Objective To explore the correlation between serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)levels and cerebral microbleeds(CMBs)and cognitive impairment and to assess the predictive value of HIF-1α for CSVD-related cognitive impairment.Methods A total of 104 patients with CSVD who attended the Department of Neurology,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from June 2022 to November 2023 were enrolled.All enrolled patients were subjected to basic statistics,cranial nuclear magnetic resonance examination,cognitive function assessment,and serum HIF-1α test,and the number and location of CMBs were counted.Based on the above data the enrolled patients were grouped.The correlation between HIF-1α and cognitive function and CMBs was studied the influencing factors of CMBs and cognitive impairment were analyzed,and the predictive value of HIF-1α on the occurrence of cognitive impairment was evaluated.Results There were statistically significant differences in HIF-1α levels and cognitive function among different CMBs groups.Serum HIF-1α levels were significantly negatively correlated with overall cognitive function,visuospatial and executive function,attention,and delayed recall,and serum HIF-1α was positively correlated with the number of CMBs.HIF-1α may be a risk factor for CMBs and cognitive impairment associated with CSVD,and serum HIF-1α has potential in predict the cognitive impairment caused by CSVD.Conclusion Serum levels of HIF-1α were associated with the number of CMB and CSVD-related cognitive impairment,and serum levels of HIF-1α may have a predictive value for CSVD-related cognitive impairment.

Objective To analyze the risk factors associated with the occurrence of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (RNETs) and construct a risk prediction model. Methods Clinical data of patients who underwent electronic colonoscopy were collected. The clinical information on patients with and without RNETs were compared, and potential risk factors for RNETs were identified. Binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the relevant risk factors and construct a risk prediction model. Results Among 164 patients, 66 were diagnosed with RNETs, and 98 who did not have such a condition were randomly selected. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, fatty liver, anxiety and depression, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were significant factors influencing the occurrence of RNETs (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age (P=0.015), anxiety and depression (P=0.031), cholesterol level (P=0.009), fatty liver (P=0.001), and CEA (P<0.001) as independent risk factors for RNETs. The participants were randomly divided into training and test sets at a 7:3 ratio. The training set was used to construct a nomogram-based risk prediction model, and the testing set was used for internal validation. The area under the curve values for the training and testing sets were 0.843 and 0.772, respectively (P>0.05). These findings indicate a good discriminative performance. The calibration curves for the training and testing sets were in good agreement with the 45° standard line, which suggests that the predicted probabilities were consistent with the actual outcomes. Decision curve analysis showed that the model provided a high net benefit within a threshold range of 0.2 to 0.7 for clinical decision making. Conclusion Young age, fatty liver, high CEA levels, high cholesterol levels, and anxiety and depression are independent risk factors for RNETs. The nomogram model constructed based on these risk factors exhibits a strong capability to predict the occurrence of RNETs, and clinical intervention can be considered based on the predicted probability values.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS)is a complex three-dimensional deformity involving coronal,sagittal,and axial planes,with a prevalence that should not be overlooked.With advancements in technology and in-depth research,an increasing number of hospitals and physicians are exploring standardized diagnostic and treatment approaches for AIS.Comprehensive and in-depth understanding is required for AIS,including its etiology,screening and diagnosis,classification,assessment and examination,treatment options,exploration of current focus,and evaluation of quality of life.Such understanding ensures that the diagnostic and treatment are scientific,standardized,and timely.Based on the principles of evidence-based medicine,a consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of AIS is reached after multiple discussions among spinal surgery experts,aiming to provide reference and guidance for clinical practice.

In recent decades,the incidence of human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)has shown a marked increase.Significant changes have also occurred in the OPSCC diagnosis and treatment paradigm.Deter-mining HPV status prior to treatment is now essential,and radiotherapy/chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and minimally invasive surgical techniques have progressively emerged as key modalities for managing OPSCC.However,alongside these paradigm shifts,a comprehen-sive technical consensus guiding the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process for OPSCC patients is currently lacking.Given China's large population base and the rising incidence of OPSCC,an expert panel convened to develop a clinical technical consensus on OPSCC diagno-sis and management tailored to China's specific context.This consensus aims to further enhance and standardize understanding of OPSCC management techniques among relevant healthcare professionals.

