BACKGROUND:In the field of tissue engineering,decellularized scaffolds are widely used owing to their biocompatibility.Nonetheless,these scaffolds frequently encounter the limitation of inadequate cell infiltration due to their densely structured composition.Using laser micro-patterning technology for structural modification can improve cell adhesion and proliferation.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress of laser microporous decellularized scaffolds in tissue regeneration.METHODS:Related literature was searched in PubMed and CNKI databases.The Chinese and English search terms were"decellularized scaffold,laser micro-patterning technology,laser microporous decellularized scaffold,extracellular matrix,laser drilling,tissue regeneration."References were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and 65 articles were finally included for analysis and discussion.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Laser micro-patterning technology can selectively remove tissues to achieve scaffold modification.Laser treatment can have controllable effects on the pore structure,mechanical properties and cell permeability of the scaffold.(2)To obtain the optimal cell integration and remodeling effect,factors such as scaffold pretreatment,laser and decellularization process sequence,laser parameter setting,decellularization process and pore structure should be considered.(3)At present,the application of laser microporous decellularized scaffolds has shown that it can promote tissue repair,and it is also necessary to solve the problem of tissue thermal damage.Depending on the absorption of different wavelengths of laser light by the tissue,a reasonable selection of laser type is a feasible solution.(4)Tissue damage repair by laser microporous decellularized scaffold is expected to achieve clinical transformation,and optimizing laser technology and carrying out larger scale biosafety testing are future research directions.

BACKGROUND:In the field of tissue engineering,decellularized scaffolds are widely used owing to their biocompatibility.Nonetheless,these scaffolds frequently encounter the limitation of inadequate cell infiltration due to their densely structured composition.Using laser micro-patterning technology for structural modification can improve cell adhesion and proliferation.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress of laser microporous decellularized scaffolds in tissue regeneration.METHODS:Related literature was searched in PubMed and CNKI databases.The Chinese and English search terms were"decellularized scaffold,laser micro-patterning technology,laser microporous decellularized scaffold,extracellular matrix,laser drilling,tissue regeneration."References were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and 65 articles were finally included for analysis and discussion.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Laser micro-patterning technology can selectively remove tissues to achieve scaffold modification.Laser treatment can have controllable effects on the pore structure,mechanical properties and cell permeability of the scaffold.(2)To obtain the optimal cell integration and remodeling effect,factors such as scaffold pretreatment,laser and decellularization process sequence,laser parameter setting,decellularization process and pore structure should be considered.(3)At present,the application of laser microporous decellularized scaffolds has shown that it can promote tissue repair,and it is also necessary to solve the problem of tissue thermal damage.Depending on the absorption of different wavelengths of laser light by the tissue,a reasonable selection of laser type is a feasible solution.(4)Tissue damage repair by laser microporous decellularized scaffold is expected to achieve clinical transformation,and optimizing laser technology and carrying out larger scale biosafety testing are future research directions.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic etiology of a child with Neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome (NFNS).Methods:A child with NFNS who was treated at the Department of Endocrinology of Hangzhou Children′s Hospital in January 2024 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the child was collected by retrospective analysis method. Peripheral venous blood samples (2 mL each) were collected from the child and his parents. Genomic DNA was extracted, and trio whole exome sequencing (Trio-WES) of the family was carried out. Sanger sequencing was used to perform family verification on the candidate variants. The identified variants were classified for pathogenicity according to the Standards and Guidelines for the Interpretation of Sequence Variants established by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) (hereafter referred to as the " ACMG guidelines" ). This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Hangzhou Children′s Hospital (Ethics No. 2021-06).Results:The child was a 7-year and 4-month-old male. He has short stature, numerous café-au-lait spots on the neck and trunk, and special facial features such as a full forehead, wide interpupillary distance, a low nasal bridge, and low-set ears.The results of Trio-WES showed that he has harbored a NF1 gene c. 3773G>T (p.W1258L) mutation, which was verified by Sanger sequencing to be de novo in origin. The NF1 gene child was associated with NFNS, which was an autosomal dominant inheritance. According to the ACMG guidelines, this variant was judged to be a likely pathogenic variant (PS2+ PM2+ PP3+ PP2). No pathogenic variant in genes associated with Noonan syndrome, such as those in PTPN11, SOS1, RAF1, RIT1, and KRAS, was found. Conclusion:The child with NFNS has clinical features such as short stature, special facial features, and café-au-lait spots. The c. 3773G>T (p.W1258L) variation in the NF1 gene may be the genetic etiology of the NFNS child in this study. The results of this study has enriched the variation spectrum of the NF1 gene.

Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of Chlorfortunone A(ChlA) in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN) in mice.Methods:The DN model mice were assigned to DN, low-dose ChlA(ChlAL) and high-dose ChlA(ChlAH), and the normal control groups(Ctrl). Kidney tissue was analyzed via HE and Masson staining, and urine albumin, fasting blood glucose and kidney weight were measured. Collagen1 and α-SMA proteins were detected in renal tissues. The level of GSH-px, SOD, CAT, and TGF-β were detected. The TGF-β/Smad2 pathway in kidney tissue was detected. The mechanism was verified by setting the high glucose+ ChlA+ TGF-β group in MPC-5 cells. The proliferation of the cells and DCFDA staining were detected.Results:Compared to the Ctrl group, the DN group had significantly higher UACR and kidney weight( P<0.001). High-dose ChlA reduced UACR and kidney weight( P<0.05), with no effect on blood glucose( P>0.05). Masson staining showed reduced fibrosis with ChlA treatment. Collagen I and α-SMA expressions were significantly higher in DN( P<0.001) and decreased with ChlA treatment( P<0.05). GSH-px, SOD, and CAT levels were lower in DN( P<0.001), while TGF-β was elevated( P<0.001); ChlA increased antioxidant enzymes and decreased TGF-β( P<0.05). The TGF-β/Smad2 pathway was upregulated in DN( P<0.001) and inhibited by ChlA( P<0.001). In vitro, ChlA reduced cell proliferation( P<0.05) and increased ROS levels( P<0.001). Conclusions:ChlA alleviates kidney injury and fibrosis in DN mice, reduces oxidative stress, which may be related to the inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad2 pathway.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of comprehensive reconstruction of grades Ⅰ-Ⅱ thumb and finger defects with hallux osteo-onychocutaneous flaps of great toe.Methods:This is a retrospective study. From June 2020 to December 2023, comprehensive reconstruction surgery for Grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ digital defect were performed with hallux osteo-onychocutaneous flaps of great toe for 3 thumbs and 7 fingers in 9 patients in the Department of Hand and Microsurgery of Baoji Third Hospital. Causes of digital injury were: 4 of machine crush, 3 of electric saw cut, 1 of door crush, and 1 of electrical burn. There were 6 grade I digital defects (beyond the nail root) and 4 grade Ⅱ defects (last segment of digit). The defects of the digits were reconstructed by taking references of the shape and structure of the contralateral normal thumbs and fingers. Then the hallux osteo-onychocutaneous flaps of great toe were designed and harvested accordingly from the left and right great toes. Donor sites were covered by skin grafting or local dressing change. One patient was treated in emergency surgery, 6 in sub-emergency surgery and 2 in elective surgery. Integrated perioperative patient management was provided to all of the patients. Postoperative follow-ups were conducted through the visit of outpatient clinic, telephone calls or WeChat interviews. Flap survival, appearance and sensation recovery were evaluated according to the Evaluation Standard of Upper Limb Functional of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association.Results:Vascular insufficiency of 1 digit occurred in surgery, and relieved by local treatment with lidocaine and warm saline. All 10 digits successfully survived, and all donor sites healed spontaneously. The postoperative follow-up period was 10 to 30 months, with an average of 18 months. One transferred nail was found in poor appearance (not flat), the rest of the reconstructed digits were good in appearance and function. The nail, finger print and fine sensation (TPD 5~8 mm), as well as digital flexion, extension, grasping and opposition of the reconstructed digits were all good. According to the Evaluation Standard of Upper Limb Functional of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association, at the last follow-up visit, 5 digits were in excellent, 4 in good and 1 in fair.Conclusion:The comprehensive reconstruction of grades Ⅰ-Ⅱ digital defects with hallux osteo-onychocutaneous flap of great toe is an ideal surgical technique that can reconstruct the nail, finger print and sensation of a digit, with good postoperative function as well as an aesthetic and realistic appearance.

