Objective:To evaluate the role of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated microglia activation in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion-induced brain injury in mice.Methods:Fifty-two SPF healthy male wild-type C57BL/6 mice and 52 NLRP3 -/- mice, aged 8-10 weeks, were divided into 4 groups ( n=26 each) using a random number table method: wild type sham operation group (W-S group), wild type myocardial ischemia-reperfusion group (W-IR group), NLRP3 -/- sham operation group (NLRP3 -/--S group), and NLRP3 -/- myocardial ischemia-reperfusion group (NLRP3 -/--IR group). The myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced brain injury model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 45 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion in anesthetized mice. The cognitive function was evaluated using the modified Morris water maze test at 24 h of reperfusion. The mice were sacrificed after blood specimens were collected, and brain tissues were obtained for measurement of the blood-brain barrier permeability and water content, for microscopic examination of the pathological changes of brain tissues, and for determination of serum S-100β protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) concentrations, contents of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in hippocampal tissues (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), expression of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), cleaved cysteine aspartate protease 1 (cleaved-caspase-1), gasdermin D (GSDMD), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), and occludin in hippocampal tissues (by immunofluorescence and/or Western blot). The apoptosis rate of neurons and density of dendritic spine were calculated. Results:Compared with sham operation group, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the number of crossing the original platform was decreased, and the time spent in the target quadrant was shortened, the concentrations of serum S-100β protein and NSE were increased, the blood-brain barrier permeability and brain water content were increased, the dendritic spine density in the hippocampal CA1 area was decreased, the contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were increased, the expression of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved-caspase-1, GSDMD and Iba-1 was up-regulated, and the expression of occludin was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and the pathological injury to brain tissues was found in ischemia-reperfusion group. Compared with W-IR group, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the number of crossing the original platform was increased, and the time spent in the target quadrant was prolonged, the concentrations of serum S-100β protein and NSE were decreased, the blood-brain barrier permeability and brain water content were decreased, the dendritic spine density in the hippocampal CA1 area was increased, the contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased, the expression of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved-caspase-1, GSDMD and Iba-1 was down-regulated, and the expression of occludin was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and the pathological injury to brain tissues was alleviated in NLRP3 -/--IR group. Conclusions:NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated microglia activation is involved in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion-induced brain injury in mice.

Objective:To evaluate the role of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated microglia activation in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion-induced brain injury in mice.Methods:Fifty-two SPF healthy male wild-type C57BL/6 mice and 52 NLRP3 -/- mice, aged 8-10 weeks, were divided into 4 groups ( n=26 each) using a random number table method: wild type sham operation group (W-S group), wild type myocardial ischemia-reperfusion group (W-IR group), NLRP3 -/- sham operation group (NLRP3 -/--S group), and NLRP3 -/- myocardial ischemia-reperfusion group (NLRP3 -/--IR group). The myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced brain injury model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 45 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion in anesthetized mice. The cognitive function was evaluated using the modified Morris water maze test at 24 h of reperfusion. The mice were sacrificed after blood specimens were collected, and brain tissues were obtained for measurement of the blood-brain barrier permeability and water content, for microscopic examination of the pathological changes of brain tissues, and for determination of serum S-100β protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) concentrations, contents of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in hippocampal tissues (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), expression of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), cleaved cysteine aspartate protease 1 (cleaved-caspase-1), gasdermin D (GSDMD), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), and occludin in hippocampal tissues (by immunofluorescence and/or Western blot). The apoptosis rate of neurons and density of dendritic spine were calculated. Results:Compared with sham operation group, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the number of crossing the original platform was decreased, and the time spent in the target quadrant was shortened, the concentrations of serum S-100β protein and NSE were increased, the blood-brain barrier permeability and brain water content were increased, the dendritic spine density in the hippocampal CA1 area was decreased, the contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were increased, the expression of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved-caspase-1, GSDMD and Iba-1 was up-regulated, and the expression of occludin was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and the pathological injury to brain tissues was found in ischemia-reperfusion group. Compared with W-IR group, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the number of crossing the original platform was increased, and the time spent in the target quadrant was prolonged, the concentrations of serum S-100β protein and NSE were decreased, the blood-brain barrier permeability and brain water content were decreased, the dendritic spine density in the hippocampal CA1 area was increased, the contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased, the expression of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved-caspase-1, GSDMD and Iba-1 was down-regulated, and the expression of occludin was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and the pathological injury to brain tissues was alleviated in NLRP3 -/--IR group. Conclusions:NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated microglia activation is involved in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion-induced brain injury in mice.

Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of dexmedetomidine(Dex)protecting ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)myocardium.Methods:Wild type mice were grouped into control(Control)group,sham operation(Sham)group,WT I/R group,WT Dex group,and Dectin-1 knock out mice were grouped into KO I/R group and KO Dex group in the in vivo study(n=6).TTC stain-ing was used to determine the myocardial infarction area(%)of the above six groups of mice.HE staining and pathological analyze was used to determine the myocardial injury.Serum TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 levels in mice were detected by ELISA.Flow cytometry(FCM)was used to count and sort of infiltrating M2 macrophages and neutrophils in myocardium.qPCR assay was used to determine the Dectin-1 mRNA expression in the above sorted cells.Results:TTC results showed that there was no myocardial infarction in the mice of Control group and Sham group.Compared with the WT I/R group,the infarct volume was significantly lower in WT Dex group,KO I/R group and KO Dex group(P<0.05).Compared with the KO I/R group,the infarct volume was reduced in KO Dex group(P<0.05).The results of HE staining showed that the myocardial fibers of the WT I/R group of mice were disorderly arranged,with a large number of broken myocardial fibers,while the myocardial fibers of the WT Dex group,KO I/R group and KO Dex group of mice had a little breakage,the structural damage was not significant,and the myocardial arrangement was relatively neat.The degree of myocardi-al injury of mice in KO Dex group were less than that in KO I/R group mice.ELISA results showed that compared with Sham group,the serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels of the mice in WT I/R group were significantly increased,and the IL-10 level was significantly de-creased.Compared with WT I/R group,serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels of the mice in WT Dex group and KO I/R group were significant-ly decreased,and IL-10 level was significantly increased.Compared with KO I/R group,the serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels of the mice in KO Dex group were significantly decreased,and the IL-10 level was significantly increased(P<0.05).FCM cell counting results showed that compared with Sham group,a large number of M2 macrophages and neutrophils were infiltrated in the myocardium of WT I/R group of mice(P<0.05).Compared with WT I/R group,the M2 macrophages and neutrophils infiltrated in the myocardium were significantly decreased in WT Dex group,KO I/R group and KO Dex group of mice(P<0.05).While there was no significant differ-ence between the KO I/R group and the KO Dex group mice(P>0.05).qPCR results showed that compared with Sham group,the ex-pression level of Dectin-1 mRNA in the myocardial infiltrated M2 macrophages and neutrophils were significantly up-regulated in WT I/R group of mice(P<0.05).While compared with WT I/R group,the expression level of Dectin-1 mRNA in Dex group of mice was sig-nificantly lower(P<0.05).Mice in KO I/R group and KO Dex group did not express Dectin-1.Conclusion:The protective mecha-nisms of Dex preconditioning on I/R injured myocardium involves reducing the infiltrating number of M2 macrophages and neutrophils in myocardium after I/R injury,which may be achieved by inhibiting the expression of Dectin-1.

Objective:To observe the physiological effect of bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation among stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.Methods:This was a small sample size, exploratory, interventional study. A total of 10 outpatients with stable COPD were included from Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University between January 2018 and December 2018. The BiPAP mode of noninvasive mechanical ventilation was adopted. The inspiratory positive airway pressure was gradually increased from 10 cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa) to 24 cmH 2O, and each time by 2 cmH 2O. The expiratory positive airway pressure remained unchanged at 4 cmH 2O. Baseline and test data were collected before and during the ventilation for comparison, including total respiratory cycle time (T tot), inspiratory time (T i), inspiratory time (T e), inspiratory tidal volume (V Ti); mouth pressure (P mo), esophageal pressure (P eso), transdiaphragmatic pressure (P di), esophageal pressure time product (PTP es), diaphragm pressure time product (PTP di), root mean square of electromyography of diaphragm (RMS), V e/RMS, inspiratory capacity (IC), the change in end-expiratory lung volume (ΔEELV) and dynamic PEEPi (PEEPi dyn). Results:All the 10 patients completed the trial. Compared to calm breathing, V Ti, V e, P mo, IC, ΔEELV score and V e/RMS increased significantly with increasing pressure levels (all P<0.05); T e only increased significantly at 20-22 cmH 2O pressure levels compared to calm breathing ( P<0.05). P di, PTP es, PTP di, RMS and RMS/RMS max decreased significantly with increasing levels (all P<0.05). PTP es and PTP di converged to 0 and no longer showed significant changes after the 18 cmH 2O pressure level. RMS and RMS/RMS max flattened out at pressure level greater than 16 cmH 2O. T i/T tot only significantly decreased at the 20 cmH 2O pressure level compared to calm breathing. PEEPi dyn showed a tendency to decrease and then increase with increasing pressure levels. Conclusion:BiPAP ventilation, at appropriate pressure levels, significantly relieves pulmonary ventilation disorders and reduces the load of respiratory muscle in patients with stable COPD.

