Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a domestically developed robotic surgical system based on fiber-optic dedicated line communication in cross-regional urological telesurgery.Methods:This was multicenter，single-arm，retrospective case series study. The data of patients who underwent urological telesurgeries using the telesurgical system between January 2023 and December 2024 were analyzed. The cohort included 59 patients from seven hospitals across China. Among the patients，47 were male（79.7%）and 12 were female（20.3%），with a median age of 63.0（56.0，68.0）years and a body mass index of（24.7 ± 3.0）kg/m 2. Surgical procedures included 32 radical prostatectomies，24 partial nephrectomies，one radical nephrectomy，one adrenalectomy，and one ureteral reconstruction. The perioperative indicators，pathological results and postoperative complications were analyzed. The network monitoring data were collected，and the perioperative data of patients，remote system monitoring data and costs were compared between the two communication modes of optical transport network（OTN）and cloud-connect network（CCN）. Results:All 59 remote surgeries were successfully completed，with a mean operative time of（138.0 ± 54.0）minutes，median intraoperative blood loss of 50.0（30.0，100.0）ml and a postoperative hospital stay of 5.0（4.0，6.0）days. No cases required reoperation，Clavien-Dindo grade ≥3 complications，or readmission. The geographical distance between the primary and remote surgical sites ranged from 450 to 2 800 km. Network monitoring revealed increased bidirectional latency with distance increasing：the shortest latency time（Hefei-Hangzhou，450 km）was（16.59 ± 0.80）ms，while the longest（Harbin-Hangzhou，2 200 km）latency time was（53.31 ± 0.31）ms. Average frame loss per procedure was 0?1.27 frames. The results of subgroup analysis comparing OTN and CCN communication modes showed no significant differences in operative time［（130.7 ± 70.5）minutes vs.（142.1 ± 42.9）minutes， P = 0.442］，postoperative hospitalization［6.0（4.0，8.0）d vs. 5.0（4.0，6.0）d， P = 0.581］，or readmission rates（0 vs. 0）. However，CCN demonstrated significant cost advantages with 500 RMB per operation vs. 3 000 RMB per operation for OTN. Conclusions:Urological telesurgery using fiber-optic communication is feasible. The CCN mode，with its cost-effectiveness，excellent usability，and multi-point interconnection flexibility，is currently the preferred communication model for telesurgical applications.

This study aims to establish BHK-21 stable cell lines expressing APN from four species(human,pig,dog,and cat),the APN fragments were amplified from pEGFP-C1-APN plasmids of the four species stored in the laboratory to generate the recombinant plasmids pcDNA4.0-APN.Af-ter the recombinant plasmids were transfected into BHK-21 cells,the stable BHK-21 cell lines ex-pressing the APNs were selected by two rounds of limited dilution.The constructed BHK-21 cell lines were identified by indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA),and their susceptibility to PD-CoV and TGEV was tested for these four cell lines.Virus infection experiments revealed that PD-CoV infected cells expressing human,pig,and dog APNs,while it did not infect cells expressing cat APN.Simultaneously,TGEV infected cells expressing pig,dog,and cat APNs,but did not infect cells expressing human APN.The results suggest that the risk of cross-species infection for different coronaviruses and the established cell line can be used effectively to evaluate the virus in-fection.The findings also revealed that PDCoV has the potential risk of cross-species infection of human and dog,and TGEV has the potential risk of cross-species infection of dog and cat.These results provide a basis for the prevention and control strategy of coronaviruses.

This study aims to establish BHK-21 stable cell lines expressing APN from four species(human,pig,dog,and cat),the APN fragments were amplified from pEGFP-C1-APN plasmids of the four species stored in the laboratory to generate the recombinant plasmids pcDNA4.0-APN.Af-ter the recombinant plasmids were transfected into BHK-21 cells,the stable BHK-21 cell lines ex-pressing the APNs were selected by two rounds of limited dilution.The constructed BHK-21 cell lines were identified by indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA),and their susceptibility to PD-CoV and TGEV was tested for these four cell lines.Virus infection experiments revealed that PD-CoV infected cells expressing human,pig,and dog APNs,while it did not infect cells expressing cat APN.Simultaneously,TGEV infected cells expressing pig,dog,and cat APNs,but did not infect cells expressing human APN.The results suggest that the risk of cross-species infection for different coronaviruses and the established cell line can be used effectively to evaluate the virus in-fection.The findings also revealed that PDCoV has the potential risk of cross-species infection of human and dog,and TGEV has the potential risk of cross-species infection of dog and cat.These results provide a basis for the prevention and control strategy of coronaviruses.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a domestically developed robotic surgical system based on fiber-optic dedicated line communication in cross-regional urological telesurgery.Methods:This was multicenter，single-arm，retrospective case series study. The data of patients who underwent urological telesurgeries using the telesurgical system between January 2023 and December 2024 were analyzed. The cohort included 59 patients from seven hospitals across China. Among the patients，47 were male（79.7%）and 12 were female（20.3%），with a median age of 63.0（56.0，68.0）years and a body mass index of（24.7 ± 3.0）kg/m 2. Surgical procedures included 32 radical prostatectomies，24 partial nephrectomies，one radical nephrectomy，one adrenalectomy，and one ureteral reconstruction. The perioperative indicators，pathological results and postoperative complications were analyzed. The network monitoring data were collected，and the perioperative data of patients，remote system monitoring data and costs were compared between the two communication modes of optical transport network（OTN）and cloud-connect network（CCN）. Results:All 59 remote surgeries were successfully completed，with a mean operative time of（138.0 ± 54.0）minutes，median intraoperative blood loss of 50.0（30.0，100.0）ml and a postoperative hospital stay of 5.0（4.0，6.0）days. No cases required reoperation，Clavien-Dindo grade ≥3 complications，or readmission. The geographical distance between the primary and remote surgical sites ranged from 450 to 2 800 km. Network monitoring revealed increased bidirectional latency with distance increasing：the shortest latency time（Hefei-Hangzhou，450 km）was（16.59 ± 0.80）ms，while the longest（Harbin-Hangzhou，2 200 km）latency time was（53.31 ± 0.31）ms. Average frame loss per procedure was 0?1.27 frames. The results of subgroup analysis comparing OTN and CCN communication modes showed no significant differences in operative time［（130.7 ± 70.5）minutes vs.（142.1 ± 42.9）minutes， P = 0.442］，postoperative hospitalization［6.0（4.0，8.0）d vs. 5.0（4.0，6.0）d， P = 0.581］，or readmission rates（0 vs. 0）. However，CCN demonstrated significant cost advantages with 500 RMB per operation vs. 3 000 RMB per operation for OTN. Conclusions:Urological telesurgery using fiber-optic communication is feasible. The CCN mode，with its cost-effectiveness，excellent usability，and multi-point interconnection flexibility，is currently the preferred communication model for telesurgical applications.

