Colorectal cancer （CRC） is one of the most common cancers， with its incidence ranking high among cancers. It stands as the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the early stages， CRC lacks specific symptoms， and most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages， making it a major research focus in the field of gastrointestinal tumors. Currently， clinical CRC treatments face several common challenges， including high surgical risks， frequent metastasis and recurrence， drug resistance， and significant side effects from chemotherapy and radiation therapy. With the development and application of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， it has been found that TCM and its active ingredients can effectively inhibit CRC cell proliferation， invasion， migration， and angiogenesis， and promote apoptosis and autophagy， thereby slowing the progression of CRC. This has become a key focus of CRC treatment research. Salvia Miltiorrhiza has multiple pharmacological effects， including activating blood circulation to dispel blood stasis， unlocking meridians to relieve pain， clearing heat to calm irritability， and cooling blood to reduce abscesses. It contains a variety of chemical components， including diterpenoids， phenolic acids， flavonoids， polysaccharides， nitrogen-containing compounds， steroids， and lactone compounds. This review summarized the molecular mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients in the treatment of CRC. It is found that these ingredients exert anti-CRC effects through various molecular mechanisms， including cell cycle arrest， promotion of apoptosis， inhibition of cell invasion and migration， induction of autophagy， suppression of tumor angiogenesis， and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. The review aims to provide new insights for the drug development and clinical application of Salvia miltiorrhiza in CRC treatment.

ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanisms by which ligustilide （LIG） exerts neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke （IS） by inhibiting the release of neutrophil extracellular traps （NETs）， promoting blood-brain barrier repair， and alleviating post-ischemic neuroinflammation， thereby providing a new direction for IS treatment. MethodsA middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） model was established in rats. The rats were divided into the sham operation （Sham） group， model （Model） group， low- and high-dose LIG groups （20， 40 mg·kg^-1）， and the NET inhibitor CI-amidine group （CI-amidine， 10 mg·kg^-1）. Drug treatments were administered for 3 days. Neurological injury after ischemia was evaluated by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining， neurological deficit scoring， and brain index measurement. Flow cytometry and Western blot were used to analyze changes in neutrophil expression. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the fluorescence intensity of the NET marker citrullinated histone H3 （H3Cit）. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of blood-brain barrier tight junction-related proteins and inflammatory factors， including interleukin-18 （IL-18） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β）. ResultsCompared with the Sham group， the Model group exhibited significant brain tissue injury （P<0.05）， significantly increased neutrophil numbers and NET expression （P<0.05）， significantly impaired blood-brain barrier permeability （P<0.05）， and significantly increased expression of inflammatory factors （P<0.05）. Compared with the Model group， both low- and high-dose LIG significantly alleviated brain tissue injury in rats （P<0.01）， inhibited neutrophil numbers and NET expression （P<0.01）， reduced blood-brain barrier damage （P<0.01）， and suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors IL-18 and IL-1β （P<0.01）， thereby ultimately exerting a neuroprotective effect. ConclusionThe neuroprotective effect of LIG in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury may be related to inhibition of neutrophils and the NETs induced by them.

ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanisms by which ligustilide （LIG） exerts neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke （IS） by inhibiting the release of neutrophil extracellular traps （NETs）， promoting blood-brain barrier repair， and alleviating post-ischemic neuroinflammation， thereby providing a new direction for IS treatment. MethodsA middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） model was established in rats. The rats were divided into the sham operation （Sham） group， model （Model） group， low- and high-dose LIG groups （20， 40 mg·kg^-1）， and the NET inhibitor CI-amidine group （CI-amidine， 10 mg·kg^-1）. Drug treatments were administered for 3 days. Neurological injury after ischemia was evaluated by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining， neurological deficit scoring， and brain index measurement. Flow cytometry and Western blot were used to analyze changes in neutrophil expression. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the fluorescence intensity of the NET marker citrullinated histone H3 （H3Cit）. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of blood-brain barrier tight junction-related proteins and inflammatory factors， including interleukin-18 （IL-18） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β）. ResultsCompared with the Sham group， the Model group exhibited significant brain tissue injury （P<0.05）， significantly increased neutrophil numbers and NET expression （P<0.05）， significantly impaired blood-brain barrier permeability （P<0.05）， and significantly increased expression of inflammatory factors （P<0.05）. Compared with the Model group， both low- and high-dose LIG significantly alleviated brain tissue injury in rats （P<0.01）， inhibited neutrophil numbers and NET expression （P<0.01）， reduced blood-brain barrier damage （P<0.01）， and suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors IL-18 and IL-1β （P<0.01）， thereby ultimately exerting a neuroprotective effect. ConclusionThe neuroprotective effect of LIG in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury may be related to inhibition of neutrophils and the NETs induced by them.

Parkinson's disease （PD） is a complex neurodegenerative disease involving multiple systems and neurotransmitters. Due to the high clinical heterogeneity of PD，it is urgent to establish a comprehensive and long-term traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） management model. In this paper，the conceptual framework of full-cycle management of PD is preliminarily constructed：based on the evolution of the pathophysiological mechanisms of protein deposition and neurotransmitter disorder in PD，the three-stage syndrome characteristics of the prodromal stage （predominant healthy Qi with subtle pathogenic factors），the early clinical stage （declining healthy Qi with growing pathogenic factors） and the middle and late stages （overwhelming pathogenic factors with deficient healthy Qi） are longitudinally described. Through the syndrome differentiation of visceral manifestations，the etiology and pathogenesis of PD motor and non-motor symptoms were comprehensively analyzed，while the matching treatment methods and prescriptions were inferred，and the modular scheme of the combining main symptoms，accompanying symptoms and secondary symptoms was proposed. The conceptual gap of TCM regarding motor complications （'variable syndrome'） and PD-related hyperpyrexia syndrome （'critical syndrome'） was explained. This framework reflects the characteristics of combination of disease and syndrome and overall constant motion，and provides new theories and research ideas for individualized and whole-process management of PD in TCM.

Parkinson's disease （PD） is a complex neurodegenerative disease involving multiple systems and neurotransmitters. Due to the high clinical heterogeneity of PD，it is urgent to establish a comprehensive and long-term traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） management model. In this paper，the conceptual framework of full-cycle management of PD is preliminarily constructed：based on the evolution of the pathophysiological mechanisms of protein deposition and neurotransmitter disorder in PD，the three-stage syndrome characteristics of the prodromal stage （predominant healthy Qi with subtle pathogenic factors），the early clinical stage （declining healthy Qi with growing pathogenic factors） and the middle and late stages （overwhelming pathogenic factors with deficient healthy Qi） are longitudinally described. Through the syndrome differentiation of visceral manifestations，the etiology and pathogenesis of PD motor and non-motor symptoms were comprehensively analyzed，while the matching treatment methods and prescriptions were inferred，and the modular scheme of the combining main symptoms，accompanying symptoms and secondary symptoms was proposed. The conceptual gap of TCM regarding motor complications （'variable syndrome'） and PD-related hyperpyrexia syndrome （'critical syndrome'） was explained. This framework reflects the characteristics of combination of disease and syndrome and overall constant motion，and provides new theories and research ideas for individualized and whole-process management of PD in TCM.

Objective To systematically evaluate and integrate real experience and feelings of self-determination in home-based exercise rehabilitation of stroke patients.Methods We searched databases including PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Sinomed.The literature of qualitative research on self-determination experience in home-based exercise rehabilitation of stroke patients from the establishment of the database to February 2024 was retrieved.The literature was evaluated using the Australian JBI Quality Evaluation Criteria for Qualitative Research in Evidence-based Health Care Centers(2016),and the results were consolidated using an aggregative integration approach.Results A total of 23 theme were extracted,and 10 new categories were formed after induction and integration,which were finally merged into 3 integrated results,including multiple dilemmas in rehabilitation self-determination,motivation transformation during self-determination,strategies to achieve self-determination.Conclusion During the process of home-based exercise rehabilitation for stroke patients,medical personnel should pay attention to patients'determination dilemma,motivation changes and related strategies they adopt.Targeted decision-making programs should be developed for stroke patients,aiming for the scientific and precise advancement of exercise rehabilitation.

This study aims to explore the mechanism of Shenling Baizhu San(SLBZS)in the treat-ment of ulcerative colitis(UC)based on systematic network pharmacology and in vivo experimen-tal verification.Systematic network pharmacology was used to predict the core targets and key pathways of the SLBZS in the treatment of UC,it was further validated in UC model of BALB/c mice which were established with DSS[3.5％(w/v)],and SLBZS was given orally for treatment at the same time.Network analysis of SLBZS identified 153 active compounds and 68 compound-re-lated targets correlated with UC.Additionally,5 core active compounds were obtained,such as rob-inin,luteolin,kaempferol,quercetin,denudatin B.Most of the compounds have proven to have phar-macological activities.Based on PPI network and pathway enrichment studies,SLBZS may exert anti-inflammatory,immunological regulation,and participate in the process of apoptosis through regulating IL6,TNF,IL1B,PTGS2,TP53,STAT3,CASP3,IL10,CXCL8,IL2,PPARG,PTPRC,IFNG,MTOR,MMP9,so as to affect cell differentiation,TNF signaling,cancer signaling,IL-17 signaling,NF-Kappa B signaling of Th17 cell.The results of in vivo animal experiments showed that SBP could significantly improve the clinical symptoms and colonic pathological changes of UC mice,regulate the abnormal changes of blood routine indexes,increase the serum inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10,and reduce the contents of IL-6,IL-2,IL-1β and TNF-α.These results indi-cates that SBP can treat ulcerative colitis through TNF signaling pathway and NF-Kappa B signa-ling pathway.

