OBJECTIVE: To investigate the spatiotemporal patterns and socioeconomic factors influencing the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Guangdong Province between 2010 and 2019. METHOD: Spatial and temporal variations in TB incidence were mapped using heat maps and hierarchical clustering. Socioenvironmental influencing factors were evaluated using a Bayesian spatiotemporal conditional autoregressive (ST-CAR) model. RESULTS: Annual incidence of TB in Guangdong decreased from 91.85/100,000 in 2010 to 53.06/100,000 in 2019. Spatial hotspots were found in northeastern Guangdong, particularly in Heyuan, Shanwei, and Shantou, while Shenzhen, Dongguan, and Foshan had the lowest rates in the Pearl River Delta. The ST-CAR model showed that the TB risk was lower with higher per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) [Relative Risk ( RR), 0.91; 95% Confidence Interval ( CI): 0.86-0.98], more the ratio of licensed physicians and physician ( RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.98), and higher per capita public expenditure ( RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.97), with a marginal effect of population density ( RR, 0.86; 95% CI: 0.86-1.00). CONCLUSION The incidence of TB in Guangdong varies spatially and temporally. Areas with poor economic conditions and insufficient healthcare resources are at an increased risk of TB infection. Strategies focusing on equitable health resource distribution and economic development are the key to TB control.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Bayes Theorem ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology* ; Socioeconomic Factors

Objective:To explore the application effect of preoperative autologous blood localization method in laparoscopic resection of gastric stromal tumors in unfavorable areas of the stomach.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the case data of 40 patients with gastric stromal tumors in unfavorable locations admitted to Jinjiang Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022. The patients were divided into a control group (intraoperative endoscopic localization method) and an autologous blood localization group according to different intraoperative lesion localization methods, with 20 cases in each group. The surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time, postoperative exhaust time, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:The surgery time of the autologous blood localization group was shorter than that of the control group [(92.30±8.80)min vs (108.20±14.87)min, P<0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference in intraoperative bleeding, hospitalization time, and postoperative exhaust time between the two groups (all P>0.05). Two groups of patients did not show an increase in inflammatory indicators such as white blood cells and C-reactive protein on the day after surgery. Both groups of patients did not experience adverse reactions such as fever, abdominal pain, or postoperative complications. Conclusions:The autologous blood injection localization method provides a safe, simple, and effective method for preoperative localization of gastric stromal tumors in unfavorable areas of the stomach under laparoscopy, and is worthy of clinical promotion and use.

Objective To observe the value of deep learning combine with radiomics based on MRI for evaluating H3 K27 status of midline gliomas.Methods Totally 127 patients with diffuse midline glioma H3 K27-altered(H3-DMG)and 127 patients with midline glioblastoma(GBM)without H3 K27 mutation were retrospectively enrolled.The patients were randomly divided into training set(n=204)and test set(n=50)at the ratio of 8:2.U-Net neural network visual and radiomics features of tumors were extracted based on MRI,and a deep learning radiomics model was established,its value for evaluating H3 K27 status was observed.Results Based on training set,0.500 was obtained as the security score partition value for the model classification task.In test set,the median safety score of the obtained deep learning radiomics model for evaluating H3 K27 status of H3-DMG and GBM was 0(0,0)and 0.999(0.616,1.000),respectively,for the former was lower than for the latter(Z=-5.114,P＜0.001).The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy and area under the curve of deep learning radiomics model for evaluating H3 K27 status in training set was 93.14％,81.37％,87.25％and 0.953(95％CI[0.923,0.976]),respectively,while was 88.00％,80.00％,84.00％and 0.922(95％CI[0.829,0.986])in test set,respectively.Conclusion Deep learning radiomics based on MRI could accurately evaluate H3 K27 status of midline gliomas.