Objective To explore the clinical effect of honey in preoperative bowel preparation for colonoscopy in hospitalized patients.Methods 87 patients from April 2022 to July 2022 and underwent preoperative bowel preparation for colonoscopy were selected as the research subjects.Convenience sampling was used to divide them into a control group(n=43)and an observation group(n=44).The control group received a conventional regimen of taking compound polyethylene glycol(PEG)electrolyte powder(Heshuang),while the observation group added 20 mL of honey to the Heshuang solution.Compare the cleanliness of intestine,and palatability of the taste,the incidence of adverse reactions,satisfaction of patients,and the rate of willingness for prepeat bowel preparation between the two groups.Results The intestinal cleanliness of the two groups of patients was equivalent,the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The incidence and severity of nausea,abdominal bloating,hypoglycemia,and anal irritation in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The observation group had better taste,patients satisfaction,and the willingness for prepeat bowel preparation compared to the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Honey can improve the taste of Heshuang,reduce the severity of oral adverse reactions,increase patient satisfaction,and increase the rate of willingness for prepeat bowel preparation.

Pheretima,also called"earthworms",is a well-known animal-derived traditional Chinese medicine that is extensively used in over 50 Chinese patent medicines(CPMs)in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edi-tion).However,its zoological origin is unclear,both in the herbal market and CPMs.In this study,a strategy for integrating in-house annotated protein databases constructed from close evolutionary relationship-sourced RNA sequencing data from public archival resources and various sequencing al-gorithms(restricted search,open search,and de novo)was developed to characterize the phenotype of natural peptides of three major commercial species of Pheretima,including Pheretima aspergillum(PA),Pheretima vulgaris(PV),and Metaphire magna(MM).We identified 10,477 natural peptides in the PA,7,451 in PV,and 5,896 in MM samples.Five specific signature peptides were screened and then validated using synthetic peptides;these demonstrated robust specificity for the authentication of PA,PV,and MM.Finally,all marker peptides were successfully applied to identify the zoological origins of Brain Heart capsules and Xiaohuoluo pills,revealing the inconsistent Pheretima species used in these CPMs.In conclusion,our integrated strategy could be used for the in-depth characterization of natural peptides of other animal-derived traditional Chinese medicines,especially non-model species with poorly annotated protein databases.

OBJECTIVE To explore the improvement effect of rape pollen on androgenic alopecia mice and its mechanism. METHODS The blank group, model group, positive drug group and administration group were set up, the androgenic alopecia mice model was induced by applying 0.2% testosterone after hair removal. The hair growth rate of mice were observed by using 5% minoxidil as positive drug and 0.4 g·mL-1 rape pollen oil solution as administration group. The hair quality and follicle condition of mice were observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and HE staining of skin tissue, respectively. The level of VEGF and bFGF in skin were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting, while the level of serum sex hormones and reactive oxygen species were detected by ELISA. RESULTS Rape pollen could significantly promote the hair growth in mice and improve the state of mice hair scales compared with model group. Mechanism exploration experiments showed that rape pollen could not promote hair regeneration of mice by regulating hormone levels or anti-oxidative stress. However, rape pollen could increase the expression of bFGF and VEGF related to skin angiogenesis at the modeling site. CONCLUSION Rape pollen can promote hair regeneration in androgenic alopecia mice. Its mechanism may be that it promotes perifollicular vascular regeneration by increasing bFGF and VEGF level.

Bioengineering majors require students to acquire excellent abilities of thinking and analyzing complex problems and have high requirements for students' comprehensive practical skills. Because of the professional characteristics, it is necessary to develop students' abilities to solve complex problems via the teaching of a series of experiments. Therefore, it is particularly important to reform the traditional experiment teaching for students majoring in bioengineering to improve the teaching quality, which have great significance for the cultivation of comprehensive talents. In this study, with the advantages of geographical location and resources to cultivate application-oriented innovative talents, the course group of Comprehensive Experiment of Bioengineering has designed the course based on virtual simulation technology in Binzhou University. Taking the experiment of extraction and bioactivity analysis of Suaeda salsa (growing in the Yellow River Delta) polysaccharide in fermentation as a case, we studied the course design idea, experimental process, teaching method and result analysis, and have improved the teaching performance. This case analysis provides new ideas and content reference for the teaching reform of similar courses.
Bioengineering/education* ; Biomedical Engineering/education* ; Humans ; Students ; Technology ; Universities

