OBJECTIVE To study the improvement effect and mechanism of Dendrobium officinale on skin damage in mice with xeroderma. METHODS The mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， and D. officinale group， with 5 mice in each group. Except for the control group （which only underwent shaving treatment）， the mice in all other groups were induced to develop a xeroderma model using an acetone-ether mixture for five consecutive days. The mice in D. officinale group were treated with 200 μL of D. officinale suspension （0.2 mg/mL） two hours after the first modeling each day. Mice in the control group and the model group were applied with an equal volume of pure water； once a day， until the end of the modeling process. After last medication， skin lesions and pathological morphology of the mice were observed. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expressions of Filaggrin， Loricrin and Ki67 proteins in skin tissue of the mice. The core pathways through which D. officinale improves skin damage in xeroderma were screened using 16S rRNA sequencing combined with gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analyses， and subsequent validation was conducted. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the mice in the model group exhibited obvious scratching behavior， with a large amount of scale on the skin， excessive epidermal keratinization， and thickened stratum spinosum. The skin scale score， epidermal thickness， and the expression levels of Ki67， Filaggrin， and Loricrin proteins in the skin tissue were significantly increased/elevated （ P ＜0.05）. Compared with model group， the mice in the D. officinale group exhibited reduced scratching behavior and scaling， along with a mitigated degree of skin keratinization. The aforementioned quantitative indicators were significantly decreased/reduced （ P ＜0.05）. The results of core pathway screening revealed that the KEGG pathways involving differentially expressed genes included signaling pathways such as interleukin-17 （IL-17） and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）. Further validation experim ents found that after intervention with D. officinale ， mRNA expression of downstream effector molecules CCN1， Hbegf， Tnfrsf12a， and Thbs1 genes in skin tissues were all significantly reduced （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS D. officinale can repair skin damage in mice with xeroderma， and its mechanism of action is related to restoring the balance of proliferation and differentiation in keratinocytes and down-regulating the mRNA expressions of CCN1， Hbegf， Tnfrsf12a， and Thbs1.

Objective:To analyze the predictive value of residual lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C) combined with three-dimensional spot tracking (3D-STE) technology for myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods:A total of 158 patients with suspected CHD myocardial ischemia admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from March 2021 to August 2023 were selected and divided into the observation group (patients with myocardial ischemia) and the control group (patients with non-myocardial ischemia) according to the results of coronary angiography (CAG). The levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) of the patients were detected by the fully automatic biochemical analyzer, and the level of RLP-C was calculated. The 3D-STE technique was adopted to analyze the global long axis strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global radial strain (GRS) of the left ventricle of the patients. The differences of each index between the two groups were compared, the related influencing factors of myocardial ischemia in patients with CHD were analyzed, and the predictive value of RLP-C combined with 3D-STE technology for myocardial ischemia in patients with CHD was evaluated.Results:CAG revealed 39 patients (24.68%) with myocardial ischemia, with a total of 52 myocardial perfusion abnormalities, including 22 right coronary artery supply areas, 12 left coronary artery circumflex supply areas, and 18 anterior descending branch areas. The levels of cardiac function classification, GCS, GRS, GLS and RLP-C in the observation group were all better than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that cardiac function classification grade Ⅳ, GCS, GRS, GLS, and RLP-C were the influencing factors of myocardial ischemia in patients with CHD (all P<0.05). Analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve results showed that the sensitivities of cardiac function classification grade Ⅳ, GCS, GRS, RLP-C, GLS and the combination of the five in predicting myocardial ischemia in patients with CHD were 69.23%, 71.79%, 74.36%, 76.92%, 74.36% and 89.74%, respectively. The specificities were 68.91%, 71.43%, 75.63%, 77.31%, 76.47% and 88.24% respectively. The combined diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in patients with CHD with cardiac function classification grade Ⅳ, GCS, GRS, RLP-C and GLS had a relatively high value (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Cardiac function classification grade Ⅳ, GLS, GCS, GRS, and RLP-C are influencing factors of myocardial ischemia in patients with CHD. Combined detection is helpful to improve the diagnostic accuracy of myocardial ischemia.

