AIM:Study the effects of icariin-astragaloside IV-puerarin mixture(Yin-Huang-Ge mixture,YHG)on cognitive dysfunction and brain tissue ferroptosis in Alzheimer disease(AD)model mice,and explore its mecha-nism.METHODS:APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into APP/PS1 group,icariin-astragaloside IV-puerarin mixture(APP/PS1+YHG)group,and idebenone(APP/PS1+IDE)group using a random number table method.C57BL/6J mice of the same age were selected as the normal group.After one month of continuous administration,Morris water maze was used to test the learning and memory abilities of mice.Nissl staining was used to observe the morphological changes in the hippocampus of mice.The ultrastructure of neurons in each group of mice was observed under electron microscopy.West-ern blot was used to detect the expression of FSP1 protein in hippocampal tissue.ELISA detection of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10),CoQ10H2,and 4-hydroxynonenal(4-HNE)content.Biochemical reagent kit is used to detect malondialde-hyde(MDA)content.RESULTS:Compared with the normal group,APP/PS1 mice showed decreased learning and mem-ory abilities,with loosely arranged and irregularly shaped hippocampal CA3 neurons.Hippocampal neurons exhibit mito-chondrial shrinkage,incomplete cristae,and increased membrane density.The expression of FSP1 protein in the brain de-creased(P＜0.05).The levels of CoQ10 and CoQ10H2 were both reduced(P＜0.01).The levels of 4-HNE and MDA in-creased(P＜0.01).After using icariin-astragaloside IV-puerarin mixture and idebenone,the learning and memory abili-ties of mice were improved.The neuronal structure in the hippocampal CA3 region is more tightly arranged and has a regu-lar shape compared to the model group.The mitochondrial structure is relatively clear,the mitochondrial membrane is rel-atively normal,and the cristae are relatively intact.The expression of FSP1 protein in the brain increased(P＜0.05).The levels of CoQ10 and CoQ10H2 both increased(P＜0.05).The levels of 4-HNE and MDA were significantly reduced(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:The icariin-astragaloside IV-puerarin mixture can improve cognition in AD mice,and its mecha-nism may be related to inhibiting ferroptosis by activating the FSP1/CoQ10 signaling pathway.

AIM:Study the effects of icariin-astragaloside IV-puerarin mixture(Yin-Huang-Ge mixture,YHG)on cognitive dysfunction and brain tissue ferroptosis in Alzheimer disease(AD)model mice,and explore its mecha-nism.METHODS:APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into APP/PS1 group,icariin-astragaloside IV-puerarin mixture(APP/PS1+YHG)group,and idebenone(APP/PS1+IDE)group using a random number table method.C57BL/6J mice of the same age were selected as the normal group.After one month of continuous administration,Morris water maze was used to test the learning and memory abilities of mice.Nissl staining was used to observe the morphological changes in the hippocampus of mice.The ultrastructure of neurons in each group of mice was observed under electron microscopy.West-ern blot was used to detect the expression of FSP1 protein in hippocampal tissue.ELISA detection of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10),CoQ10H2,and 4-hydroxynonenal(4-HNE)content.Biochemical reagent kit is used to detect malondialde-hyde(MDA)content.RESULTS:Compared with the normal group,APP/PS1 mice showed decreased learning and mem-ory abilities,with loosely arranged and irregularly shaped hippocampal CA3 neurons.Hippocampal neurons exhibit mito-chondrial shrinkage,incomplete cristae,and increased membrane density.The expression of FSP1 protein in the brain de-creased(P＜0.05).The levels of CoQ10 and CoQ10H2 were both reduced(P＜0.01).The levels of 4-HNE and MDA in-creased(P＜0.01).After using icariin-astragaloside IV-puerarin mixture and idebenone,the learning and memory abili-ties of mice were improved.The neuronal structure in the hippocampal CA3 region is more tightly arranged and has a regu-lar shape compared to the model group.The mitochondrial structure is relatively clear,the mitochondrial membrane is rel-atively normal,and the cristae are relatively intact.The expression of FSP1 protein in the brain increased(P＜0.05).The levels of CoQ10 and CoQ10H2 both increased(P＜0.05).The levels of 4-HNE and MDA were significantly reduced(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:The icariin-astragaloside IV-puerarin mixture can improve cognition in AD mice,and its mecha-nism may be related to inhibiting ferroptosis by activating the FSP1/CoQ10 signaling pathway.

Objective To optimize supercritical extraction technique from four medicinal materials, which are the part components in the recipe of Keganliyan Oral Liquor and are extracted traditionally for essential oils. Methods Extraction ratio and menthol extraction quantity were taken as evaluated indexes. Supercritical extraction technique was researched with orthogonal tests, gas chromatography, and SAS statistic. Results Within the test levels, temperature and time showed evident effect on extraction ratio and menthol extraction quantity, while pressure did not show any evident effect on them、 The preferable technique to extraction ratio is temperature at 55 ℃, time for 120 min, and extracted pressure at 27 MPa; and the preferable technique to menthol extraction quantity is temperature at 45 ℃, time for 120 min, and extracted pressure at 22 MPa. Conclusion The optimized supercritical extraction technique for Keganliyan Oral Liquor is feasible.