ObjectiveTo observe the mechanism of Guihuang formula in regulating the activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome and inhibiting pyroptosis in the treatment of type Ⅲ prostatitis. Methods（1） In an animal experiment， 50 Sprague Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， and low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the blank group， the type Ⅲ prostatitis rat model was prepared for the other four groups.After the modeling was successful， the blank group and the model group were given normal saline intragastrically， and the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula were given intragastrically with Guihuang formula （4.9， 9.8， 19.6 g·kg^-1）. After 30 days of intragastrical administration， samples were taken for detection. Inflammatory cell infiltration in prostate tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Serum malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） levels were determined by biochemistry. NLRP3 expression in prostate tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry， and the expression of NLRP3， cysteine-aspartic acid protease-1 （Caspase-1）， and gasdermin D （GSDMD） in prostate tissue was measured by Western blot. （2） In a cell experiment， human normal prostate epithelial cells （RWPE-1 cells） were divided into a blank group， a model group， a Guihuang formula group， and an NLRP3 inhibitor group （MCC950 group）. Except for the blank group， the other three groups were stimulated by 100 μg·L^-1 lipopolysaccharide （LPS） for 4 h and 5 mol·L^-1 adenosine triphosphate （ATP） for 30 min to prepare the pyroptosis model. After successful modeling， blank serum was given to the blank group and the model group. 6.25 μg·mL^-1 Guihuang formula drug-containing serum was added to the Guihuang formula group， and MCC950 was added to the MCC950 group on the basis of the model group. Propidium iodide （PI） uptake and Caspase-1 expression were detected by flow cytometry， and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） level in the cell supernatant was measured by biochemistry. Interleukin （IL）-1β and IL-18 levels of the cell supernatant were determined by ELISA， and the expression of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD was detected in Western blot. Results（1） For the animal experiment， compared with the blank group， the model group showed significant infiltration of inflammatory cells in prostate tissue， while the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula showed reduced infiltration of acinar inflammatory cells， reduced degree of glandular epithelial degeneration and interstitial edema， and significantly reduced degree of damage. Compared with those in the blank group， the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the serum of the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula showed a significant decrease in serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the blank group， the serum MDA level in the model group significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the model group， the MDA level in the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula was significantly reduced （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the blank group， the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in the serum of the model group significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula showed a significantly increase in SOD （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula showed a significantly increase in GSH-Px （P<0.05）. Immunohistochemistry showed that compared with the blank group， the model group had high expression of NLRP3 molecule in prostate tissue. The expression of NLRP3 in the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula was significantly lower than that in the model group. Compared with those in the blank group， the expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD proteins in the prostate tissue of the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the model group， the expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD proteins in the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula were significantly inhibited （P<0.01）. （2） For the cell experiment， compared with that in the blank group， the PI uptake rate of RWPE-1 cells in the model group significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the model group， the PI uptake rate of the Guihuang formula group and the inhibitor group significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the blank group， the expression of Caspase-1 in the model group was significantly higher （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the model group， the Caspase-1 in the Guihuang formula group and the inhibitor group significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed an increase in LDH release （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Guihuang formula group and the inhibitor group showed a significantly decrease in LDH release （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the blank group， the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant of the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Guihuang formula group and the inhibitor group showed a significantly decrease in the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the blank group， the expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD proteins significantly increased in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the model group， the protein expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD were significantly reduced in the Guihuang formula group and inhibitor group （P<0.01）. ConclusionGuihuang formula can inhibit the activation of Caspase-1， prevent GSDMD cleavation and lysis， and inhibit cell pyrodeath in the treatment of type Ⅲ prostatitis by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.