Objective:To analyze the predictive value of residual lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C) combined with three-dimensional spot tracking (3D-STE) technology for myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods:A total of 158 patients with suspected CHD myocardial ischemia admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from March 2021 to August 2023 were selected and divided into the observation group (patients with myocardial ischemia) and the control group (patients with non-myocardial ischemia) according to the results of coronary angiography (CAG). The levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) of the patients were detected by the fully automatic biochemical analyzer, and the level of RLP-C was calculated. The 3D-STE technique was adopted to analyze the global long axis strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global radial strain (GRS) of the left ventricle of the patients. The differences of each index between the two groups were compared, the related influencing factors of myocardial ischemia in patients with CHD were analyzed, and the predictive value of RLP-C combined with 3D-STE technology for myocardial ischemia in patients with CHD was evaluated.Results:CAG revealed 39 patients (24.68%) with myocardial ischemia, with a total of 52 myocardial perfusion abnormalities, including 22 right coronary artery supply areas, 12 left coronary artery circumflex supply areas, and 18 anterior descending branch areas. The levels of cardiac function classification, GCS, GRS, GLS and RLP-C in the observation group were all better than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that cardiac function classification grade Ⅳ, GCS, GRS, GLS, and RLP-C were the influencing factors of myocardial ischemia in patients with CHD (all P<0.05). Analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve results showed that the sensitivities of cardiac function classification grade Ⅳ, GCS, GRS, RLP-C, GLS and the combination of the five in predicting myocardial ischemia in patients with CHD were 69.23%, 71.79%, 74.36%, 76.92%, 74.36% and 89.74%, respectively. The specificities were 68.91%, 71.43%, 75.63%, 77.31%, 76.47% and 88.24% respectively. The combined diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in patients with CHD with cardiac function classification grade Ⅳ, GCS, GRS, RLP-C and GLS had a relatively high value (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Cardiac function classification grade Ⅳ, GLS, GCS, GRS, and RLP-C are influencing factors of myocardial ischemia in patients with CHD. Combined detection is helpful to improve the diagnostic accuracy of myocardial ischemia.

Drug delivery technologies are crucial components in drug development, greatly enhancing drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxic side effects. Cell membrane-based biomimetic carriers have attracted considerable interest owing to their intrinsic biointeractive capability derived from source cells in vivo. This review summarizes the fundamental properties and functional attributes of cell membrane–based biomimetic carriers from different cellular sources and discusses their advancements in tumor-targeted drug delivery and role in the activation of antitumor immunity. Ultimately, the discussion focuses on the prospects and potential challenges in employing cell membrane-based biomimetic carriers for antitumor treatment.

Objective:To develop a treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:The initial scale was constructed through a literature search, Delphi expert correspondence, and cognitive testing. This study conducted a preliminary survey of 379 patients with MM and a formal survey of 865 patients from the hematology departments of 155 hospitals nationwide from February 2024 to March 2024. The final scale was obtained after conducting item analysis and reliability and validity tests on the initial scale.Results:The constructed scale contains 36 items covering six domains: physiological, psychological, social, treatment side effects, general health, and others. In the preliminary survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.597 to 0.939, and the test-retest reliability was 0.747 ( P<0.001). Exploratory factor analysis extracted eight common factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 60.058%. In the formal survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.484 to 0.930, and the test-retest reliability was 0.835 ( P<0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a comparative fit index of 0.750, a root-mean-square error of approximation of 0.090, and a root-mean-square residual of 0.067. Conclusion:The treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with MM designed in this study exhibited good reliability and validity, reflecting the impact of treatment on the quality of life of patients. This scale can provide a reference to clinicians for assessing the disease status of patients.

Cardiovascular diseases and psychological disorders represent two major threats to human physical and mental health. Research on electrocardiogram (ECG) signals offers valuable opportunities to address these issues. However, existing methods are constrained by limitations in understanding ECG features and transferring knowledge across tasks. To address these challenges, this study developed a multi-resolution feature encoding network based on residual networks, which effectively extracted local morphological features and global rhythm features of ECG signals, thereby enhancing feature representation. Furthermore, a model compression-based continual learning method was proposed, enabling the structured transfer of knowledge from simpler tasks to more complex ones, resulting in improved performance in downstream tasks. The multi-resolution learning model demonstrated superior or comparable performance to state-of-the-art algorithms across five datasets, including tasks such as ECG QRS complex detection, arrhythmia classification, and emotion classification. The continual learning method achieved significant improvements over conventional training approaches in cross-domain, cross-task, and incremental data scenarios. These results highlight the potential of the proposed method for effective cross-task knowledge transfer in ECG analysis and offer a new perspective for multi-task learning using ECG signals.
Humans ; Electrocardiography/methods* ; Mental Health ; Algorithms ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Machine Learning ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Mental Disorders