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of progressive transfer of penile flap combined with local scrotal flap in correction of severe concealed penis in children.Methods:The clinical data of children with severe concealed penis admitted to the Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from July 2021 to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The concealed penis was corrected by progressive transfer of penile flap combined with local scrotal flap. During the operation, a small amount of excess inner prepuce was removed and the outer prepuce was cut in the middle of the dorsal side of the penis. Then the penile flap was transferred from dorsal to ventral, gradually covering the wound without tension. The local scrotal flap was lifted upwards and sutured to the frenulum for covering the ventral foreskin defect of the penis. The amount of blood loss during the operation was recorded. The pain tolerance, the duration of prepuce edema, the length of penis extension and the healing of skin flap were observed. The appearance of the penis was followed up to observe whether the penis was retracted, and the satisfaction of the children and their guardians was recorded.Results:A total of 32 male children were enrolled, ranging in age from 3 to 10 years, with an average age of 7.2 years. The penis of all the children had a conical appearance, and the penile shaft was buried under the subcutaneous anterior pubis, which was difficult to palpate in its natural state. The average intraoperative blood loss was about 5 ml. All patients had pain after the operation. Two patients needed a pump to relieve pain, and the rest could tolerate it after rectum administration of indomethacin suppositories. The edema of the prepuce was mild after the operation, and the edema basically disappeared when the patient was discharged 7-9 days later. The penis could be lengthened by 1.5-3.0 cm under static conditions, averaging about 2.0 cm. After surgery, only 1 patient had a small area (about 5 mm × 4 mm) of infection in the scrotal flap and poor incision healing, and scar healing after dressing change and intensive nursing. The other flaps healed well. After 6 to 12 months of follow-up, the penis length of 2 cases was slightly retracted from the time of discharge, and the remaining 30 cases had no significant change. The patients and their guardians were satisfied with the operation results.Conclusion:The progressive transfer of penile flap combined with local scrotal flap correction of severe concealed penis in children can fully lengthen the penile body, and the degree of postoperative retraction is low, the appearance of the penis is good, and the patient satisfaction is high.

Objective To investigate the impact of type 2 inflammation markers blood eosinophils(EOS)and fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO)on bronchodilator responsiveness(BDR)in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods This study was conducted among 389 patients with an established diagnosis of COPD in our hospital from October,2019 to October,2023,who all underwent bronchial dilation test(BDT)of the large and small airways.Based on smoking history,blood EOS,and FeNO,these patients were divided group A(blood EOS<300/μL+FeNO<35 ppb+smoking history<20 pack-years),group B(blood EOS<300/μL+FeNO<35 ppb+smoking history≥20 pack-years),group C(blood EOS≥300/μL or FeNO≥35 ppb+smoking history≥20 pack-years),and group D(blood EOS≥300/μL or FeNO≥35 ppb+smoking history<20 pack-years)for analyzing the relationship between clinical indexes and BDR.Results BDR evaluation based on forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),and maximum mid-expiratory flow(MMEF)yielded consistent results,all showing a younger mean age,higher FeNO levels,and higher blood EOS counts and percentages in patients positive for BDT(P<0.05).The improvement value and improvement rate of FEV1 were significantly lower in group A than in group D.The improvement value and improvement rate of FEV1 as well as the improvement rate of MMEF were significantly lower in group B than in group D.In the overall patients,age and FeNO were significantly correlated with the improvement value and improvement rate of FEV1 and the improvement rate of MMEF(P<0.05).Conclusion Type 2 inflammation markers have different effects on BDR in the large and small airways of COPD patients,and their clinical significance needs further investigation.