Objective To analyze the PLCβ4 gene mRNA expression and its clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on TCGA database. Methods Based on the data on 424 clinical samples (including 374 cases of HCC tissues and 50 cases of nontumor liver tissues) in the TCGA database, Kaplan–Meier method, Cox regression analysis, and immune infiltration analysis were performed to evaluate the relationship between PLCβ4 gene and the clinical characteristics and survival prognosis of HCC patients. Correlation analysis between PLCβ4 gene and 24 types of immune cells was applied to investigate the relationship between PLCβ4 gene and immune cell infiltration and mRNA expression level of TP53 gene, a high-frequency mutation gene in HCC. In addition, paraffin sections of highly, moderately, and poorly differentiated tumor tissues and normal liver tissues from HCC patients were collected. The histopathological observation was carried out via HE staining method, and the expression levels of PLCβ4 and Ki-67 proteins in each clinical sample were verified through the immunohistochemical method. Results The expression level of PLCβ4 gene in HCC was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (P<0.01), and all patients in the PLCβ4 high-expression group had a significantly longer overall survival than those in the low-expression group (P<0.05), which suggested that PLCβ4 substantially affected the prognosis of HCC patients. Correlation analysis showed that the expression level of PLCβ4 gene was highly correlated with immune cell infiltration and the expression level of TP53 gene. As verified by clinical sample experiments, HE staining experiments and immunohistochemical results revealed that PLCβ4 gene expression in HCC tissue samples was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (P<0.001), and it was negatively correlated with the degree of differentiation. Conclusion PLCβ4 may serve as an independent prognostic factor in HCC and is expected to be a novel molecular target for HCC treatment.

Objective: To identify biomolecular markers closely related to the occurrence of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and verify their expression levels in clinical samples. Methods: Stage Ⅰ KIRC mRNA sequencing data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for dimensionality reduction to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs)，which then underwent GO and KEGG analyses.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to screen genes significantly related to KIRC，and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen hub genes.The diagnostic value of hub genes was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve，and their prognostic value was analyzed using survival curve plots.The correlation between the mRNA expressions of hub genes and the pathological stages of KIRC was analyzed.Clinical samples of 20 patients with stage Ⅰ KIRC treated in our hospital were included，and the expressions of the hub genes in cancerous and adjacent tissues were detected with reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)，Western blotting，and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: A total of 8223 DEGs were screened out，including 4092 up-regulated ones and 4131 down-regulated ones.GO analysis showed that DEGs were related to bioadhesion，plasma membrane composition，and transporter activity.KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were related to pathways such as cell adhesion molecules，cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions，and interactions between viral proteins and cytokines and cytokine receptors.WGCNA analysis obtained 171 genes that were significantly related to stage Ⅰ KIRC.The hub gene，lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2 (LCP2)，screened out by the PPI network，was significantly related to stage Ⅰ KIRC.The area under the ROC curve was 0.96.The expression level was negatively correlated with the overall survival rate of patients.The expression of LCP2 was related to the stage and lymph node metastasis.Clinical verification showed that the mRNA and protein relative expressions of LCP2 in KIRC tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.000 1). Conclusion: LCP2 is significantly up-regulated in stage Ⅰ KIRC tissues and can be used as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis and treatment of KIRC.

Objective To understand the current status of radiation diagnosis and treatment resources and their use in Taiyuan City, China, and provide data support for optimizing resource allocation and standardizing diagnosis and treatment. Methods A census-based approach was implemented using a standardized questionnaire to collect basic information on radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions in Taiyuan City. The number and use frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment resources were calculated based on the resident population of Taiyuan City at the end of 2023. Results There were a total of 562 radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions in Taiyuan City, with 3970 workers and 1354 pieces of equipment. The numbers of radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions, workers, and equipment per 1 000 000 population were 103, 728, and 248, respectively. There were significant differences in radiation diagnosis and treatment resources among different districts and counties. There were 526 (93.59%) radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions and 25 (96.15%) tertiary hospitals in the six urban districts. All institutions offering nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment and radiotherapy were located in the urban districts. There were substantial disparities among hospitals of different levels. The average numbers of radiation workers and equipment were in the order of tertiary hospitals (99.42, 17.15) > secondary hospitals (13.31, 4.62) > primary and unrated hospitals (1.43, 1.38). The frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment in tertiary hospitals was 112 149 per hospital, which is 5 times that of secondary hospitals and 44 times that of primary and unrated hospitals. The use frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment was 975.79 per 1000 population. The use frequency was 941.12 per 1000 population for X-ray diagnosis, 21.68 per 1000 population for interventional radiology, 8.70 per 1000 population for nuclear medicine diagnosis, 2.33 per 1000 population for nuclear medicine treatment, and 1.95 per 1000 population for radiotherapy. Conclusion There are abundant radiation diagnosis and treatment resources in Taiyuan City. The use frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment has reached the level of Class II medical and health care regions, and there remains considerable room for growth and improvement. At present, the distribution of radiation diagnosis and treatment resources and services is unbalanced among different districts and counties as well as among institutions of different levels, mainly concentrated in urban districts and tertiary hospitals. The health administrative department needs to make overall plans and allocate resources scientifically.