Background and aims:Studies indicate that the gut microbiota and its metabolites are involved in the progression of cardiovascular diseases,and enterohepatic circulation plays an important role in this progression.This study aims to identify potential probiotics for the treatment of unstable angina(UA)and elucidate their mechanisms of action.Methods:Initially,the gut microbiota from patients with UA and control was analyzed.To directly assess the effects of Bifidobacterium supplementation,10 patients with UA were enrolled and administered Bifidobacterium(630 mg per intake twice a day for 1 month).The fecal metagenome,serum trimethyl-amine N-oxide(TMAO)levels,and other laboratory parameters were evaluated before and after Bifido-bacterium supplementation.Results:After supplementing with Bifidobacterium for 1 month,there were statistically significant dif-ferences(P＜0.05)in TMAO,aspartate aminotransferase,total cholesterol,and low-density lipoprotein compared to before.Additionally,the abundance of Bifidobacterium longum increased significantly,although the overall abundance of Bifidobacterium did not reach statistical significance.The gut micro-biota,metabolites,and gut-liver axis are involved in the progression of UA,and potential mechanisms should be further studied.Conclusions:Metagenomic analysis demonstrated a reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium in patients with UA.Supplementation with Bifidobacterium restored gut dysbiosis and decreased circulating TMAO levels in patients with UA.This study provides evidence that Bifidobacterium may exert cardiovascular-protective effects through the gut-liver-heart axis.

Objective:To develop a treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:The initial scale was constructed through a literature search, Delphi expert correspondence, and cognitive testing. This study conducted a preliminary survey of 379 patients with MM and a formal survey of 865 patients from the hematology departments of 155 hospitals nationwide from February 2024 to March 2024. The final scale was obtained after conducting item analysis and reliability and validity tests on the initial scale.Results:The constructed scale contains 36 items covering six domains: physiological, psychological, social, treatment side effects, general health, and others. In the preliminary survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.597 to 0.939, and the test-retest reliability was 0.747 ( P<0.001). Exploratory factor analysis extracted eight common factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 60.058%. In the formal survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.484 to 0.930, and the test-retest reliability was 0.835 ( P<0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a comparative fit index of 0.750, a root-mean-square error of approximation of 0.090, and a root-mean-square residual of 0.067. Conclusion:The treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with MM designed in this study exhibited good reliability and validity, reflecting the impact of treatment on the quality of life of patients. This scale can provide a reference to clinicians for assessing the disease status of patients.

Objective:To summarize the clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics of various types of pediatric glioma, and to explore the differences in the morphology and clinical significance among various types of pediatric glioma.Methods:Based on the fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors, this study classified or reclassified 111 pediatric gliomas that were diagnosed at Guangzhou Medical University Affiliated Women and Children′s Medical Center from January 2020 to June 2023. The clinical manifestations, imaging findings, histopathology, and molecular characteristics of these tumors were analyzed. Relevant literature was also reviewed.Results:The 111 patients with pediatric glioma included 56 males and 55 females, with the age ranging from 10 days to 13 years (average age, 5.5 years). Clinically, manifestations presented from 5 days to 8 years before the diagnosis, including epilepsy in 16 cases, increased intracranial pressure in 48 cases and neurological impairment in 66 cases. MRI examinations revealed tumor locations as supratentorial in 43 cases, infratentorial in 65 cases, and spinal cord in 3 cases. There were 73 cases presented with a solid mass and 38 cases with cystic-solid lesions. The largest tumor diameter ranged from 1.4 to 10.6 cm. Among the 111 pediatric gliomas, there were 6 cases of pediatric diffuse low-grade glioma (pDLGG), 63 cases of circumscribed astrocytoma glioma (CAG), and 42 cases of pediatric diffuse high-grade glioma (pDHGG). Patients with pDLGG and CAG were younger than those with pDHGG. The incidence of pDLGG and CAG was significantly lower in the midline of the infratentorial region compared to that of pDHGG. They were more likely to be completely resected surgically. The pDLGG and CAG group included 4 cases of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, showing histological features of high-grade gliomas. Among the high-grade gliomas, 13 cases were diffuse midline gliomas and also showed histological features of low-grade glioma. Immunohistochemical studies of H3K27M, H3K27ME3, p53, ATRX, BRAF V600E, and Ki-67 showed significant differences between the pDLGG and CAG group versus the pDHGG group ( P<0.01). Molecular testing revealed that common molecular variations in the pDLGG and CAG group were KIAA1549-BRAF fusion and BRAF V600E mutation, while the pDHGG group frequently exhibited mutations in HIST1H3B and H3F3A genes, 1q amplification, and TP53 gene mutations. With integrated molecular testing, 2 pathological diagnoses were revised, and the pathological subtypes of 35.3% (12/34) of the pediatric gliomas that could not be reliably classified by histology were successfully classified. Conclusions:There are significant differences in clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, molecular variations, and prognosis between the pDLGG, CAG and pDHGG groups. The integrated diagnosis combining histology and molecular features is of great importance for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of pediatric gliomas.