Cordyceps sinensis(C.sinensis)is a widely used and highly valuable traditional Chinese medicine.Several dipeptides have been detected in C.sinensis,but current scientific knowledge of its chemical makeup remains limited.In this study,an improved approach that integrates offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography(2D LC)separation,precursor ion list,library screening,and diagnostic ion filtering was established to systematically screen and characterize dipeptides in C.sinensis.Offline 2D LC integrating hydrophilic interaction LC and reverse phase separations was established to eliminate interference and identify the target dipeptides.A library containing the potential 400 dipeptides was created,and a precursor ion list with all theoretical precursor ions was adopted to trigger the MS/MS scan with high sensitivity.To identify dipeptides,the type and connection sequence of amino acids were determined according to the product ions.Ile and Leu residues were differentiated for the first time according to the characteristic ion at m/z 69.07.Ultimately,170 dipeptides were identified or tentatively characterized from C.sinensis,and most are reported for the first time in this species herein.In addition,the identified dipeptides were also applied for discrimination among the three Cordyceps species,and 11 markers were identified.The obtained results provide a deeper understanding of the chemical basis of C.sinensis.

Twenty-one protostane-type triterpenoids with diverse structures, including nine new compounds (-), were isolated from the of Linn. Structurally, alisolides A‒F (-), composed of an oxole group coupled to a five-membered ring, represent unusual C-17 spirost protostane-type triterpenoids. Alisolide H () is a novel triterpenoid with an unreported endoperoxide bridge. Alisolide I () represents the first example of 23,24-acetal triterpenoid. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis, wherein the absolute configurations of ‒, were further confirmed by the Mo(OAc)-induced ECD method. Furthermore, all isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in Caco-2 cells, and all the compounds showed remarkable inhibitory activities, with IC values in the range of 0.76-38.20 μmol/L.

Objective Detecting plasma level of circular RNA(circRNA)hsa_circ_0009024 in pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)patients,and evaluating its diagnostic value for TB.Methods From January 2016 to December 2016, a hosptial-based, case-control study was performed, which include 90 untreated active pulmonary tuberculosis patients(TB group),75 healthy people(healthy control)and 84 patient with other diseases(other disease group).Plasma level of circRNA hsa_circ_0009024 was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Furthermore, the 90 patients with TB were divided into different subgroups according to cavity formation and the lung fields involvement: patients without lung cavity(55 cases)vs those with lung cavity(35 cases),patients with involvement of <2 lung fields(49 cases)vs≥2 lung fields(41 cases).Plasma levels of hsa _circ_0009024 of 41 TB patientswere monitored andcomparedbefore and after 3 months anti-TB therapy.The sensitivity and specificity of plasma hsa_circ_0009024 were analyzed by using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.The comparison between two groups was performed with Mann-Whitney U test and the comparison among multigroupswas conducted with Kruskal-Wallis H test.Results Plasma levels of hsa_circ_0009024 in TB patients[1.98(1.42, 2.71)]were significantly higher than healthy controls[1.03(0.78,1.33)]and other disease groups[1. 13(0.77,1.51)](H=76.58,P<0.0001).Plasma levels of hsa_circ_0009024 in cavity pulmonary TB patients were higher than pulmonary TB patients without cavity(U=392.50,P<0.0001).Plasma levels of hsa_circ_0009024 in TB patients with involvement of ≥2 lung fields were higher than <2 lung fields(U=590.50,P=0.0008).As compared to pre -treatment[2.01(1.41, 2.71)], the plasma hsa_circ_0009024 levels decreased significantly in 3 months[1.22(0.85,1.47)](U=292.50,P<0.0001)after anti-TB therapy.The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve(AUC)of plasma hsa_circ_0009024 in discriminating the patients with TB from normal controls, pneumonia patients and lung cancer patients were 0.841 and 0.811, respectively.Conclusion The hsa_circ_0009024 can be used as a potential biomarker in TB diagnosis and monitoring.

Objective To analyze the expression profile of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the lipopolysaecharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of monocyte-derived macrophages.Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were derived from healthy donor and induced into macrophages. The macrophages were divided into blank control group and LPS (1 mg/L) stimulated 12 hours group. Culture supernatants and cell pellets were harvested in each group, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assay the production changes of interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the supernatant. The technique of lncRNA microarray was used to test the lncRNA expression profile in LPS-induced inflammation of macrophages and control macrophages. The raw data of lncRNA were pretreated for normalization. Five lncRNA expressions were validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of NR_028034 in macrophages after LPS-induced inflammation.Results ① The contents of IL-1β (ng/L:562.93±61.17 vs. 59.74±15.68), IL-6 (ng/L: 702.46±92.31 vs. 71.66±18.25) and TNF-α (ng/L: 794.50±63.89 vs. 85.12±22.07) in the LPS group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (allP < 0.01). These results indicated that the inflammatory model of human macrophages was constructed successfully. ② Compared with blank control group, and 1479 lncRNA which have more than 2 folds variation and significant difference (P < 0.05) by statistical analysis was defined as lncRNA with differential expression. Among these lncRNA, LPS group showed 953 up- regulated and 526 down- regulated genes by 2 folds and 49 up- regulated and 35 down- regulated genes by 5 folds. ③ qRT-PCR results were generally consistent with the microarray data. ④ The expression of NR_028034 was increased by (4.41±0.65), (11.56±2.04), (18.58±1.36) folds compared with blank control group at 3, 6, 12 hours after LPS stimulation (allP < 0.01).Conclusions These data show a significantly altered lncRNA expression profile in the LPS-induced inflammation of monocyte-derived macrophages, suggesting that lncRNA may be involved in regulation of macrophages inflammatory response.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of entecavir combined with pegylated interferons in the patients with hepatitis B.Methods: Totally 72 patients with hepatitis B were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with 36 ones in each.The patients in the experimental group were treated with entecavir combined with pegylated interferons, and those in the control group were treated with entecavir.The clinical indicators in the two groups were detected and compared after the 24-week, 48-week and 6-month treatment.The adverse drug reactions in the two groups were recorded and compared.Results: After the 24-week treatment, the differences in the clinical indicators between the groups were not statistically significant (P >0.05).After the 48-week and 6-month treatment, the clinical indicators in the experimental group were obviously higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05).The difference in the adverse drug reactions in the two groups was not statistically significant (P >0.05).Conclusion: Compared with entecavir, pegylated interferon combined with entecavir in the treatment of hepatitis B shows better clinical effect and security, which is more worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To investigate the relationship between low serum calcium concentration and hematoma volume in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods Between January 2012 and October 2014,870 consecutive patients with intracerebral hemorrhage admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,West China Hospital,Sichuan University were enrolled prospectively.The patients completed laboratory serum calcium concentration and head CT examinations within 24 h after attack,and the baseline data and laboratory findings were collected.According to the normal reference value of laboratory serum calcium concentration,the patients were divided into a hypocalcemia calcium group (<2.1 mmol/L;n=193) and a normal calcium group (2.1-2.7 mmol/L;n=677).Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the blood serum calcium concentration and the hematoma volume on admission.Results (1) The hypocalcemia group compared with normal calcium group,the proportion of male patients was high (73.6% [n=142] vs.66.0% [n=447]),the median score for Glasgow coma scale was lower (9 vs.11),and the median hematoma volume was larger (33.86 cm3 vs.21.69 cm3).The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).(2) Spearman correlation analysis showed that the lower serum calcium level on admission was weakly negatively correlated with the volume of hematoma in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (r=-0.113,P<0.01).Conclusion The study suggested that the hypocalcemia on admission was mostly males in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage,the condition was serious,the volume of hematoma was larger,and the lower serum calcium concentration was negatively correlated with the hematoma volume.