Gaucher disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) being a rare complication. Here we present a case of type I Gaucher disease complicated with MPGN to improve the understanding of this disease. For patients presenting with abdominal distension, hepatosplenomegaly and myelofibrosis, Gaucher disease should be considered to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. The detection of β-glucosidase, genetic mutation analysis and histopathological examination can play crucial roles in the diagnosis of Gaucher disease. Treatment with glucocorticoids combination with immunosuppressants can improve patient's prognosis.

BACKGROUND:Urolithin B plays an important role in regulating the body's immune response and has antioxidant,anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties.Notably,urolithin B has been reported to have inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation of Raw 264.7 cells.However,a more comprehensive understanding of its specific mechanism of action in the context of osteoclast differentiation in bone is worth exploring.Systematic research on the regulatory mechanisms of osteoclast overactivation can help to explore new therapeutic targets,screen and develop safer and more effective therapeutic drugs,and provide new ideas to block the overactivation of osteoclasts. OBJECTIVE:By establishing an in vitro osteoclast differentiation model using bone marrow-derived macrophages,to investigate the effect of urolithin B on nuclear factor-κB receptor-activating factor ligand-mediated osteoclast differentiation and to systematically analyze its mechanism of action. METHODS:(1)The safe working concentration of urolithin B was screened by cell counting kit-8 method.(2)Different concentrations of urolithin B(0,12.5,25,and 50 μmol/L)were used to intervene with the osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages,and the number of osteoclasts and the size of osteocytes were observed using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining.(3)Different concentrations of urolithin B(0,12.5,25,and 50 μmol/L)were used to intervene with the osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages,and the relative expression levels of osteoclast-specific genes were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.(4)The effect of urolithin B on the P65 and ERK signaling pathways of bone marrow-derived macrophages was observed by western blot.(5)The effect of urolithin B on the key transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 and c-Fos in the osteoclastic differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages was detected by western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:50 μmol/L or lower concentration of urolithin B had no effect on the proliferation of bone marrow-derived macrophages but significantly inhibited osteoclastic differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages.Urolithin B mainly inhibited osteoclastic differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages in pre-medium term.Urolithin B down-regulated the relative expression levels of osteoclast specific genes in bone marrow-derived macrophages.50 μmol/L urolithin B inhibited the phosphorylation levels of P65 and ERK in bone marrow-derived macrophages,which led to the inhibition of osteoclast formation.50 μmol/L urolithin B inhibited the expression of key transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 and c-Fos in bone marrow-derived macrophages into osteoclasts.To conclude,urolithin B inhibits bone marrow-derived macrophages from differentiating into osteoclasts by suppressing the expression of downstream osteoclastogenic-related signature genes and downregulating the expression of the important osteoclastogenic transcription factors,nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 and c-Fos,via the P65/ERK signaling axis.

Gaucher disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) being a rare complication. Here we present a case of type I Gaucher disease complicated with MPGN to improve the understanding of this disease. For patients presenting with abdominal distension, hepatosplenomegaly and myelofibrosis, Gaucher disease should be considered to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. The detection of β-glucosidase, genetic mutation analysis and histopathological examination can play crucial roles in the diagnosis of Gaucher disease. Treatment with glucocorticoids combination with immunosuppressants can improve patient's prognosis.

Diuretics are the first-line drugs for the treatment of hypertension. Long-term use of diuretics often causes elevated blood sugar, electrolyte disturbances (most commonly hypokalemia), abnormal lipid metabolism (such as increased triglycerides, elevated cholesterol), increased serum uric acid levels and so on. In order to clarify the specific mechanism of the adverse reactions related to diuretics which are widely used in the treatment of hypertension, many documents have reported the pharmacogenomics research of diuretics-related adverse reactions. This review discusses the related genes and their variants of adverse reactions caused by commonly used diuretics in the treatment of hypertension in hope of providing a basis for the study of individualized use of diuretics.