Objective To investigate the refractive development parameters of primary school students aged 7 to 12 years in Chuxiong City,Yunnan Province,analyze their relationship with equivalent spherical power(SE),and evaluate the monitoring role of refractive parameters in myopia.Methods A total of 1463 primary school students aged 7-12 from Beipu Primary School in Chuxiong City,Yunnan Province were selected.Spherical degree(DS),cylindrical degree(DC),and equivalent spherical degree(SE)were obtained using a computer autorefractor.Axial length(AL),corneal curvature(K1,K2),anterior chamber depth(ACD),central corneal thickness(CCT),lens thickness(LT),and vitreous depth(VD)were measured using a biometer.The corneal curvature radius(CR),the ratio of axial length to corneal curvature radius(AL/CR),and lens power(LP)were calculated.Participants were divided into 7～8 years old group(n=518),9～10 years old group(n=547),and 11～12 years old group(n=398)according to age;and categorized into myopic group(n=647),emmetropic group(n=532),and hyperopic group(n=284)based on refractive status to analyze the characteristics of refractive parameters and their impact across different age groups and refractive categories.Results(1)SE,DS,LT,and LP decreased with age(P<0.05);(2)AL,AL/CR,ACD,and VD increased with age(P<0.05);(3)K,CR and CCT showed no significant change with age(P>0.05);(4)In both myopic and hyperopic groups,AL was negatively correlated with SE(rs=-0.617,rs=-0.318,both P<0.05),AL/CR was negatively correlated with SE(rs=-0.737,rs=-0.406,both P<0.05),LP was positively correlated with SE(rs=0.412,rs=0.182,both P<0.05),while CR showed no correlation with SE(P>0.05).Conclusion The refractive development parameters AL,AL/CR,ACD,and VD increased with age in primary school students aged 7 to 12,while SE,DS,LT,and LP decreased with age,and K,CR,and CCT showed no significant changes.AL/CR and AL can serve as monitoring indicators for myopia,with AL/CR demonstrating a higher correlation with SE than AL.

Background: Epimedii Folium, first recorded in the Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing), is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) known for its effects of “benefiting Qi and strengthening the heart.” Icariside II (ICS II) is one of the main active components of Epimedii Folium, possessing cardiovascular protective and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential mechanisms of ICS II on myocardial ischemia (MI) remain unclear. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects and preliminary molecular mechanisms of ICS II in treating isoproterenolinduced MI in rats. Methods: A rat model of MI was established by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, myocardial enzymes analysis, heart weight index, triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, histopathology, TUNEL staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blot were employed to evaluate the effects and preliminary molecular mechanisms of ICS II on MI rats. Results: Pharmacodynamic studies suggested that ICS II inhibited ST-segment elevation in electrocardiograms, improved cardiac function, reduced heart weight index and myocardial enzyme levels, decreased myocardial infarct size, alleviated cardiac histological damage, and inhibited apoptosis, thereby exerting cardioprotective effects in MI rats. Further studies revealed that ICS II may partially inhibit the expression of NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis-related targets at both protein and mRNA levels. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ICS II exerts anti-MI effects, and its preliminary molecular mechanisms may be related to inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis to alleviate inflammatory responses.