Agriculture, the strategic cornerstone of national long-term stability, is undergoing a fundamental shift from resource-dependent to technology-driven, driven by global food security and ecological conservation needs. Traditional agriculture can no longer sustain the growing food demand. Scientific and technological advancements are fundamental guarantees for ensuring food supply security and are the primary driver for future agricultural development. This special issue compiles the latest research advancements from diverse experts, covering fields such as microbe-driven green agriculture, pesticide technology innovation, intelligent agricultural machinery, smart manufacturing, and molecular design breeding fundamentals. It aims to inspire researchers to explore cutting-edge directions in future agriculture, promote interdisciplinary collaboration and technological integration, and thereby drive innovative breakthroughs and industrial transformation in agricultural modernization.
Agriculture/methods* ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics* ; Food Supply ; Biotechnology ; Pesticides

Small RNAs (sRNAs), the key components of RNA interference (RNAi) or RNA silencing, can mediate cell-autonomous gene silencing and function as signaling molecules across species. Microbe-induced gene silencing (MIGS), which is based on interspecies RNAi, is an effective approach for controlling fungal diseases in crops. The enolase gene VdEno is essential for the growth and development of the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae, which causes cotton Verticillium wilt. In this study, we engineered Trichoderma harzianum (Th) to express the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting VdEno. The engineered strain Th-VdEnoi successfully generated VdEno-specific small interfering RNA (siVdEno). We further confirmed that Th-VdEnoi effectively induced VdEno silencing at the translational level. The results of crop protection assays revealed that the cotton plants co-inoculated with V. dahliae (strain V592) and Th-VdEnoi presented significantly reduced disease severity and lower fungal biomass in their roots than the control plants inoculated with V. dahliae alone or with V. dahliae and Th-GFPi (a control strain expressing GFP-targeting dsRNA). Collectively, our findings demonstrate that VdEno is an effective target for controlling cotton Verticillium wilt and confirm that MIGS is a promising strategy for managing soil-borne fungal pathogens in crops. MIGS provides strong technical support for reducing the application of conventional chemical pesticides, developing eco-friendly biopesticides, and facilitating the sustainable development of agriculture.
Gossypium/microbiology* ; Plant Diseases/prevention & control* ; Gene Silencing ; Ascomycota/genetics* ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics* ; Hypocreales/genetics* ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics* ; Verticillium/genetics* ; Fungal Proteins/genetics*

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury （MIRI） is a common injury in the treatment of ischemic heart diseases. MIRI can be categorized as chest impediment and palpitation in traditional Chinese medicine， with the pathogenesis related to Qi and blood disharmony. The simultaneous disorders of Qi and blood are the key mechanism of MIRI， and thus the differentiation of Qi and blood syndromes is the prerequisite for the treatment. The theory of Qi and blood interacting in vessels is proposed by our team based on Qi being the commander of blood and blood being the mother of Qi as well as previous pharmacological studies. Specifically， Qi marshals blood by vessels， and the blood carries Qi by vessels. Accordingly， Qi and blood interact in the vessels. MIRI is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction， platelet function abnormality， and vascular endothelial damage， which are correlated with Qi deficiency， blood stasis， and vessel damage， respectively. Mitochondrial， platelet， and vascular endothelial structural and functional changes triggered by their interactions are one of the mechanisms by which Qi deficiency， blood stasis， and vessel damage lead to the occurrence and development of MIRI. By exploring the correlations between Qi and mitochondria， between blood and platelets， and between vessels and blood vessels， we can explain the modern scientific content of the theory of Qi and blood interacting in vessels in traditional Chinese medicine. According to the pathogenesis of Qi and blood disharmony in vessels， we discussed the pharmacological mechanisms of Qi-replenishing medicines， blood-activating medicines， and their combinations in the prevention and treatment of MIRI. On the basis of the research achievements in the prevention and treatment of MIRI by Qi-replenishing and blood-activating Chinese medicines based on the theory of Qi and blood interacting in vessels， we analyzed the effects of these medicines on Qi， blood， and vessels. According to the theory of Qi and blood， this article reveals the theoretical basis and scientific connotations of the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases， with the aim of providing new ideas and references for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Aural vertigo frequently encountered in the otolaryngology department of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） mainly involves peripheral vestibular diseases of Western medicine， such as Meniere's disease， benign paroxysmal positional vertigo， vestibular neuritis， and vestibular migraine， being a hot research topic in both TCM and Western medicine. Western medical therapies alone have unsatisfactory effects on recurrent aural vertigo， aural vertigo affecting the quality of life， aural vertigo not relieved after surgery， aural vertigo with complex causes， and children's aural vertigo. The literature records and clinical practice have proven that TCM demonstrates unique advantages in the treatment of aural vertigo. The China Association of Chinese medicine sponsored the "17th youth salon on the diseases responding specifically to TCM： Aural vertigo" and invited vertigo experts of TCM and Western medicine to discuss the difficulties and advantages of TCM diagnosis and treatment of aural vertigo. The experts deeply discussed the achievements and contributions of TCM and Western medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of aural vertigo， the control and mitigation of the symptoms， and the solutions to disease recurrence. The discussion clarified the positioning and advantages of TCM treatment and provided guidance for clinical and basic research on aural vertigo.

Objective To understand the basic information of the number, classification, and distribution of radiation work units in non-medical institutions in Shanxi Province, China, and to analyze the status quo of health management and radiation protection measures for radiation workers, so as to provide a scientific basis for occupational exposure protection in non-medical radiation work units and better protect the occupational health rights and interests of radiation workers. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate some non-medical institutions in Shanxi Province. On-site testing was carried out to determine the risk factors for radioactive occupational diseases in the selected non-medical institutions. Results In 220 non-medical institutions, there were 340 radiation devices and 2284 radioactive sources. The rate of individual dose monitoring was 92.7% and the rate of occupational health examination was 87.2%. These devices were equipped with 325 detection instruments for radiation protection, 1316 personal protective equipment, and 730 personal dose alarms. Radiation occupational disease risk factors were investigated in 101 institutions. Conclusion The occupational health management of radiation workers in non-medical institutions in Shanxi Province is generally in line with the national standards. However, there is still a big gap with the level of occupational health management in medical institutions. The health administration departments should clarify the management measures for non-medical institutions and strengthen their supervision and management functions.

BACKGROUND:Most of the studies on combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment of skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusions have focused on the improvement of the patient's lateral appearance and recovery in the later stages of the treatment,while there are fewer studies observing the microcosmic nature of the alveolar bone remodeling of the lower anterior teeth. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of lower anterior tooth decompensation and alveolar bone remodeling in patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion before and after orthodontic-orthognathic treatment based on oral X-ray lateral films and oral cone-beam CT. METHODS:From January 2015 to May 2023,15 patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion who underwent orthodontic-orthognathic surgery at Qingdao Hospital of Rehabilitation University were enrolled.All patients underwent lateral cephalography and cone beam computed tomography before and after treatment.Cephalometric measurement items related to the angle and line distance,lip/lingual bone cracking length(d-La/d-Li)and bone cracking/bone fenestration of the lower anterior teeth before and after treatment were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Lateral X-ray films showed that the amount of alveolar bone remodeling after decompensation of the lower anterior teeth showed significant changes compared to before treatment.The root of the tooth moved significantly towards the center of the alveolar bone,and the specific data was closer to normal data,but there were still some differences compared with normal individuals.Based on the cone-beam CT measurement,the bone cracking/bone fenestration length and width of the alveolar bone were improved in almost all the teeth after orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment,alveolar bone remodeling in some teeth even reached the level of healthy individuals.Before treatment,most patients often experienced bone fenestration/cracking on the lip/lingual side of the lower incisor due to compensatory tooth growth.However,during the preoperative orthodontic stage,decompensation triggered alveolar bone remodeling and significant changes in tooth angle.Preoperative orthodontic treatment caused the upper anterior teeth to retract and the lower anterior teeth to tilt and control the root,but the amount of decompensation before surgery was often insufficient.In the orthognathic surgery stage,the jaw was removed through the positioning guide plate,the maxilla moved forward,and the mandible retreated.During the postoperative orthodontic process,the effect of fine adjustment was better.Although there is a certain degree of recurrence trend in the position of teeth and jawbones,the postoperative orthodontic treatment is closer to the normal value.