Background In 2021, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) emerged as the forth leading cause of death in the world. However, the impact of air pollutants on COPD is still inconsistent across current studies. Objective To analyze the relationship between ambient sulfur dioxide (SO₂) exposure and hospital admissions for COPD in Lanzhou, and to examine the modified effects of SO₂ across different genders, age groups, and seasons. Methods A total of 20718 hospital admission records for COPD were collected from Lanzhou between 2016 and 2020, alongside synchronized data on SO₂ concentration and meteorological variables. A generalized additive model integrated with a distributed lag nonlinear model was used to assess the relationship and the lag effects between SO₂ exposure and COPD admissions. Potential confounders, including meteorological factors, day-of-the-week effect, and holidays, were controlled for, with a maximum lag period set at 7 d. Two-pollutant models and sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure robustness. Results are expressed as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results During the study period, the average daily number of COPD admissions was 11.34±7.03. The average mass concentration of SO₂ was (23.72±12.35) μg·m⁻³. SO₂ exposure was positively correlated with COPD admissions; specifically, each 10 μg·m⁻³ increase in SO₂ concentration was associated with an RR of 1.440 (95%CI: 1.317, 1.573). Stratified analyses found that at a cumulative lag of 7 d, the RRs were higher among females, individuals aged ≥65 years, and during the cold season. Conversely, no significant increase in COPD admission risk related to SO₂ was observed during the warm season. For every 10 μg·m⁻³ increase in SO₂ concentration, the RR was 1.483 (95%CI: 1.311, 1.678) for females, 1.441 (95%CI: 1.311, 1.583) for those aged > 65 years， and 1.595 (95%CI: 1.313, 1.937) during the cold season. Conclusion Short-term exposure to ambient SO₂ exposure in Lanzhou is associated with an increased risk of COPD admission. The association is more pronounced among females, the elderly (aged> 65 years) and during the cold season.

Objective: To analyze the status of wasting among primary and secondary school students in Guangxi from 2021 to 2025, to explore the factors associated with wasting, so as to provide scientific evidence for improving student s nutrition. Methods: Based on the National Surveillance and Intervention Program on Common Diseases and Health Risk Factors among Students, a stratified cluster random sampling was adopted from 2021 to 2025 to recruit 71 077, 236 511, 243 466, 249 619 and 246 259 primary and secondary school students in Guangxi for physical examination and questionnaire survey. The χ 2 test was used for intergroup comparisons. Chi-square trend test was used to conduct trend analysis. Multilevel Logistic regression model was employed to identify factors associated with wasting. Results: The overall wasting detection rate was 11.65% during 2021-2025. Over the five year period, the rate exhibited a S shaped fluctuation pattern characterized by "decline-rise-decline" and the difference across years was statistically significant ( χ 2=230.53, P <0.05). Multilevel Logistic regression analysis showed that male students ( OR = 1.63 ), primary school students ( OR =1.53) and junior high school students ( OR =1.12), boarding students ( OR =1.08), and students with adequate sleep duration ( OR =1.12) were positively correlated with the risk of wasting (all P <0.05). Students who consumed sugar sweetened beverages ≥1 time/day ( OR =0.93), ate fresh fruit ≥1 time/day ( OR =0.95), had moderate to vigorous physical activity for more than 60 minutes per day ( OR =0.88), and had moderate to vigorous physical activity for more than 60 minutes per day on more than half of weekend days ( OR =0.88) were negatively correlated with the risk of wasting (all P <0.05). Conclusions Wasting status among primary and secondary school students in Guangxi improved between 2021 and 2025, though fluctuations persisted. Greater attention should be paid to the nutritional status of male students and boarding students. While cultivating balanced dietary habits and appropriate exercise behaviors, the complex relationship between sleep and malnutrition should also be given due consideration.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of proprioceptive stimulation combined with shoulder strength training on cervical muscle morphology, vertebral artery hemodynamics, proprioception and motor function in healthy young men. MethodsThirty healthy young men recruited from Beijing Bo'ai Hospital between January, 2022 and June, 2024 were randomly divided into a proprioceptive stimulation (PS) group, a strength training (ST) group and a combined training (CT) group, with ten participants in each group. PS group received proprioceptive stimulation using suspension vibration, ST group received isometric contraction of the right shoulder joint in six directions, and CT group received both interventions concurrently, for four weeks. Before and after intervention, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the right cervical multifidus, the end diastolic velocity (EDV) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the vertebral artery, cervical range of motion (ROM), isometric peak torque (IPT) and cervical joint position error (CJPE) were measured. ResultsAll 30 subjects completed the study, and no serious adverse events were reported. The time-by-group interaction in CSA was significant (F = 10.183, P = 0.001, partial η² = 0.430); CSA was higher in CT group than in PS group and ST group (P < 0.05). The time-by-group interactions in EDV and PSV were significant (F > 4.036, P < 0.05, partial η² > 0.230); PSV was significantly higher in CT group than in PS group and ST group (P < 0.001). The time-by-group interaction in extension ROM was significant (F = 54.277, P < 0.001, partial η² = 0.801); extension ROM was significantly higher in CT group than in PS group and ST group (P < 0.001). The time-by-group interactions in flexion, extension and lateral flexion IPT were significant (F > 14.251, P < 0.001; partial η² > 0.514); flexion IPT was higher in CT group than in PS group and ST group (P < 0.05). ConclusionIn healthy young men, proprioceptive stimulation combined with shoulder strength training can improve neck muscle strength, blood flow and motor function.