【Objective】 To compare the clinical efficacy and sagittal parameters of oblique lateral interbody fusion （OLIF） combined with posterior percutaneous internal fixation and percutaneous transforaminal endoscope-assisted posterior lumbar interbody fusion （PT-Endo-TLIF） in treating degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. 【Methods】 A retrospective analysis was made on 43 patients with Meyerding Ⅰ and Ⅱ° degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis treated in our hospital from September 2017 to January 2020. Among them 23 cases were treated by OLIF， and the other 20 cases were treated by PT-Endo-TLIF. We observed and recorded the operation time， average length of hospital stay， and intraoperative blood loss， and postoperative complications of the patients. The patients were followed up 3 day， 6 and 12 months after the operation. The lumbar sagittal parameters of the two groups were compared by X-ray， CT and MRI examinations. The patients’ lower back pain was recorded for visual analogue scale （VAS）， and Oswestry disability index （ODI） was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy. 【Results】 Both groups of patients successfully completed the operation and follow-up， with the average follow-up time of 12 months. The average amount of intraoperative blood loss and operation time were significantly lower in OLIF group than in PT-Endo-TLIF group （P<0.05）. Intervertebral height increased significantly in the two groups after operation compared with pre-operation （P<0.05）. Compared with pre-operation， lumbar lordosis angle， lower lumbar lordosis angle and lumbar lordosis distribution index increased in both groups （P<0.05）， with no significant difference between them （P>0.05）. The inclination angle of L4 vertebral body and the distance between L1 vertical line and S1 in both groups were decreased compared with those before surgery （P<0.05）， but there was no significant difference between the two groups （P>0.05）. The inclination angle of L5 vertebral body in the two groups was increased compared with that before surgery （P<0.05）， but there was no statistical significance between both groups （P>0.05）. 【Conclusion】 OLIF surgical technique has the comparative advantages of definite curative effect， less trauma， fewer surgical complications， shorter operation time， less bleeding， and good recovery of the height of intervertebral space， which is suitable for its application among clinicians.

Objective:To evaluate the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/Bcl-2/E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) signaling pathway in dexmedetomidine-induced reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain injury in mice.Methods:Sixty clean-grade healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 8-10 weeks, weighting 20-30 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), myocardial I/R group (IR group), myocardial I/R plus dexmedetomidine group (IRD group), myocardial I/R plus HIF-1α inhibitor 2ME2 group (IR-M group), and myocardial I/R plus dexmedetomidine plus HIF-1α inhibitor 2ME2 group (IRD-M group). The myocardial I/R-induced brain injury was produced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion in anesthetized mice.Dexmedetomidine 50 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 5 min before ischemia in IRD group and IRD-M group.In IR-M and IRD-M groups, 2ME2 15 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 5 min before ischemia.Blood samples were collected from the thoracic aorta at 2 h of reperfusion to measure the serum S-100β protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) concentrations.The animals were then sacrificed, brains were removed and hippocampi were obtained for determination of the apoptosis index (by TUNEL method) and expression of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and phosphorylated Tau protein (p-Tau) (by Western blot) and for microscopic examination of the pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region.LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio was calculated. Results:Compared with group S, the concentrations of serum S-100β protein and NSE and apoptosis index of hippocampal neurons were significantly increased, the expression of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin-1 and p-Tau was up-regulated, LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio was increased ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region were aggravated in group IR.Compared with group IR, the concentrations of serum S-100β protein and NSE and apoptosis index of hippocampal neurons were significantly decreased, the expression of HIF-1α, BNIP3 and Beclin-1 was up-regulated, the expression of p-Tau was down-regulated, and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio was increased ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region were significantly attenuated in group IRD.Compared with group IRD, the concentrations of serum S-100β protein and NSE and apoptosis index of hippocampal neurons were significantly increased, the expression of p-Tau was up-regulated, the expression of HIF-1α, BNIP3 and Beclin-1 was down-regulated, LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio was decreased ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region were aggravated in IR-M and IRD-M groups. Conclusions:HIF-1α/BNIP3 signaling pathway is involved in dexmedetomidine-induced reduction of myocardial I/R-induced brain injury in mice.