Membrane creates the functions of protection, supporting, dispersion and separation. More functions can be designed by modifying membrane surface and grafting/loading selective ligands or catalysts on the membrane, thus membrane technology has been widely applied in biological detection, and its application approaches becomes diverse. Rational design of functional membranes can meet the demands in different steps of biological detection process, including sample pretreatment, preparation, response and sensing. This review summarized the functionalization methods of filtration membranes, applications of membrane technology in sample preparation and detection process, as well as the research on the integration of functional membranes. By revisiting the research progress on functional membrane design, preparation and applications for biological detection, it is expected to take better advantage of membrane materials structure and performance for constructing efficient and stable detection platform, which is more "adapted" to the detection environment.
Membranes, Artificial

Objective To understand the risk of acute renal injury (AKI)in patients using compound diclofenac sodium injection after surgeries and analyze the influencing factors. Methods Data of patients who had normal renal function before receiving compound diclofenac sodium injection treatment after surgeries in 2015 in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were collected and studied retrospectively (unmatched case-control study). The patients with AKI after treatment were included in the case group and the patients without AKI were included in the control group. The general condition, postoperative medication,and renal function before and after medication in the 2 groups were compared. The risk and related factors of AKI using compound diclofenac sodium injection were analyzed. Results A total of 821 patients were enrolled into this study,including 63 cases in the case group [43 males and 20 females,average age(51 ± 13)years]and 758 cases in the control group [425 males and 33 females, average age(50 ±14)years]. The proportion of patients with hypertension and liver cirrhosis in the case group was higher than that in the control group [25. 4％ (16/ 63)vs. 13. 1％ (99/ 758),P =0. 009;9. 5％(6 / 63) vs. 2. 8％ (21 / 758),P = 0. 013],the proportion of patients with general surgeries in the case group was higher than that in the control group [42. 9％(27 / 63)vs. 26. 9％ (204 / 758),P = 0. 007],the proportion of patients with neurosurgery in the case group was lower than that in the control group [15. 9％(10 / 63)vs. 33. 5％ (254 / 758),P = 0. 004],the proportion of patients using compound sodium diclofenac injection within 24 h after operation in the case group was higher than that in the control group [20. 6％(13 / 63)vs.10. 7％(81 / 758),P = 0. 017]. The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of AKI in patients with hypertension was significantly higher than the other patients with other diseases (OR =2. 847,95％ CI:1. 498-5. 410,P = 0. 001);the risk of AKI in patients with compound diclofenac sodium injection treatment within 24 h after operation was significantly higher than that in patients with compound diclofenac sodium injection treatment 24 h after the surgery(OR =1. 956,95％ CI:1. 154-3. 315,P =0. 013). Conclusion The patients with compound diclofenac sodium injection treatment after surgeries could develop AKI,the combination of hypertension and the use of the drug within 24 hours postoperatively could significantly increase the risk of AKI.

Objective To understand the risk of acute renal injury (AKI)in patients using compound diclofenac sodium injection after surgeries and analyze the influencing factors. Methods Data of patients who had normal renal function before receiving compound diclofenac sodium injection treatment after surgeries in 2015 in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were collected and studied retrospectively (unmatched case-control study). The patients with AKI after treatment were included in the case group and the patients without AKI were included in the control group. The general condition, postoperative medication,and renal function before and after medication in the 2 groups were compared. The risk and related factors of AKI using compound diclofenac sodium injection were analyzed. Results A total of 821 patients were enrolled into this study,including 63 cases in the case group [43 males and 20 females,average age(51 ± 13)years]and 758 cases in the control group [425 males and 33 females, average age(50 ±14)years]. The proportion of patients with hypertension and liver cirrhosis in the case group was higher than that in the control group [25. 4％ (16/ 63)vs. 13. 1％ (99/ 758),P =0. 009;9. 5％(6 / 63) vs. 2. 8％ (21 / 758),P = 0. 013],the proportion of patients with general surgeries in the case group was higher than that in the control group [42. 9％(27 / 63)vs. 26. 9％ (204 / 758),P = 0. 007],the proportion of patients with neurosurgery in the case group was lower than that in the control group [15. 9％(10 / 63)vs. 33. 5％ (254 / 758),P = 0. 004],the proportion of patients using compound sodium diclofenac injection within 24 h after operation in the case group was higher than that in the control group [20. 6％(13 / 63)vs.10. 7％(81 / 758),P = 0. 017]. The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of AKI in patients with hypertension was significantly higher than the other patients with other diseases (OR =2. 847,95％ CI:1. 498-5. 410,P = 0. 001);the risk of AKI in patients with compound diclofenac sodium injection treatment within 24 h after operation was significantly higher than that in patients with compound diclofenac sodium injection treatment 24 h after the surgery(OR =1. 956,95％ CI:1. 154-3. 315,P =0. 013). Conclusion The patients with compound diclofenac sodium injection treatment after surgeries could develop AKI,the combination of hypertension and the use of the drug within 24 hours postoperatively could significantly increase the risk of AKI.