BACKGROUND:Hydroxy safflower yellow A has anti-ischemia,anti-oxidation,anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects.Whether it affects neuronal pyroptosis after glucose-oxygen deprivation/reglucose-reoxygenation is still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of hydroxy safflower yellow A on neuronal pyroptosis and its mechanism. METHODS:HT22 cells in logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into five groups:normal group,model group,hydroxy safflower yellow A group,colivelin group,and colivelin+hydroxy safflower yellow A group.HT22 cells were treated with glucose-oxygen deprivation/reglucose-reoxygenation to establish neuronal pyroptosis model,and then treated with STAT3 agonist Colivelin and hydroxy safflower yellow A.JC-1 probe was employed to assess changes in mitochondrial membrane potential.Reactive oxygen species kit was used to determine the content of reactive oxygen species in cells.GSDMD/TUNEL staining was conducted to observe cell pyroptosis.Immunofluorescence analysis was performed to detect STAT3 and GSDMD protein expression.RT-PCR was utilized for assessing mRNA expression levels of STAT3,NLRP3,and Caspase-1.Western blot assay was utilized to measure the protein expression levels of p-STAT3,NLRP3,GSDMD,Cleaved-caspase-1,and interleukin-1β. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the normal group,the number of pyroptotic cells increased in HT22 cells in the model group along with a significant increase in protein expression levels of p-STAT3,NLRP3,Cleaved-caspase-1,GSDMD,and interleukin-1β.Compared with the model group,the number of pyroptotic cells reduced,and the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins significantly decreased in the hydroxy safflower yellow A group.(2)In comparison with the model group,pyroptosis worsened in the colivelin group where mitochondrial membrane potential decreased along with elevated reactive oxygen species content and increased mRNA expression levels of STAT3,NLRP3,and Caspase-1,as well as increased protein expression levels of p-STAT3,NLRP3,GSDMD,Cleaved-caspase-1,and interleukin-1β.Compared with the Colivelin group,above indexes were improved in the colivelin+hydroxy safflower yellow A group.These results suggest that hydroxy safflower yellow A plays a neuroprotective role through STAT3 signaling pathway to inhibit HT22 pyroptosis after glucose-oxygen deprivation/reglucose-reoxygenation treatment.