Opium is obtained by air-drying the milky latex extracted from the unripe capsules of the opium poppy(Papaver somniferum).This latex is rich in benzylisoquinoline alkaloids(BIA),with major active compounds in-cluding morphine,codeine,thebaine,papaverine,and noscapine.Compound licorice oral solution and compound licorice tablets are derivative drugs containing opium.Initially classified as over-the-counter(OTC)medications,both formulations were later reclassified as prescription drugs by the National Medical Products Administration(NMPA),restricting their purchase without proper authorization.Although the national pharmacopeia standards specify the morphine content in the opium raw materials used for compound licorice oral solution and tablets,they lack mandatory requirements for the detection and quantification of the other four major alkaloids.Given the unique nature of opium raw materials and the stringent regulatory requirements for such drugs,it is imperative to enhance and refine simultaneous detection and control methods for all alkaloid components in these products.Furthermore,the establishment of scientific and reasonable detection and control standards for preservatives in compound licorice formulations is crucial to improving overall product quality management and ensuring drug safety and efficacy.This study analyzes and discusses the quality standards,detection methods,and research progress for opium and com-pound licorice preparations,aiming to explore the potential for technological innovation and ensure the safe use of these medications.

Objective To addresses the challenges arising from the rapid expansion of pharmaceutical clinical trials and the growing demands for quality management,this paper investigates the application of low-code technology in project management.Its goals are to enhance the operational efficiency and execution capabilities of clinical trial institutions,ensure trial quality and safety,and accelerate the translation of pharmaceutical scientific achievements.Methods A brainstorming session was conducted to analyze the technical and functional requirements for managing pharmaceutical clinical trial projects.Utilizing the ＂template design＂ and ＂decision analysis＂ functionalities of low-code technology,the study adopted a modular and visually driven data management approach to develop a system compliant with Good Clinical Practice(GCP)standards.This system integrates key functionalities,including project progress management,funding management,drug inventory management,and quality control.Its effectiveness was evaluated through real-world operation and performance validation.Results The system had demonstrated stable operation with substantial improvements in practical application.Compared with conventional management approaches,it significantly enhanced project management efficiency:the time required for project schedule management was reduced by 80%,the efficiency of financial processing increased by 95%,drug inventory management efficiency improved by 75%,and the time spent on quality control was shortened by 60%.Conclusion The pharmaceutical clinical trial project management system developed using low-code technology offers substantial advantages and promising application potential.It represents a critical practice in applying digital and intelligent tools to advance pharmaceutical productivity in the medical and healthcare sectors.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of MyD88 inhibitor St-2825 on inflammatory pathways and its protective efficacy on gastric tissue in sodium taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis-associated gastric injury.Methods An a-cute pancreatitis rat model was established by subcapsular pancreatic injection of sodium taurocholate.Rats were randomly di-vided into normal control group(Group C,received saline+saline treatment),acute pancreatitis group(Group P,received sodium taurocholate+saline treatment),and intervention group(Group T,received sodium taurocholate+MyD88 inhibitor St-2825 treatment),with 16 rats in each group,48 rats in total.Pancreatic and gastric tissue samples were collected at 2 h and 6 h post-modeling.The samples were paraffin-embedded,sectioned,and stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)for comparative pathological scoring.Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1(IL-1),and interleukin-6(IL-6)were measured by ELISA.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to assess immune cell infiltration in gastric tissues.Western blot was used to determine the protein expression of MyD88 and the phosphorylation ratio of p65 in the TLR/MyD88/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway in rat gastric tissues.Results In sodium taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis-associated gastric injury rats,both pancreatic and gastric pathological scores were increased progressively over time.The plasma levels of TNF-α,IL-1 and IL-6 were significantly elevated.During pancreatic injury,gastric tissues exhibited markedly increased infiltration of neutrophils,mac-rophages,dendritic cells and T lymphocytes.The upregulated MyD88 in tissues stimulated NF-κB pathway activation,leading to phosphorylated p65 nuclear translocation and downstream inflammatory factors transcription.MyD88 inhibitor St-2825 inter-vention effectively blocked p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation,attenuated downstream inflammatory responses,and reduced immune cell infiltration in gastric tissues.Conclusion Gastric tissues undergo progressive damage during pancreatic in-jury.The MyD88 inhibitor St-2825 attenuates inflammatory responses and mitigates immune cell infiltration in acute pancreati-tis-associated gastric injury,thereby exerting protective effects.