Effective removal of dental plaque is a key measure to prevent and control common oral diseases and to maintain the long-term effect of dental prostheses. The methods of oral plaque control are mainly depending on mechanical measures, including regular toothbrushing, interdental cleaning and oral irrigation. Toothbrushing is the most common and effective method for mechanical removal of dental plaque.How ever the effect of toothbrushing alone to remove dental plaque is limited. It is necessary to control the interdental plaque using tools such as dental floss and interdental brushes. Oral irrigation is an assistant method to improve oral hygiene. Toothbrushing combined with the use of oral irrigator can significantly improve the removal rate of dental plaque. The present article reviews the research progress of the mechanical plaque control methods and their application results.

Objective This paper aimed at the management needs of the digital technique research-type laboratory of stomatology to explore a "three-stage training management" mode under the concept of "Standard Operating Procedures" (SOP) to improve the traditional training model for laboratory.Methods Experimental technology training management is an important step to insure the safely running of college research-type laboratory.Digital oral medical experimental technique is a kind of new technique developed in recent years,it is one of the important technical means of oral medical research today.In this paper,we based on the scientific research service demand of digital technique research-type laboratory in oral medical colleges explored and established a kind of three-stage training management mode under the concept of "Standard Operating Procedures".This training management mode included network self-study training,laboratory practical training and regular self-study training.Results The SOP training management model has achieved a good preliminary application effect in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology.Conclusions The training management model established in this study could improve the traditional training model and provide a theoretical support and experience for the domestic oral medical colleges.

Objective To study effects of Kanglaite injection combined with gefitinib on inflammatory factors and immune function in patients with advanced lung cancer.Methods 98 patients with advanced lung cancer in First People 's Hospital of Yuhang District from December 2013 to September 2016 were selected and randomly divided into gefitinib-treated group and combination drug-treated group with 49 cases in each group.The patients in the gefitinib-treated group were treated with gefitinib, the patients in the combination drug-treated group were treated with gefitinib and Kanglaite injection.The clinical efficacy, inflammatory factors, immune function, quality of life and adverse reactions were observed and compared between the two groups. Results The efficacy and control rate in combination drug-treated group were higher than gefitinib-treated group(P<0.05).The inflammatory factors such as CRP, IL-6 and TNF-αwere significantly improved in the two groups before treatment, and the combination drug-treated group improved significantly better than gefitinib-treated group(P<0.05).The levels of cellular immune factors in the two groups were significantly improved compared with that before treatment, and the combination drug-treated group was significantly better than the gefitinib-treated group(P<0.05).The quality of life in the combination drug-treated group was significantly higher than the gefitinib-treated group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting, thrombocytopenia, and renal dysfunction in combination drug-treated group was lower than in the gefitinib-treated group( P<0.05).Conclusion Application of gefitinib combined with Kanglaite injection in the treatment of patients with advanced lung cancer treatment is more significant, can effectively reduce the systemic inflammation and adverse reactions, improve immune function and quality of life.

An in vitro detection method of the gastrointestinal absorption of Pilose Antler protein was established for mixed protein activity. Five bands of protein with molecular weight of 17.8-160 kD derived from the Pilose Antler were extracted and sufficiently labeled with FITC (FITC-PE). The stability and variation of FITC-PE in gastrointestinal circumstances were detected by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and confocal laser scanning microscope. Results showed that the main component of FITC-PE kept invariant after being reacted with artificial gastric fluid and artificial intestinal fluid. The fluorescence signal was detected 20 min after administration in the valgus intestinal purse experiment, and three kinds of protein, with molecular weight of 45, 25, and 17.8 kD, were detected in the mixture of absorbent protein. The research laid the foundation for the further in vivo study of Pilose Antler protein. Meanwhile, it would be an in vitro screening method for the absorption, distribution and metabolism of mixed protein from traditional Chinese medicine.