Objective To establish primary breast cancer cell lines from patient tissues and offer a new cancer cell model for basic research.Methods Breast cancer biopsy tissues were digested with typeⅡcollagenase and cultured in BCMI medium.When the cells proliferated rapidly,the medium was switched to DMEM.STR genotyping was per-formed to identify specific genetic markers of the four primary breast cancer cell lines.Colony expansion assays and sphere formation assays were conducted to analyze its tumorigenicity.Real-time PCR and Western blot experiments were used to analyze the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)molecule markers.Migration and invasion assays were performed to assess the metastatic potential of the primary breast cancer cells.Results We es?tablished four primary breast cancer cell lines:BC25#,BC51#,BC56#,and BC57#.These cell lines were cultured in DMEM medium,passaged multiple times and tagged with details about their clinical past.STR genotyping identified specific genetic markers for each of the four primary breast cancer cell lines.Clonogenic and sphere formation assays revealed that the four lines have a stronger tumor?forming capability compared to the classic breast cancer cell line T?47D.Real?time PCR and Western blot experiments showed that,compared to T?47D,the four primary breast cancer cell lines have decreased E?cadherin expression and increased vimentin expression.Migration and invasion assays indicated that BC25#had a higher metastatic potential than the traditional breast cancer cell line T?47D.Conclusions Four primary breast cancer cell lines,BC25#,BC51#,BC56#and BC57#are successfully estab?lished,which may act as new cancer cell model for laboratory research of breast cancer.

Objective:To compare the diagnostic efficacy of 18F-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/MR and contrast-enhanced CT in detecting metachronous ovarian metastasis after gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma (GSRCC) surgery, and to evaluate its impact on clinical decision-making. Methods:This study employed a diagnostic test design. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 26 female patients with suspected metachronous ovarian metastasis following GSRCC resection between January 2023 and June 2025 in Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. All patients underwent both 18F-FAPI PET/MR and contrast-enhanced CT within 2 weeks. Using histopathology or clinical imaging follow-up (≥6 months) as the reference standard, the diagnostic performance of both modalities was compared (McNemar test, Fisher exact test and Delong test), and changes in clinical management were analyzed. Results:Metachronous ovarian metastasis was confirmed in 12 patients (22 lesions). 18F-FAPI PET/MR showed significantly higher sensitivity (90.9%(20/22) vs 72.7%(16/22); χ2=4.10, P=0.043), specificity (100%(30/30) vs 50.0%(15/30); χ2=13.01, P<0.001), and accuracy (96.2%(50/52) vs 59.6%(31/52); χ2=15.43, P<0.001), compared to contrast-enhanced CT, with a significantly higher AUC (0.964 vs 0.815; Z=2.85, P=0.015). It also demonstrated superior detection of extraovarian metastases, including anastomotic recurrence, peritoneal spread, and lymph node involvement ( P values: 0.004-0.031), and identified 5 additional rare-site metastases in 3 patients that were missed by contrast-enhanced CT. Based on 18F-FAPI PET/MR findings, clinical management was adjusted in 6 patients with metastasis. Conclusion:18F-FAPI PET/MR outperforms contrast-enhanced CT in diagnosing metachronous ovarian metastasis and performing whole-body restaging in post-surgical GSRCC patients, therapy provides critical evidence for informing decision-making.

Objective:To investigate the effect of ginkgolide B(GB)on astrocyte(AST)phagocytosis of myelin debris,and to investigate the mechanism of this functional therapy to demyelination by targeting AST.Methods:In vitro culture of AST,and divided AST into three groups:Control group,Myelin debris(Debris)group and Debris+GB group,incubed them in a constant temperature CO2 cell culture incubator for 24 hours,and then detected relevant indicators to observe the effect of GB on AST on phagocytic myelin debris.Results:Compared to the phagocytosis of myelin debris by primary AST,GB could effectively promote the phagocytosis by AST and show enhanced ABCA-1 expression(both P<0.05).Phagocytosis of myelin debris had no effect on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by in vitro cultured AST.Debris+GB increased the expressions of neurotrophic CNTF and B-FGF compared to Debris(both P<0.05).Furthermore,Debris+GB decreased Bax and Caspase-3,while increased Bcl-2 expression(all P<0.05).Conclusion:GB can promote the phagocytosis of myelin debris by AST,which may be related to the upregulation of ABCA-1.Meanwhile,phagocytosis of myelin debris by AST increases the expression of the neurotrophic factors and the inhibits the apoptosis of AST themselves.