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of MyD88 inhibitor St-2825 on inflammatory pathways and its protective efficacy on gastric tissue in sodium taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis-associated gastric injury.Methods An a-cute pancreatitis rat model was established by subcapsular pancreatic injection of sodium taurocholate.Rats were randomly di-vided into normal control group(Group C,received saline+saline treatment),acute pancreatitis group(Group P,received sodium taurocholate+saline treatment),and intervention group(Group T,received sodium taurocholate+MyD88 inhibitor St-2825 treatment),with 16 rats in each group,48 rats in total.Pancreatic and gastric tissue samples were collected at 2 h and 6 h post-modeling.The samples were paraffin-embedded,sectioned,and stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)for comparative pathological scoring.Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1(IL-1),and interleukin-6(IL-6)were measured by ELISA.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to assess immune cell infiltration in gastric tissues.Western blot was used to determine the protein expression of MyD88 and the phosphorylation ratio of p65 in the TLR/MyD88/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway in rat gastric tissues.Results In sodium taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis-associated gastric injury rats,both pancreatic and gastric pathological scores were increased progressively over time.The plasma levels of TNF-α,IL-1 and IL-6 were significantly elevated.During pancreatic injury,gastric tissues exhibited markedly increased infiltration of neutrophils,mac-rophages,dendritic cells and T lymphocytes.The upregulated MyD88 in tissues stimulated NF-κB pathway activation,leading to phosphorylated p65 nuclear translocation and downstream inflammatory factors transcription.MyD88 inhibitor St-2825 inter-vention effectively blocked p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation,attenuated downstream inflammatory responses,and reduced immune cell infiltration in gastric tissues.Conclusion Gastric tissues undergo progressive damage during pancreatic in-jury.The MyD88 inhibitor St-2825 attenuates inflammatory responses and mitigates immune cell infiltration in acute pancreati-tis-associated gastric injury,thereby exerting protective effects.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)levels and cerebral microbleeds(CMBs)and cognitive impairment and to assess the predictive value of HIF-1α for CSVD-related cognitive impairment.Methods A total of 104 patients with CSVD who attended the Department of Neurology,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from June 2022 to November 2023 were enrolled.All enrolled patients were subjected to basic statistics,cranial nuclear magnetic resonance examination,cognitive function assessment,and serum HIF-1α test,and the number and location of CMBs were counted.Based on the above data the enrolled patients were grouped.The correlation between HIF-1α and cognitive function and CMBs was studied the influencing factors of CMBs and cognitive impairment were analyzed,and the predictive value of HIF-1α on the occurrence of cognitive impairment was evaluated.Results There were statistically significant differences in HIF-1α levels and cognitive function among different CMBs groups.Serum HIF-1α levels were significantly negatively correlated with overall cognitive function,visuospatial and executive function,attention,and delayed recall,and serum HIF-1α was positively correlated with the number of CMBs.HIF-1α may be a risk factor for CMBs and cognitive impairment associated with CSVD,and serum HIF-1α has potential in predict the cognitive impairment caused by CSVD.Conclusion Serum levels of HIF-1α were associated with the number of CMB and CSVD-related cognitive impairment,and serum levels of HIF-1α may have a predictive value for CSVD-related cognitive impairment.

Opium is obtained by air-drying the milky latex extracted from the unripe capsules of the opium poppy(Papaver somniferum).This latex is rich in benzylisoquinoline alkaloids(BIA),with major active compounds in-cluding morphine,codeine,thebaine,papaverine,and noscapine.Compound licorice oral solution and compound licorice tablets are derivative drugs containing opium.Initially classified as over-the-counter(OTC)medications,both formulations were later reclassified as prescription drugs by the National Medical Products Administration(NMPA),restricting their purchase without proper authorization.Although the national pharmacopeia standards specify the morphine content in the opium raw materials used for compound licorice oral solution and tablets,they lack mandatory requirements for the detection and quantification of the other four major alkaloids.Given the unique nature of opium raw materials and the stringent regulatory requirements for such drugs,it is imperative to enhance and refine simultaneous detection and control methods for all alkaloid components in these products.Furthermore,the establishment of scientific and reasonable detection and control standards for preservatives in compound licorice formulations is crucial to improving overall product quality management and ensuring drug safety and efficacy.This study analyzes and discusses the quality standards,detection methods,and research progress for opium and com-pound licorice preparations,aiming to explore the potential for technological innovation and ensure the safe use of these medications.