Background: Epimedii Folium, first recorded in the Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing), is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) known for its effects of “benefiting Qi and strengthening the heart.” Icariside II (ICS II) is one of the main active components of Epimedii Folium, possessing cardiovascular protective and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential mechanisms of ICS II on myocardial ischemia (MI) remain unclear. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects and preliminary molecular mechanisms of ICS II in treating isoproterenolinduced MI in rats. Methods: A rat model of MI was established by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, myocardial enzymes analysis, heart weight index, triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, histopathology, TUNEL staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blot were employed to evaluate the effects and preliminary molecular mechanisms of ICS II on MI rats. Results: Pharmacodynamic studies suggested that ICS II inhibited ST-segment elevation in electrocardiograms, improved cardiac function, reduced heart weight index and myocardial enzyme levels, decreased myocardial infarct size, alleviated cardiac histological damage, and inhibited apoptosis, thereby exerting cardioprotective effects in MI rats. Further studies revealed that ICS II may partially inhibit the expression of NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis-related targets at both protein and mRNA levels. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ICS II exerts anti-MI effects, and its preliminary molecular mechanisms may be related to inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis to alleviate inflammatory responses.

Background: Epimedii Folium, first recorded in the Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing), is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) known for its effects of “benefiting Qi and strengthening the heart.” Icariside II (ICS II) is one of the main active components of Epimedii Folium, possessing cardiovascular protective and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential mechanisms of ICS II on myocardial ischemia (MI) remain unclear. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects and preliminary molecular mechanisms of ICS II in treating isoproterenolinduced MI in rats. Methods: A rat model of MI was established by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, myocardial enzymes analysis, heart weight index, triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, histopathology, TUNEL staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blot were employed to evaluate the effects and preliminary molecular mechanisms of ICS II on MI rats. Results: Pharmacodynamic studies suggested that ICS II inhibited ST-segment elevation in electrocardiograms, improved cardiac function, reduced heart weight index and myocardial enzyme levels, decreased myocardial infarct size, alleviated cardiac histological damage, and inhibited apoptosis, thereby exerting cardioprotective effects in MI rats. Further studies revealed that ICS II may partially inhibit the expression of NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis-related targets at both protein and mRNA levels. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ICS II exerts anti-MI effects, and its preliminary molecular mechanisms may be related to inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis to alleviate inflammatory responses.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic etiology of a child with Neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome (NFNS). METHODS: A child with NFNS who was treated at the Department of Endocrinology of Hangzhou Children's Hospital in January 2024 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the child was collected by retrospective analysis. Peripheral venous blood samples (2 mL each) were collected from the child and his parents. Genomic DNA was extracted, and trio-whole exome sequencing (Trio-WES) of the family was carried out. Sanger sequencing was used to perform family verification on the candidate variants. The identified variants were classified for pathogenicity according to the Standards and Guidelines for the Interpretation of Sequence Variants established by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) (hereafter referred to as the "ACMG guidelines"). This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Hangzhou Children's Hospital (Ethics No. 2021-06). RESULTS: The child was a 7-year and 4-month-old male. He has short stature, numerous café-au-lait spots on the neck and trunk, and special facial features such as a full forehead, wide interpupillary distance, a low nasal bridge, and low-set ears. The results of Trio-WES showed that the he had harbored the NF1 gene c.3773G>T (p.W1258L) mutation, which was verified by Sanger sequencing to be de novo in origin. The NF1 gene was associated with NFNS, which has an autosomal dominant inheritance. According to the ACMG guidelines, this variant was judged to be a likely pathogenic variant (PS2+PM2+PP3+PP2). No pathogenic variant in genes associated with Noonan syndrome, such as PTPN11, SOS1, RAF1, RIT1, and KRAS, was found. CONCLUSION The child with NFNS has clinical features such as short stature, special facial features, and café-au-lait spots. The c.3773G>T (p.W1258L) variation in the NF1 gene may be the genetic etiology of the NFNS child in this study. The results of this study has enriched the variation spectrum of the NF1 gene.
Child ; Humans ; Male ; Exome Sequencing ; Mutation ; Neurofibromatosis 1/genetics* ; Neurofibromin 1/genetics* ; Noonan Syndrome/genetics*