As one of the common chronic bacterial infections, Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is a key pathogenic factor of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. In the formation of gastric ulcer, Hp virulence factors directly damage the gastric mucosal barrier, induce the local inflammation and immune response, interfere with the regulation of gastric acid secretion, and ultimately destroy the mucosal stability. In the occurrence of gastric cancer, Hp-driven chronic inflammation is the basis of inflammation-cancer transformation, and it induces the genomic instability and epigenetic changes by interfering with key signaling pathways in host cells, thereby promoting malignant transformation. This paper systematically reviews the related mechanisms of Hp-induced gastric ulcer and gastric cancer in recent years, holding great significance for the development of new intervention strategies and the precise prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.

Lung cancer constitutes the most prevalent and lethal malignant tumor in China. Approximately 85% of lung cancer diagnoses correspond to the non-small cell histological subtype [non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)]. Despite surgery being the mainstay for early-stage disease, postoperative recurrence remains high and adjuvant chemotherapy offers limited benefit. In recent years, targeted therapy has demonstrated substantial advantages in driver mutation-positive NSCLC. To this end, the Lung Cancer Medical Education Committee of the Chinese Medical Education Association developed guidelines based on a systematic review of evidence through November 2025, using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach and a modified Delphi method. Focusing on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and addressing ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) V600E mutation, and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) exon 14 (METex14) skipping, the guideline covers molecular testing, neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy, perioperative strategies, minimal residual disease monitoring, and postoperative surveillance. It defines testing requirements, specifies stage-directed and subtype-specific treatments, and standardizes minimal residual disease monitoring. These recommendations emphasize precision and feasibility to improve survival and quality of life.

Objective: This study aims to explore the influencing factors, formation mechanisms, and treatment methods of labial protuberance in the anterior maxilla during orthodontic treatment, providing a reference for clinical practice. Method: This study reports a case where the absence of upper anterior teeth 11 and 21, and the retraction tilting movement of teeth 12 and 22, resulted in labial protuberance and gingival hyperplasia. Alveolar osteoplasty and gingivoplasty were performed. The specific changes in the alveolar bone during the retraction of the anterior teeth and the characteristics of its remodeling were analyzed. Combined with relevant literature, the factors influencing the formation of labial protuberance in orthodontic patients, mechanisms, and methods for prevention and treatment were summarized. Results: After periodental surgery follow-up for 6 months, the gingival color and shape of teeth 12 and 22 were good, the labial alveolar bone was normal, and the overall condition was stable. A review of the literature showed that labial protuberance is more common in adult orthodontic patients, and the distance (>4 mm) and speed of retraction of anterior teeth are related to its formation, with the main mechanism likely being differential remodeling of the alveolar bone. In adult patients, the number of active osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the alveolar bone decreases, along with a reduction in metabolic activity and overall cellular activity, which diminishes the reactivity of the alveolar bone. After treatment of anterior teeth retraction, there is insufficient labial bone resorption. Moreover, the lack of mechanical stress-mediated periodontal ligament in the interdental space leads to reduced bone remodeling stimulation in this area, resulting in thickening of the labial alveolar bone of the upper anterior teeth. The remodeling rates of cortical and trabecular bone differ, with active trabecular bone proliferation near the tooth root surface and slow cortical bone resorption near the outer surface, which ultimately results in increased bone thickness at the labial cervical region. Specific case analysis indicates that the retraction distance of the upper anterior teeth in this case was about 6 mm. The alveolar bone at the missing sites of teeth 11 and 21, lacking periodontal ligament stimulation, showed less remodeling and absorption, likely appearing as hyperplasia. The prevention of labial bone protrusion mainly involves controlling the speed and distance of retraction of anterior teeth. Smaller labial protuberances generally do not require treatment, but those affecting function and aesthetics can be addressed with periodontal alveolar osteoplasty. Conclusion After the retraction of anterior teeth in orthodontics, a prominent, hard bone protuberance on the labial side can sometimes occur, which may be due to differential remodeling efficiency in different regions of the alveolar bone. For bone protuberance that influences aesthetics or function, periodontal alveolar osteoplasty can be a reliable option.

Curcumin is a natural yellow pigment， a natural phenolic antioxidant extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa and Curcumae Rhizoma of the ginger family， with anti-inflammatory， anti-tumor and antioxidant properties. In recent years， it has been found that curcumin also has good antidepressant properties， and it is considered a safe and effective antidepressant potential drug. The mechanism of curcumin’s antidepressant efficacy mainly includes regulating neurotransmitters， modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis， regulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor， inhibiting neuroinflammation， inhibiting oxidative stress， and regulating gut microbiota， etc.， and there is an overlapping and synergistic therapeutic effect of the above mechanisms. At present， the antidepressant mechanism of curcumin is still not fully understood， and will be combined with multi-omics technology， new formulation technology， and clinical trials to obtain further breakthroughs in the future.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Wuling capsule on mice with autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).Methods Mice were randomly divided into control group,AIH model group,Wuling capsule low-dose group(0.5 g·kg-1·d-1),Wuling capsule middle-dose group(1.0 g·kg-1·d-1),and Wuling capsule high-dose group(2.0 g·kg-1·d-1),with 10 mice in each group.The Wuling capsule groups were administered with Wuling capsule suspension of different doses orally at a volume of 10 mL/kg once daily;the control group and AIH model group were given the same volume of saline by gavage.After 14 d of administration,mice in the AIH model group and Wuling capsule groups were injected with concanavalin A(20 mg/kg)via the tail vein,and the serum,liver,and spleen were collected 8 h after injection.Serum alanine transaminase(ALT)and aspartate transaminase(AST)levels were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer;hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological structure of the liver tissue;the contents of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-4,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in liver were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the relative mRNA expression levels of IL-6,IL-4,TNF-α,Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),and nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)in the liver.Fluorescence immunoassay was used to analyze the expression and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 protein in the liver.Results Compared with the control group,the AIH model group showed abnormal liver morphology and structure,increased serum ALT and AST levels,increased contents of IL-4,IL-6,and TNF-α in the liver,upregulated mRNA expression levels of IL-6,IL-4,TNF-α,TLR4,and NF-κB in the liver,and increased nuclear entry of NF-κB p65.Wuling capsule significantly improved the pathological structure of the liver in AIH mice,reduced serum ALT and AST levels,decreased the contents of IL-4,IL-6,and TNF-α in the liver and the mRNA expression levels of TLR4,NF-κB,IL-4,IL-6,and inhibited the nuclear activation of NF-κB p65.Conclusion Wuling capsule has significant protective effects on AIH mice,which may be related to the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the genetic characteristics of the VP1 region of Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) in Yunnan Province. Methods Fecal samples of suspected hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) were subjected to real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR for detection of enterovirus CVA10. Positive samples were subjected to VP1 gene sequence amplification and Sanger sequencing. Sequence splicing was performed with DNAstar7.1 Seqman software, and nucleotide sequence and amino acid site analysis were performed using Mega 6.0 software. Results The sequencing of VP1 gene of CVA10 obtained a sequence of 894 nucleotides, encoding 298 amino acids. Compared with the original strain, there were mainly three active amino acid mutation regions, 13-33, 141-142, and 283-285. The nucleotide difference rate between the Yunnan isolates and the reference strain ranged from 16.92% to 30.90%, and the amino acid difference rate ranged from 2.58% to 4.00%. C1 and C2 group nucleotide difference was 10.58%, and the amino acid difference rate was 1.80%. The VP1 150-176 region exhibited highly conserved characteristics. Six CVA10 strains and Sichuan strain MW178898 belonged to the C1 group of the C genotype. The other 14 CVA10 strains belonged to the C2 group. Conclusion VP1 gene mutation is active and CVA10 is an important pathogen of HFMD in Yunnan. C2 genotype of CVA10 is dominant in this study, and C1 and C2 have co-circulated in Yunnan. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring and develop multivalent vaccines containing CVA10 epidemic genotype.

BACKGROUND:As a temporary matrix for new bone growth,the porous scaffold plays a key role in the process of bone repair.The structural design of porous scaffolds is a research priority in the process of bone repair.OBJECTIVE:To summarize traditional bone scaffolds(regular,uniform scaffolds)and bionic scaffolds(irregular,inhomogeneous scaffolds)in the field of bone tissue engineering research.METHODS:A computerized search was performed in the databases of CNKI,VIP,WanFang,Web of Science,Science Direct,PubMed,and EI.Literature published from January 2008 to March 2024 was selected.The search terms in Chinese included"bone tissue engineering,bionic scaffolds,bone trabeculae,traditional scaffolds,bone repair,triple-period minimal surfaces."The search terms in English were"bone tissue engineering,bionic scaffolds,bone trabeculae,traditional scaffolds,bone repair,TPMS."Finally,81 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The structural design of bone scaffolds is the key to achieve bone repair and bone regeneration,and scaffold technology in bone tissue engineering has made remarkable progress.Traditional regular porous scaffolds are widely used due to their simple manufacturing process and good mechanical properties.However,these scaffolds often lack biological activity and are difficult to mimic the complex microenvironment of natural bone tissue,limiting their ability to promote cell proliferation and bone regeneration.On the contrary,bionic scaffolds provide a more suitable physiological microenvironment by mimicking the structural features of natural bone tissues,which promotes the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts,as well as the formation of new bone,and provides a new way of thinking for the effective treatment of bone defects.Despite the great potential of bionic scaffolds in theory,they still face many challenges in practical applications.Factors such as the scaffold's biocompatibility,bioactivity,and its long-term stability still need to be further verified through clinical trials.

Food-derived bioactive peptides (FBPs), particularly those with ten or fewer amino acid residues and a molecular weight below 1300 Da, have gained increasing attention for their safe, diverse structures and specific biological activities. The development of FBP-based functional foods and potential medications depends on understanding their structure‒activity relationships (SARs), stability, and bioavailability properties. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of the roles of FBPs in treating various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, and inflammatory bowel diseases, based on the literature from July 2017 to Mar. 2023. Subsequently, attention is directed toward elucidating the associations between the bioactivities and structural characteristics (e.g., molecular weight and the presence of specific amino acids within sequences and compositions) of FBPs. We also discuss in silico approaches for FBP screening and their limitations. Finally, we summarize recent advancements in formulation techniques to improve the bioavailability of FBPs in the food industry, thereby contributing to healthcare applications.
Humans ; Peptides/therapeutic use* ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Functional Food ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy* ; Biological Availability ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy* ; Hypertension/drug therapy* ; Liver Diseases/drug therapy* ; Bioactive Peptides, Dietary

Obesity, as a chronic recurrent disease, has become a major public health challenge in China. To implement the requirements of the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030), under domestic guidelines or consensus statements on overweight and obesity, and in alignment with the latest scientific advances globally, the Quality control protocol for adult overweight and obesity screening in health management (examination) institutions (2025 edition) was developed. This protocol was drafted by the Health Management Center of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and formulated through multiple rounds of deliberation by experts in China’s health examination quality control field. The protocol establishes unified standards for screening facilities, personnel qualifications, and measurement or testing procedures. It defines specific screening items, outlines a standardized screening pathway, and sets requirements for the final medical review, ensuring the scientific validity, effectiveness, and safety of the screening process. The implementation of this protocol will enhance the consistency of weight management practices for adults across health examination institutions and strengthen the quality control of overweight and obesity screening programs.

Objective:To evaluate the detection rate, anatomical distribution, and influencing factors of bone marrow edema-like signal (BMELS) in the knees of amateur marathon runners.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. This study publicly recruited amateur marathon runners through the Hangzhou Long-distance Running Association from January 2019 to December 2024. Based on knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results, participants were divided into a BMELS-positive group (BMELS present in at least one knee) and a BMELS-negative group. General clinical information was collected from participants using a questionnaire. All participants underwent a knee MRI scan to screen for the presence of BMELS and to assess its severity. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the associated factors of BMELS in amateur marathon runners, while Spearman′s correlation analysis assessed the correlation between BMELS grade and these factors.Results:A total of 60 subjects (120 knee joints) were enrolled, including 39 males (65%), aged (40.0±8.4) years. Of these, 39 were in the BMELS-positive group, and 21 were in the BMELS-negative group. The BMELS detection rate for the 120 knee joints of these 60 subjects was 53.3% (64/120). BMELS were detected in 43.3%(52/120) of the femur, 34.2% (41/120) of tibia and 17.5% (21/120) of patella. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an independent positive correlation between monthly running volume and knee BMELS in amateur marathon runners ( OR=1.007, 95% CI: 1.000-1.013, P=0.035). Spearman′s correlation analysis showed a weak positive correlation between the BMELS grade of the knees and the monthly running volume of amateur marathon runners ( r s=0.360, P=0.005). Conclusions:The detection rate of knee BMELS is high in amateur marathon runners, and they are distributed in a way that is characteristic of the region, with a higher incidence in the medial femoral condyle. In this population, monthly running volume is independently associated with knee BMELS, with a higher grade associated with greater monthly running volume.