This study aims to explore the mechanism of Shenling Baizhu San(SLBZS)in the treat-ment of ulcerative colitis(UC)based on systematic network pharmacology and in vivo experimen-tal verification.Systematic network pharmacology was used to predict the core targets and key pathways of the SLBZS in the treatment of UC,it was further validated in UC model of BALB/c mice which were established with DSS[3.5％(w/v)],and SLBZS was given orally for treatment at the same time.Network analysis of SLBZS identified 153 active compounds and 68 compound-re-lated targets correlated with UC.Additionally,5 core active compounds were obtained,such as rob-inin,luteolin,kaempferol,quercetin,denudatin B.Most of the compounds have proven to have phar-macological activities.Based on PPI network and pathway enrichment studies,SLBZS may exert anti-inflammatory,immunological regulation,and participate in the process of apoptosis through regulating IL6,TNF,IL1B,PTGS2,TP53,STAT3,CASP3,IL10,CXCL8,IL2,PPARG,PTPRC,IFNG,MTOR,MMP9,so as to affect cell differentiation,TNF signaling,cancer signaling,IL-17 signaling,NF-Kappa B signaling of Th17 cell.The results of in vivo animal experiments showed that SBP could significantly improve the clinical symptoms and colonic pathological changes of UC mice,regulate the abnormal changes of blood routine indexes,increase the serum inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10,and reduce the contents of IL-6,IL-2,IL-1β and TNF-α.These results indi-cates that SBP can treat ulcerative colitis through TNF signaling pathway and NF-Kappa B signa-ling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the effects of 4-week moderate intensity treadmil1 exercise on knee cartilage patholo-gy and the activity of Cytokine-like 1(Cytl1)-C-C motif chemokine receptor 2(CCR2)pathway in knee carti-lage of rats with monoiodoacetate(MIA)induced knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Method:Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into control group,control and exercise group,knee osteoarthritis group and knee osteoarthritis and exercise group.The KOA model was induced by intraarticular injection of MIA,and the moderate intensity treadmill exercise was carried out for 4 weeks after MIA injection.The changes of body weight and knee joint swelling were recorded dynamically;the osteophytes and deformities of knee joint were observed by X-ray and stereomicroscope;the structural changes of knee cartilage were evaluated by toluidine blue staining;the apoptosis of chondrocytes was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL);and the bioinformatics analysis of gene expression omnibus(GEO)data set was used to predict the potential key pathways of exercise alleviating KOA pathology.Immunohistochemical staining or Western Blot was used to detect the protein expression of related molecules in cartilage tissue.Result:The KOA rat model was successfully established,and 4-week moderate intensity treadmill exercise could alleviate the pathological characteristics of KOA and inhibit cartilage degeneration and apoptosis;bioinfor-matics analysis of GEO data set showed that Cytl1-CCR2 pathway might be involved in the alleviation of KOA by exercise;4-week moderate intensity treadmill exercise promoted the expression of Cytl1,while inhibit-ed the expression of proteins related to CCR2 pathway in cartilage tissue of KOA rats.Conclusion:4-week moderate intensity treadmill can improve the pathological characteristics of knee cartilage injury in KOA rats,which might be related to the activity of Cytl1-CCR2 pathway.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of unilateral biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(UBE-TLIF),minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(MIS-TLIF),and posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF)in patients with lumbar disc degenerative change.Methods The medical records of 101 patients with lumbar disc degenerative change who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were retrospectively collected,and they were divided into UBE-TLIF group(37 cases),MIS-TLIF group(33 cases)and PLIF group(31 cases)according to types of operation.The operation related indexes,visual analogue scale(VAS),dysfunction and postoperative complications of the three groups were compared.The height of the intervertebral space and the lumbar lordosis angle were measured before and after surgery.Interbody fusion 12 months after surgery were evaluated via Bridwell criteria.Results The duration of operation of UBE-TLIF group was significantly longer than that of MIS-TLIF group and PLIF group,and MIS-TLIF group was significantly longer than that of PLIF group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);The intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume in the UBE-TLIF group were significantly less than those in the MIS-TLIF group and PLIF group,and the MIS-TLIF group was significantly less than that in the PLIF group,the postoperative hospital stay in the UBE-TLIF group was significantly shorter than that in the MIS-TLIF group and PLIF group,and the MIS-TLIF group was significantly shorter than that in the PLIF group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);The VAS of low back pain and leg pain at 1,3,and 12 months after operation in the 3 groups were significantly lower than those before operation(P＜0.05);The VAS of low back pain and leg pain at 1 and 3 months after operation in the UBE-TLIF group was significantly lower than that in the MIS-TLIF group and the PLIF group,and the VAS of low back pain and leg pain in the MIS-TLIF group was significantly lower than that in the PLIF group(P＜0.05);The Oswestry disability index(ODI)at 1,3 and 12 months after operation in the 3 groups was significantly lower than that before operation,and the ODI in UBE-TLIF group was significantly lower than that in MIS-TLIF group and PLIF group at 1 month after operation,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);The intervertebral space height and lumbar lordosis angle at 1,3,and 12 months after operation were significantly bigger than those before operation in 3 groups(P＜0.05);At 12 months after operation,the intervertebral fusion rates of UBE-TLIF group,MIS-TLIF group and PLIF group were 94.59%,93.94%and 93.55%,respectively,showing no significant difference among the 3 groups(P＞0.05);The interbody fusion time in UBE-TLIF group and MIS-TLIF group was significantly shorter than that in PLIF group(P＜0.05);There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications among the three groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion UBE-TLIF,MIS-TLIF and PLIF can all achieve a higher interbody fusion rate in treating lumbar disc degenerative change,and UBE-TLIF and MIS-TLIF cause less serious surgical trauma,while UBE-TLIF outperforms MIS-TLIF in respect of surgical trauma,and sees faster postoperative recovery.