Objective:To investigate the short-term outcomes of robot-assisted pancreato-duodenectomy (RPD) performed by one single surgeon.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinico-pathological data of 240 patients who were performed RPD by one single surgeon at The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July 2016 to October 2023 were collected. There were 130 males and 110 females, aged 59(19)years. All RPD were performed by the same surgeon. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative pathological examination and outcome of patients. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed as M(IQR). Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages. Results:(1) Surgical situations. Of 240 patients, 15 cases underwent combined vascular resection and reconstruction, and 13 patients were combined with other operations simultaneously. Of 240 patients, 4 cases converted to open surgery, with the conversion rate as 1.67%. The operation time of 240 patients was 458(152)minutes, volume of intraopera-tive blood loss was 50(50)mL, intraoperative erythrocyte transfusion was required in 17 patients. The R 0 resection rate was 99.17%(238/240), the number of lymph nodes harvested was 10(6) and duration of postoperative hospital stay was 17(12)days. (2) Postoperative pathological examination and outcome of patients. Of 240 patients, 51 cases were pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, 41 cases were ampullary carcinoma, 41 cases were neuroendocrine neoplasms, 35 cases were pancreatic cystic neoplasms, 28 cases were duodenal carcinoma and 44 cases were other pathologic types. Of 99 patients with major complications, there were 57 cases with clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula, 44 cases with postoperative delayed gastric empty, 11 cases with postoperative biliary fistula, 8 cases with postoperative chyle fistula, 14 cases with incision infec-tion, and 24 cases with postoperative hemorrhage. Multiple complications might occur to the same patient. Reoperation was performed in 6 of the 240 patients. One patient died within 30 days after surgery. Twenty-four patients returned to hospital within 30 days after discharge. Conclusions:RPD performed by one single surgeon is safe and feasible, with favorable short-term outcomes, which can be performed in medical centers with experiences in robot-assisted pancreatic surgery.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of progressive transfer of penile flap combined with local scrotal flap in correction of severe concealed penis in children.Methods:The clinical data of children with severe concealed penis admitted to the Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from July 2021 to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The concealed penis was corrected by progressive transfer of penile flap combined with local scrotal flap. During the operation, a small amount of excess inner prepuce was removed and the outer prepuce was cut in the middle of the dorsal side of the penis. Then the penile flap was transferred from dorsal to ventral, gradually covering the wound without tension. The local scrotal flap was lifted upwards and sutured to the frenulum for covering the ventral foreskin defect of the penis. The amount of blood loss during the operation was recorded. The pain tolerance, the duration of prepuce edema, the length of penis extension and the healing of skin flap were observed. The appearance of the penis was followed up to observe whether the penis was retracted, and the satisfaction of the children and their guardians was recorded.Results:A total of 32 male children were enrolled, ranging in age from 3 to 10 years, with an average age of 7.2 years. The penis of all the children had a conical appearance, and the penile shaft was buried under the subcutaneous anterior pubis, which was difficult to palpate in its natural state. The average intraoperative blood loss was about 5 ml. All patients had pain after the operation. Two patients needed a pump to relieve pain, and the rest could tolerate it after rectum administration of indomethacin suppositories. The edema of the prepuce was mild after the operation, and the edema basically disappeared when the patient was discharged 7-9 days later. The penis could be lengthened by 1.5-3.0 cm under static conditions, averaging about 2.0 cm. After surgery, only 1 patient had a small area (about 5 mm × 4 mm) of infection in the scrotal flap and poor incision healing, and scar healing after dressing change and intensive nursing. The other flaps healed well. After 6 to 12 months of follow-up, the penis length of 2 cases was slightly retracted from the time of discharge, and the remaining 30 cases had no significant change. The patients and their guardians were satisfied with the operation results.Conclusion:The progressive transfer of penile flap combined with local scrotal flap correction of severe concealed penis in children can fully lengthen the penile body, and the degree of postoperative retraction is low, the appearance of the penis is good, and the patient satisfaction is high.