Objective To evaluate the bacteriostatic effect of recombinant human lactoferrin(rhLF) on Helicobacter(H .) py‐lori and its influence on CagA ,Ure and gastric mucosal IL‐8 .Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and the influ‐ence of different drug concentrations on the proliferation of H .pylori were detected .The effects of rhLF on the mRNA and protein expressions of CagA and Ure in H .pylori were detected by RT‐PCR and Western blot ,respectively .The animal study :Balb/c mice were adopted and assigned randomly into four groups ,including the standard triple+rhLF(group A) ,rhLF(group B) ,standard tri‐ple(group C) and normal saline(group D) .The histopathological HE staining was used to observe the gastric inflammation and ELISA was used to detect the IL‐8 level of gastric tissue in each group .Results MIC was 0 .5 mg/mL ,moreover rhLF inhibited the bacterial growth and proliferation with a concentration‐dependent manner .rhLF could reduce the expression of H .pylori major viru‐lence factor CagA ,mRNA and protein of Ure .Comparing the group A with the group B ,C and D ,the gastric mucosal inflammation score and the IL‐8 levels of gastric tissue homogenates had statistically significant differences(P<0 .05) .Conclusion rhLF inhibits the growth and proliferation of H .pylori ,moreover inhibit the expression of major virulence factor CagA in H .pylori ,mRNA and protein of Ure in different degrees ,weakens its pathogenicity ,meanwhile reduces the IL‐8 level in mice gastric mucosa ,and allevi‐ates H .pylori related gastric mucosal inflammatory response .

Metabolic syndrome is the fundamental factor in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, and it has not yet been fully understood due to its complicated mechanism. Multiple re-searches have implicated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may have a significant effect on the formation and development of metabolic syndrome. LRP6 is an important co-receptor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway ,and there are some researches im-plicating the correlation between LRP6 and metabolic syndrome. The in-depth research on the gene polymorphism and its modula-tion mechanism can provide new ideas and directions for meta-bolic syndrome therapy.

Objective To study the clinical curative effect of continuous intrathecal injec-tion of vancomycin controlled by microinjection pump in the treatment of intracranial infection. Methods 50 patients with intracranial infections from January 2009 to October 2012 were includ-ed in the research.22 patients treated with cerebrospinal fluid drainage from lumbar cistern and discontinuous intrathecal injection of vancomycin were in control group,and another 28 patients with continuous intrathecal injection of vancomycin by micropump were in the experimental group. Therapeutic effect was observed between the two groups.Results The patients in the control group improved more rapidly than those in the experimental group in the temperature,blood,cere-brospinal fluid and other observation index.Compared with the control group,the pain of lower back and leg,convulsions,headache and other side effects were significantly reduced in the experi-mental group.Conclusions Continuous drainage of cerebrospinal fluid in lumbar cistern and mi-croinjection pump control continuous intrathecal injection of vancomycin is a safe and effective method to treat intracranial infection.