Objective:To investigate the analgesic effect of Opisthoplatia orientalis Burm. polypeptides (OOBP) on postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) induced by resiniferatoxin (RTX) in rat models, and its effect on the phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) -induced kinase 1/Parkin (PINK1/Parkin) signaling pathway. Methods:Thirty-two special pathogen-free rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: a blank control group ( n = 8) receiving intraperitoneal injections of physiological saline (0.20 mg/kg) , and a model group ( n = 24) receiving intraperitoneal injections of RTX (0.20 mg/kg) to establish the PHN rat model. The rats' paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) was measured on days 1, 4, 7, and 10 after RTX injections. After 10 days of RTX treatment, rat models were randomly assigned to 3 subgroups: PHN group, OOBP group, and gabapentin group, with 8 rats in each group. The OOBP group and gabapentin group were gavaged with OOBP (equivalent to 0.9 g raw drug per kg) and gabapentin (27 mg/kg) respectively, while the PHN group and control group were gavaged with physiological saline. All treatments lasted for 3 weeks, during which PWMT was continuously monitored. One hour after the final dose, rats were sacrificed, and spinal cord tissues and serum samples were collected. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe spinal pathological changes, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) , tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) , β-endorphin (β-EP) , and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) , and Western blot analysis to determine the expression of PINK1, Parkin, and ubiquitin-binding protein P62 in rat spinal cord tissues. The entropy weight method was applied to comprehensively evaluate the effect of OOBP on the above cytokines, proteins and other pharmacodynamic indicators in rat models of PHN. Results:From day 1 to day 10 after modeling, PWMT values in the model group were significantly lower than those in the blank control group (all P < 0.05) , and also significantly lower than baseline values prior to modeling (all P < 0.05) . Histopathological analysis of rat spinal cord tissues showed less pathological changes (such as Nissl body swelling and neuronal necrosis) but more normal Nissl bodies in both the gabapentin group and OOBP group compared with the PHN group. ELISA revealed significantly decreased serum levels of TNF-α and CGRP but significantly increased serum levels of β-EP and IL-10 in the OOBP group compared with the PHN group (all P < 0.05) . Western blot analysis showed that expression levels of PINK1 and Parkin were significantly lower in the gabapentin group (0.441 ± 0.061, 0.597 ± 0.180, respectively) and the OOBP group (0.666 ± 0.117, 0.481 ± 0.073, respectively) than in the PHN group (1.033 ± 0.085, 1.088 ± 0.040, respectively, all P < 0.05) ; in contrast, the P62 expression significantly increased in the gabapentin group (0.810 ± 0.086) and OOBP group (0.902 ± 0.153) compared with the PHN group (0.543 ± 0.082, both P < 0.05) . The entropy weight analysis showed that the comprehensive scores were 0.222 and 0.229 in the OOBP group and the gabapentin group respectively, suggesting a greater overall therapeutic effect of OOBP. Conclusion:OOBP may exert analgesic effects in rat models of PHN by downregulating the expression of inflammatory factors and pain-related factors and modulating the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting mitochondrial autophagy in spinal neurons and reducing inflammatory responses.

Extensive epigenetic reprogramming involves in memory CD8+ T-cell differentiation. The elaborate epigenetic rewiring underlying the heterogeneous functional states of CD8+ T cells remains hidden. Here, we profile single-cell chromatin accessibility and map enhancer-promoter interactomes to characterize the differentiation trajectory of memory CD8+ T cells. We reveal that under distinct epigenetic regulations, the early activated CD8+ T cells divergently originated for short-lived effector and memory precursor effector cells. We also uncover a defined epigenetic rewiring leading to the conversion from effector memory to central memory cells during memory formation. Additionally, we illustrate chromatin regulatory mechanisms underlying long-lasting versus transient transcription regulation during memory differentiation. Finally, we confirm the essential roles of Sox4 and Nrf2 in developing memory precursor effector and effector memory cells, respectively, and validate cell state-specific enhancers in regulating Il7r using CRISPR-Cas9. Our data pave the way for understanding the mechanism underlying epigenetic memory formation in CD8+ T-cell differentiation.
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism* ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromatin/immunology* ; Animals ; Mice ; Immunologic Memory ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; SOXC Transcription Factors/immunology* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/immunology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic