyperoxemia in patients after cardiac surgery. Methods:A research team was established. Based on the characteristics of extracorporeal circulation cardiac surgery, the Chinese and English literature published by each database until October 2022 was retrieved and the opinions of relevant professional clinicians were combined to screen the risk factors of hyperoxemia in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery, and the preliminary draft of the Risk factor assessment table for hyperoxemia in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery was drawn up. The Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert letter consultation to supplement and improve the initial draft and finally established the final draft of the Risk factor assessment table for hyperoxemia in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery. Results:The preliminary draft of the Risk factor assessment table for hyperoxemia in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery was constructed according to the literature review and the opinions of relevant professional clinicians, which contained 4 dimensions and 21 items. A total of 14 experts were consulted by letter, including 5 senior titles and 9 associate senior titles. Six of them major in critical care and the other eight major in cardiovascular surgery. The effective response rates for the two rounds of questionnaire surveys were 100% and 85.71%, expert familiarity levels were 0.81 and 0.80, judgment coefficients were 0.94 and 0.92, respectively. Expert authority coefficients were both 0.86. Coefficients of variation for the importance and feasibility items in the two rounds ranged from 0.13 to 0.32 and 0.11 to 0.32, 0.06 to 0.26 and 0.06 to 0.35, respectively. The Kendall's W for importance and feasibility in the two rounds were 0.264 and 0.162, and 0.258 and 0.144 respectively, indicating statistically significant (all P < 0.05). After two rounds of expert consultations, a comprehensive evaluation and selection process resulted in the final establishment of the Risk factor assessment table for hyperoxemia in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery, consisting of 4 dimensions and 23 items, which included general data, past history, operation-related data and postoperative data. Conclusion:The Risk factor assessment table for hyperoxemia in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery based on the Delphi method is highly scientific and feasible, which can provide reference for clinical assessments of the risk of hyperoxemia in such patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between polymorphisms of MTHFR(1298A>C) and MTHFR (677C>T) and the blood concentration and adverse reactions of methotrexate(MTX). METHODS A total of 185 children with acutelymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) admitted to Shanghai Children′s Hospital from October 2014 to December 2021 were selected to collect laboratory test indicators such as MTHFR(1298A>C) and MTHFR(677C>T) genotype, adverse reactions, and blood concentration. RESULTS The overall incidence of adverse reactions after using MTX in 185 children was 95.1%. The incidence of adverse reactions between the two genotypes of MTHFR(A1298C) was not statistically significant, except for the difference in neutropenia(P=0.006); the incidence of adverse reactions in ALL children with three genotypes of MTHFR(C677T) was not statistically significant except for neutropenia(P=0.041/0.012), gastrointestinal reactions(P=0.037/0.011), and mucosal toxicity(P=0.039/0.016); there was a statistically significant difference in MTX plasma concentration among ALL patients with three genotypes of MTHFR(C677T) at 24 h(P=0.021); there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of calcium folinate doubling rescue among ALL patients with three genotypes of MTHFR(677C>T)(P=0.007/0.002). CONCLUSION Polymorphisms in MTHFR(1298A>C) and MTHFR(677C>T) may not be good indicators for predicting MTX chemotherapy in children with ALL. The importance of doubling rescue is emphasized, as doubling rescue can significantly reduce the incidence of such adverse reactions in children with high incidence of mucosal toxicity and bone marrow toxicity.

Objective To explore the early clinical outcomes of periacetabular osteotomy(PAO) in treating developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH) in athletes.Methods A retrospective study was con-ducted on four active or retired athletes(two left and three right hips) diagnosed as DDH and undergo-ing PAO surgery at the Department of Sports Medicine of Peking University Third Hospital between January 2022 and October 2023.Among them,three received unilateral hip surgeries,while the rest one underwent bilateral surgery.The four patients had an average age of 27.25±4.97 years and a body mass index(BMI) of 23.91±2.07 kg/m2.Then their pre-and post-operative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores,modified Harris hip score(mHHS),hip outcome score activity of daily living(HOS-ADL) scores,and hip outcome score-sports scale(HOS-SS) scores were recorded and compared.Re-sults All patients went through the surgery successfully and completed the follow-up.Three of them were followed for 12 months,and the rest one for 8 months.After the operation,their average scores of mHHS,VAS,HOS-ADL and HOS-SS were 62.82±13.92,6.00±2.74,62.60±13.13 and 53.60±13.46,respectively,significantly higher than those before the operation,95.16±3.17,1.60±0.89,94.40±5.50,and 85.20±22.43 (P<0.05).Among the three active athletes,two patients (three hips) returned to competitive sports,with an average return-to-sport time of 9.7 months.Con-clusion PAO demonstrates good early clinical outcomes in treating DDH in athletes.