It was generally believed that muscular atrophy of paralyzed limbs after stroke was due to disuse. However, recent studies have found that secondary lesions of motor neurons in the contralateral anterior horn of the spinal cord and the decrease of motor units lead to denervation, which plays an essential role in muscular atrophy and muscle fiber type transition. This article reviews the phenomenon and mechanism of muscular atrophy and denervation of paralyzed limbs after stroke, to provide a reference for clinical evaluation and experimental research.

Objective To measure anatomic data related to the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage and to analyze their implications for anterior spine surgery.Methods From January 2015 to February 2017,Cervical spine CT image data of 309 normal adults (195 males,114 females) in our department were retrospectively analyzed.The transverse diameters of the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage was measured at three different levels as follows:the superior border of the thyroid cartilage(SBTC),the inferior border of the thyroid cartilage(IBTC),and the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage(IBCC).At those levels,the corresponding level and transverse diameter of the cervical vertebra or intervertebral disc were also determined.Differences of anatomic parameters for each gender and level,and the relationship between the transverse diameter and height and weight were analyzed.Results The transverse diameters of the thyroid cartilage or cricoid cartilage and the corresponding cervical vertebra or intervertebral disc were associated significantly with height and weight.The transverse diameters of the thyroid cartilage or cricoid cartilage gradually decreased from the level of SBTC (44.30±4.97 mm) to the level of IBTC (41.39±4.62 mm),and the latter to the level of IBCC (26.36±3.79 mm),but increased from the level of SBTC (27.47±2.66 mm) to the level of IBTC (29.00±3.15 mm),and the latter to the level of IBCC (31.48±3.49 mm) for the cervical vertebra or intervertebral disc.Differences of the transverse diameters of the thyroid cartilage or cricoid cartilage and the cervical vertebra or intervertebral disc on three levels had statistical significance.The transverse diameters of each level had individual differences,while men were greater than those for women.The thyroid cartilage was routinely located above the C5 (56.9％ for male,86.0％ for female).Differences of the frequency between men and women on three levels had statistical significance.Conclusion The Individual and sex differences in the location of the thyroid cartilage and the size of the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage provided anatomical basis for predicting the difficulty of intraoperative exposure,incidence of esophageal injuries and early postoperative dysphagia.

Objective To evaluate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on swallowing function in brain injury patients with dysphagia.Methods Sixty-four patients with dysphagia were divided into A group (n=21,stimulated with T =700 ms,R =2 s,frequency =0.19 Hz),B group (n =22,T =700 ms,R =1 s,frequency =0.29 Hz),and C group (n =21,T =340 ms,R =400 ms,frequency =0.68 Hz).One pair of electrodes was placed at the midline under the chin over the submental muscle group.The intensity of stimulation ranged from 5 to 11 mA.The treatments were once a day,5 times a week,with 20 times as one course.The results were assessed with Kubota's water swallowing test before and 4 weeks after treatment.Results The water swallowing test scores were significantly reduced after treatment in all 3 groups,with significantly greater reductions in A group compared with B and C group.The effectiveness rate was 81％ in A group,73％ in B group and 67％ in C group,all statistically significant differences.Conclusion NMES can be an effective and safe treatment for dysphagia after brain injury.NMES appears to be most effective with T =700 ms,R =2 s,and a frequency of 0.19 Hz.

Objective To analyze the indication,ways,therapeutic effect,dose prescription and complication of skull base tumor treated by Gamma Knife.Methods Clinical data,including general information,method of treatment and therapeutic effect of 278 benign skull base tumors treated by Gamma Knife were studied retrospectively.Results All patients were followed up for at least 2 years.The clinical conditions improved significantly in 130 patients,remained stable in 125 patients,and worsened in 23 patients.The 5 years progression-free survival rate was 89.5%(249/278)by Kaplan-Meier analysis.The results of Log-rank analysis revealed that better results appeared in patients with smaller tumors.≤3 cm compared with those tumors＞3 am(X2=5.41,P=0.02),and in patients experiencing tumor resection compared with those without history of su~ery respectively(X2=3.96,P=0.047).10 of the 11 cases with tumors＞3 cm who were treated by volume-staged prescription achieved local tumor control.Brain edema occurred in 3 patients,apoplexy of tumor in 1 patient,hydrocephalus in 3 patents,dysfunction of cranial nerves in 12 patients.Conclusion For skull base tumor,Gamma Knife is a major choice,with low risk and maybe an alternative for those small tumors.For those residues after craniotomy,Gamma Knife maybe an auxiliary treatment,and it can be cautiously applied in those with large tumors who cannot tolerate surgery for various reasons.