Objective To investigate the impact of type 2 inflammation markers blood eosinophils(EOS)and fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO)on bronchodilator responsiveness(BDR)in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods This study was conducted among 389 patients with an established diagnosis of COPD in our hospital from October,2019 to October,2023,who all underwent bronchial dilation test(BDT)of the large and small airways.Based on smoking history,blood EOS,and FeNO,these patients were divided group A(blood EOS<300/μL+FeNO<35 ppb+smoking history<20 pack-years),group B(blood EOS<300/μL+FeNO<35 ppb+smoking history≥20 pack-years),group C(blood EOS≥300/μL or FeNO≥35 ppb+smoking history≥20 pack-years),and group D(blood EOS≥300/μL or FeNO≥35 ppb+smoking history<20 pack-years)for analyzing the relationship between clinical indexes and BDR.Results BDR evaluation based on forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),and maximum mid-expiratory flow(MMEF)yielded consistent results,all showing a younger mean age,higher FeNO levels,and higher blood EOS counts and percentages in patients positive for BDT(P<0.05).The improvement value and improvement rate of FEV1 were significantly lower in group A than in group D.The improvement value and improvement rate of FEV1 as well as the improvement rate of MMEF were significantly lower in group B than in group D.In the overall patients,age and FeNO were significantly correlated with the improvement value and improvement rate of FEV1 and the improvement rate of MMEF(P<0.05).Conclusion Type 2 inflammation markers have different effects on BDR in the large and small airways of COPD patients,and their clinical significance needs further investigation.

Objective:To summarize the clinical effect of laparoscopic medial umbilical ligament dissection in two-stage Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy (FSO).Methods:A case-series study was conducted.Clinical data of children who underwent two-stage FSO from March 2020 to July 2022 in the Department of Urology, Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed.Indexes such as operation time, amount of blood loss, degree of postoperative pain in the operative area, testicular position, size, texture and parental satisfaction at the operative side 1 month, 6 months and 1 year after surgery were collected.Measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as Mean± SD and compared using the independent sample and paired sample t-tests. Results:A total of 18 children with complete clinical data were included in this study.Their age ranged from 7 months to 10 years, with an average of 2 years.There were 10 cases of FSO on the left side and 8 cases on the right side.Twelve cases (group A) had the testis directly descending to the scrotum without amputation of the umbilical medial ligament during the operation, including 7 cases on the left side and 5 cases on the right side; 6 cases (group B) with testis not descending to the scrotum received amputation of the umbilical medial ligament, and the testicle was pulled into the scrotum without tension, including 3 cases on the left side and 3 cases on the right side.The age of patients in group A [(0.88±0.26) years] was lower than that in group B [(4.32±2.96) years] ( t=-4.11, P<0.05).The operation time of patients in group B was (47.50±1.87) min, slightly longer than that in group A [(46.17±1.47) min] ( t=-1.66, P>0.05).The intraoperative bleeding volume in group B was (5.18±0.42) mL, slightly higher than that in group A [(4.96±0.20) mL] ( t=-1.56, P>0.05).Patients in both groups had mild pain in the operative area, which could be tolerated by the children.There were no significant differences in testicular position, size, texture and satisfaction between the two groups 1 month after surgery.Reexamination at 6 months after operation showed that 1 case in group A had mild testicular retraction, located above the scrotum; no significant testicular retraction was observed in group B; the size and texture of testis in both groups had no significant change compared with those before operation, and the blood supply was normal according to the color ultrasound findings; parental satisfaction was high.Reexamination at 1 year after operation showed that 1 case of testis in group A was located above the scrotum, 2 cases had no obvious development, and the rest cases had increased testis size [(0.51±0.03) mL] compared with before operation [(0.31±0.02) mL] ( t=-22.97, P<0.05); all cases of testis in group B returned to normal position, 1 case had no obvious development, and the rest cases had increased testis size [(0.45±0.02) mL] compared with before operation [(0.24±0.01) mL] ( t=-32.87, P<0.05).There was no significant difference in testicular size increase between group A [(0.20±0.03) mL] and group B [(0.20±0.01) mL] ( t=-1.19, P>0.05). Conclusions:In the case that the medial umbilical ligament obviously affects the testicular descent, it can be dissected, which significantly shortens the distance of testis descending to the scrotum.The testicular position after surgery is normal, and the two-stage FSO does not affect the testicular development.